Many of us feel uneasy when someone stands too close to us, talks to us too loudly or makes eye contact(接觸) with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable?
It’s all about personal peace, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses. People feel that their space is being violated(侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume(香水) makes you feel angry.
Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire(渴望) to have space to themselves. In a survey by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.
Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.
Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall.
Preference(偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from other cultures. In Latin(拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other.
1.The writer mainly _________ in this article.
A. tells us how to achieve personal space
B. explains why people need personal space
C. introduces some knowledge about personal space
D. argues for the importance of keeping personal space
2.Who might feel his personal space is safe according to the passage?
A. A person who has to sit next to a lady putting on strong perfume.
B. A person who has been watched by a stranger for a long time.
C. A person who hears strange noises when reading at home.
D. A Latin boy who is chatting with a friend sitting close to him.
3.What can we know from the survey by TripAdvisor?
A. People need a smaller personal space in recent times than before.
B. People have a strong desire for personal space in recent times.
C. There are not enough seats on the plane to meet people’s needs.
D. Food service is better provided than seats on the plane.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The space around the body is more needed than that around all the senses.
B. If you hold newspapers on the bus, your personal space won’t be violated.
C. People usually choose the corner seats first in a library for personal space.
D. Different cultures share the same preferences for personal space.
1.C
2.D
3.B
4.C
【解析】短文大意:這篇短文主要談論了在人際交往中的一個個人空間的問題,告訴我們人們大多傾向于更大的個人空間.關于個人空間問題,不通的文化中也有一些不同之處.
1.根據第二段It’s all about personal peace,及上下文描述,可知本文主要談論的是個人空間的問題.故選C.介紹一些關于個人空間的知識.
2.根據短文最后一段In Latin(拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other.及上文描述,可知當彼此站得較近時,拉丁人感覺更舒服一些.故選D.
3.根據第三段In a survey by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.描述,可知相對于額外的食物來說,人們更傾向于大的空間距離.故選B.
4.根據短文最后一段Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. 描述,可知選C.
科目：初中英語 來源：2013屆北京市龍文教育九年級第一次中考模擬英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
The greatest saleswoman in the world today doesn’t mind if you call her a girl. That’s because Markita Andrews has got more than eight thousand dollars selling Girl Scout cookies since she was seven years old.
Going door-to-door after school, the terribly shy Markita changed herself into the cookie-selling dynamo（高手）.
It starts with great wish.
For Markita and her mother, whose husband left them when Markita was eight years old, their dream was to travel the world. “I’ll work hard to make enough money to send you to college,” her mother said one day. “When you leave college, you’ll make enough money to take you and me around the world. Okay?”
So at the age of 13 when Markita read in her Girl Scout magazine that the Scout（童子軍）who sold the most cookies would win a free trip for two around the world, she decided to sell all the Girl Scout cookies she could—more Girl Scout cookies than anyone in the world, ever.
Wish, however, alone is not enough. To make her dream come true, Markita knew she needed a plan.
“When you are doing business, wear your Girl Scout clothes when you go up to people in their building, ” her aunt told her. “Always smile, whether they buy something or not and always be nice.”
Lots of other Scouts may have wanted that trip around the world, but only Markita went off in her own uniform each day after school, ready to ask—and keep asking—people to help in her dream.
Markita sold 3,526 boxes of Girl Scout cookies that year and won her trip around the world. Since then, she has sold more than 42,000 boxes of Girl Scout cookies.
Markita is no cleverer than thousands of other people, with dreams of their own. The difference is that many people fail before they even begin. They fear（恐懼）that they will be refused. This fear leads many of us to refuse ourselves and prevents us from getting where we have set off for long before anyone else ever has the chance—no matter what we are selling.
“It takes courage（勇氣）to ask for what you want,” she said. “Courage is not that you don’t have fear. It means doing what it takes although you have a fear of it”.
【小題1】From the passage we learn that ________.
| A．a good planning is the most important in the job of selling |
| B．Markita took the free trip around the world herself |
| C．Markita has a full-time selling job now |
| D．to do something successfully, we should do what is needed |
| A．started to sell Girl Scout cookies when she was 13 years old |
| B．has only one parent |
| C．whose parents are rich, went to college |
| D．sold cookies in different shops |
| A．The Greatest Saleswoman in the World. |
| B．A Successful Girl in Selling. |
| C．The Secret of Selling. |
| D．Girl Scout Cookies. |
| A．she asks for what she wants before she is refused |
| B．she isn’t afraid to be refused |
| C．her aunt has told her how to sell things |
| D．she has a good wish |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2013年初中畢業升學考試（北京卷）英語（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions, feelings,attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn't infringe（侵犯） the rights of others.
Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs above those of others. If someone says or does something that we don't like, we should just be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future.
Why is Assertiveness important?
If you don't know how to be assertive, you might experience:
•Depression - Anger, a sense of being helpless, hopeless, or of having no control over your life.
•Resentment - Anger at others for taking advantage of you.
•Frustration - Why did I allow that to happen?
Most people find it easier to be assertive in some situations than in others. This makes perfect sense. It's a lot easier to hold your ground with a stranger than with someone you love. But the more important the relationship is to you, the more ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ it is to be assertive. Assertive behavior leads to increased respect from others！
But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you can live
with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in a positive
response (積極的回應)，some people might react differently.
How to be effectively（有效地） assertive:
•Use "I" statements. Keep the focus on the problem you're having. "I'd like to be able to tell my stories without interruption." instead of "You're always interrupting my stories ! "
•Use facts, not opinions. "Did you know that shirt has a hole?" instead of "You're not going out looking like THAT, are you?"
•Express ownership of your thoughts, feelings, and opinions. "I get angry when he breaks his promises. " instead of "He makes me angry. "
• Make clear and direct requirements. Don't invite the person to say no. "Will you please?" instead of 'Would you mind．．．?" or "Why don't you．．．?"
•Keep repeating your point. Use a low level and pleasant voice. Don't try to explain yourself.
1.The writer probably agrees that____________.
A. you should consider others' response before you act assertively
B. you should be assertive if you want to get good marks
C. assertiveness is the ability to infringe others' rights.
D. assertive behavior will bring you bad feelings
2.The expression "hold yourｇround" probably means “_________________”
A. reach an agreement
B. insist on your point
C. keep your word
D. keep on fighting
3.Which of the following helps you to be effectively assertive?
A. Explaining yourself in a soft and sweet voice.
B. Expressing ownership of others' thoughts.
C. Making requirements directly and clearly.
D. Using your opinions instead of facts.
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇東臺實驗中學中考模擬英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Almost every Chinese person can recite(背誦) the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work ”. But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food.
A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Absolutely not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.
Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food?
1. Don’t order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
2. Don’t leave any food in your bowls while having meals.
3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
1.What’s the real meaning of the underlined sentence?
A．春種一粒粟，秋收萬顆籽。 B．誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。
C．吏祿三百石，歲晏有余糧。 D．足蒸暑土氣，背灼炎天光。
2.According to the UN report, how many hungry people were there in 2011?
A．6 million. B．925 million. C．200 million. D．725 million.
3.What should we do to waste less food?
A．Order more food in a restaurant. B．Every time you eat, leave some food in your bowls.
C．Take all the food you ordered home. D．Don’t store too much food like vegetables and fruit.
4.Which of the following is NOT true?
A．A number of people have realized the importance of saving food.
B．The food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.
C．200 million children die of hunger every year.
D．Many Chinese feel that they lose face if guests have eaten all the food on the table.
5.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．Don’t waste food. B．Chinese people are friendly and generous.
C．We can’t die of hunger. D．Every grain is grown by farmers.
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省常州市七九年級上學期12月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
We are all busy taking about and using the Internet. But how many of us know the history of the Internet?
Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didn’t work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way, computer network system would keep on working all the time.
At first the Internet was only used by the government (政府). But in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it, too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made “surfing” the Internet more convenient.
Today it is easy to get on-line and it is said millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mails is more and more popular among students.
The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people’s life.
1.The Internet has a history of more than _________ years.
|
A．fifty |
B．ten |
C．forty |
D．twenty |
2.A new network system was set up to_______.
|
A．make computers cheaper |
|
B．make itself keep on working all the time |
|
C．break down the whole networks |
|
D．make computers large and expensive |
3. At first the Internet was only used by __________.
|
A．the government |
B．universities |
C．hospital and banks |
D．schools |
4. ________ made “surfing” the Internet more convenient.
|
A．Computers |
B．Scientists |
C．Software |
D．Information |
5. Which of the following sentences is true?
|
A．In the 1960s, computer networks worked well |
|
B．In the early 1970s, the Internet was easy to use. |
|
C．Sending e-mails is more popular among students than before. |
|
D．Today it is still not easy to get on-line. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2010-2011江蘇省蘇州市高新區初二下期末考試英語試卷 題型：單詞拼寫
1. 根據句意及所給中文提示或英文解釋，寫出句中所缺單詞。
51. Children in the west usually wear ▲ (特殊的) costumes with masks at Halloween.
52. Zhang Shaohan has a sweet ▲ (嗓音), and many of us like listening to her songs.
53. People around the world love ▲ (和平)and hate wars.
54. As we know, ▲ (星期一) is the second day of a week.
55. Sorry, I didn’t know you. Would you please speak more ▲ (清楚地)?
56. Now we are short of water and we should s ▲ water in our daily life.
57. Peter’s father is very ▲ (not free), so he does not have much time for his family.
2. 根據句意，用括號中所給單詞的適當形式或句子的語法要求填空。
58. My grandpa likes ▲ (chat) with his friends under the big tree.
59. —Would you like some bananas?
—No, thanks. I ▲ (eat) one already.
60. The style of this dress is popular, but I don’t like ▲ (it) colour.
61. What a ▲ (snow) day! The ground is covered with snow everywhere.
62. July 1st is our Party’s ▲ (ninety) birthday this year. We Chinese people are going to celebrate it.
63. Beijing is one of ▲ (beautiful) places in China, and I have been there twice.
64. ▲ (lucky), they escaped from the burning building with the help of the firemen.
65. We ▲ (ask) to help our parents do some housework every day.
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