A federal agency on Tuesday called for a ban on all cellphone use by drivers -- the most far-reaching recommendation up to now — saying its decision was based on a decade of investigations into distraction-related (與分散注意力有關的) accidents, as well as growing concerns that powerful mobile devices are giving drivers even more reasons to look away from the road.
As part of its recommendation, the National Transportation Safety Board is urging states to ban drivers from using hands-free devices, including wireless headsets. No state now has made laws to ban such activity, but the Board said that drivers faced serious risks from talking on wireless headsets, just as they do by taking a hand off the wheel to hold a phone to their ears.
However, the concern was heightened by increasingly powerful phones that people can use to send e-mails, watch movies and play games.
“Every year, new devices are being on sale.” she said. “People are attracted to update their Facebook page, to play music with cellphone, as if sitting at a desk. But they are driving a car.”
The agency based its recommendation on evidence from its investigation of numerous crashes in which electronic distraction was a major contributing factor.
Ms. Hersman said she understood that this recommendation would be unwelcome in some circles, given the number of drivers who talk and text. But she compared distracted driving to drunken driving and even smoking, which required wholesale cultural shifts to change behavior.
“It’s going to be very unpopular with some people.” she said. “We’re not here to win a popularity contest. We’re here to do the right thing. This is a difficult recommendation, but it’s the right recommendation and it is time.”
The agency’s recommendation is not required for states to adopt such a ban. And it won’t likely be agreed upon by state lawmakers who are unwillingly to anger those who have grown accustomed to using their device behind the wheel.
The ban also deserves attention because it is the first call by a federal agency to end the practice completely, rather than the partial ban that some lawmakers have put in place by allowing hands-free talking.
【小題1】The ban on all cellphone use by drivers was put forward ______.
| A．after a long discussion and recommendation |
| B．after about ten years’ investigation in it |
| C．because of the most powerful mobile devices |
| D．for the reason of heading away from the road |
| A．electronic distraction resulted in numerous crashes |
| B．numerous crashes were caused by drunk driving |
| C．electronic distraction contributed much to the ban |
| D．the recommendation was based on electronic distraction |
| A．are just common behaviors | B．can be shifted to behaviors |
| C．are behaviors to be changed | D．are just cultural behaviors |
| A．Cellphone Ban in Cars |
| B．Valuable Ban for Cellphones |
| C．Drivers Ban Cellphones |
| D．Cellphone Ban while Driving |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
解析試題分析：這篇文章是一篇新聞，簡要介紹了一公司經過近十年的研究發現與注意力分散有關的車禍原因，建議各州完全禁止司機駕車期間使用無線通訊設備。
【小題1】根據考查細節理解的能力。根據全文第一段第一句中的“was based on a decade of investigation”可知。故選B。
【小題2】考查推理判斷的能力。根據全文內容理解可知。故答案應為A。
【小題3】考查細節理解的能力。根據全文第六段最后一句話的理解理解。故選C。
【小題4】考查對文章主旨的理解能力。根據全文內容推斷。故選D。
考點：新聞報道類短文閱讀理解
點評：1、加強整體意識，把握文章的主要內容。在閱讀的時候可給段落標上序號，并給重要的句子和關鍵詞做上記號，尤其是各段中心句，為答題提供更快捷更多的信息源。2、審清題干，發覺和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式。3、定位閱讀，強化對應意識。同時要注意原文利用和自我加工相結合。
科目：高中英語 來源：江西省泰和六中2009-2010學年高二下學期期中考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分滿分40分)
US first lady Michelle Obama is among the world’s 100 most powerful women on a list topped by German premier Angela Merkel for four years in a row, according to a Forbes ranking released recently.
Michelle Obama debuted（初次露面）at No.40,coming in ahead of talk show host Oprah Winfrey at 41 and Britain’s Queen Elizabeth at 42.
Sheila Bair, chair of the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, which insures bank deposits,remained NO.2 after debuting on the Forbes list last year. She has gained increased fame as the US recession（經濟衰退） lasts.
The list is based on factors such as economic impact, media reach and career accomplishments. Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice fell off the list after leaving office in January. Rice’s successor （繼任者）,Hillary Clinton, came in at NO.36, dropping from No.28 last year when her presidential bid made her the woman with the highest public profile on the list.
“women im power are rising to leadership positions in business, government and philanthropy （慈善）by making daring and unconventional moves,”Forbes said.“Gone are the days of women feeling they must stick with one employer and patiently wait for promotions.”
“Highly ambitious women… are moving across companies and industries, making big leaps with each change, and repositioning themselves for opportunities that allow them to gain a breadth of experience,” the business magazine said.
Merkel,55, became the first female premier of Germany in 2005 and succeeded in retaining(保留) power in a federal election not long ago.
Michelle Obama,45,has won fans for her down-to-earth personality, her support of causes including healthy eating and the arts.
1.Condoleezza Rice is not included on the list probably because_______________ .
A. she exercises less influence
B. she keeps her new job a secret
C. she has become an ordinary woman
D. she is silent after leaving office
2.Hillary Clinton was ranked No.28 last year because_____________
A. she was the former first lady
B. she was running for president then
C. she frequently appeared in public
D. she got support from her husband
3. We learn from the passage that powerful women today_____________
A. change their jobs more frequently
B. are better political leaders than men
C. are not content with being housewives
D. have changed their traditional concept
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The most powerful women in the world
B. Women in power are rising to leadership postitions
C. Forbes: Germany’s Merkel again most powerful woman
D. Forbes: The rise and fall of the women in power
D. The latest source of biofuel
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省無錫一中高一下學期期中考試英語卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Fifty-two years ago in the USA, a little black girl named Ruby Bridges arrived at her new primary school. The school was in New Orleans, Louisiana.
As she walked toward the school’s front door, an angry crowd of people shouted at her. United States marshals walked with her. A marshal is a police officer. They were there to protect the first grader. That’s because the people didn’t want Ruby to go inside the school. But the 6-year-old walked into the school anyway. As she did, she marched into history books.
The day was Nov. 14, 1960. On that morning, little Ruby became one of the first African Americans to attend an all-white primary school in the South.
Before then, the law in many states said that black children could not attend the same schools as white children. People of different races also had to use separate public restrooms. It was called segregation. That is when people of different races are kept separate.
U.S. leaders worked to end segregation. They helped bring civil rights to all Americans. Those are the rights mean that all people should be treated equally. A few months before Ruby started school, a federal court (聯邦法庭) had just ordered an end to school segregation in New Orleans.
By the time Ruby started the second grade, there were no more angry people outside her school. There were other African American students in her class. Today, children of all races go to school together.
Bridges said she was never scared to go to school during the first grade. She wasn’t really afraid and she didn’t really know what was going on at the time.
【小題1】Why was Ruby Bridges famous in the American history?
| A．She served on the U.S. federal court. |
| B．She got along well with the U.S. marshals. |
| C．She helped end school segregation in New Orleans. |
| D．She brought all rights to the Americans with U.S. leaders. |
| A．White and black children couldn’t study in the same school. |
| B．All people should have the right to be treated equally. |
| C．Different races can use the same public convenience. |
| D．Students of all races should be able to attend school together. |
| A．Disappointing. | B．Acceptable. |
| C．Successful. | D．Confusing. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年江西省高三上學期第一次月考英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教會) or other non-profit groups.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(實習階段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by ______.
A. a church B. a corporation C. a city D. a state
2.The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _______.
A. schooling and retraining B. practice in a hospital
C. facilities he or she uses D. education he or she receives
3.According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?
A. About seven years. B. Eight years. C. Ten years. D. About twelve years.
4.Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.
A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them
B. they can take turns to work long hours
C. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder
D. no one wants to assume too much responsibility
5. Which of the following statements could fully express the author's view towards physicians’ payment in the USA?
A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.
B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.
C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.
D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.
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科目：高中英語 來源：20112012學年湖北省高三年級起點考試英語試題 題型：其他題
完成句子
1.Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments_______________ （他們成功解決）the problems, （succeed）
2.The secretary forgot to type her business letter, ______________________ （集中注意力去閱讀） an interesting report, （focus）
3.But for the warning message, more lives __________________（會死去）in the flood, （lose）
4.Many people, including some foreigners, __________________（一直被困在機場） because of the 9．0 magnitude earthquakes, （stick）
5.The report reveals that __________________________ （工人們一直面臨/被曝露）unacceptably high levels of radiation, （expose）
6._____________________（最吸引我去動物園的是）to that zoo was the the chance to see the panda, （attract）
7.This means that after a while your body ___________________（習慣于香煙有） nicotine in it．（accustom）
8.The first thing_____________________（我注意到的是）was all the vivid colors surrounding me—purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens, （aware）
9.Children should be taught_______________ （去分辨是非）．（distinguish）
10.However, Australia has a federal government ________________________ （負責事務） that affect people all over the country such as defence, foreign policy and taxation, （responsible）
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