What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists（心理學家） say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol（酒精）. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive.”
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees, “These are often celebratory riots(暴亂)— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly.”
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them.’ ”
Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties.” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly.”
1.Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?
A．There’s a connection between violence and sports
B．There are many reasons for violence at sports events.
C．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol.
D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.
2.Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?
A．“ No one knows I’m doing this.”
B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing.”
C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them.”
D．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy.”
3.How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?
A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two.
4.The last paragraph is mainly about ______.
A．how to turn games into big parties
B．how to prevent violence at sports events
C．why to fix cameras in stadiums
D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly
5.What lesson can we learn from this passage?
A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are.
B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet.
C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something.
D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there.
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.B
5.C
【解析】
試題分析：本文敘述了存在著球場暴力，并解釋了原因，在最后還提出了解決的方法。
1.C 段落大意題。根據文章第一段第二行One is alcohol（酒精）.說明酒精是暴亂的一個重要原因，故C項正確。
2.D 推理題。根據第三段最后3行Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”說明“mob mentality.”這是一種從眾的心理，需要很多人在一起才能發生。根據第三段3,4，5三行people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. 說明ABC三項與之相符，D項不是mob mentality的行為。
3.A 細節題。根據Psychologist Dennis Brock says，David Sampson，Edward Hirt，Dave Zarifis和Dr. Sharon Kennedy說明一共由5個專家，故A正確。
4.B 段落大意題。根據文章最后一段說明本段是解釋阻止暴力的方式方法，故B正確。
5.C 推理題。根據本文內容可知很多運動場上的暴力很多都是由于酒精和從眾的心理產生的，所以無論有多少人在一起都不要盲目的跟隨別人做一樣的事情。故C正確。
考點：考查社會知識人短文閱讀
點評：本文敘述了存在著球場暴力，并解釋了原因，在最后還提出了解決的方法。要求考生能仔細閱讀文章，明確題目的要求和選項的細節，然后結合文本的內容作出合理的延伸推理，最后作出準確的判斷。
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Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.
60．What is the central theme of this text?
A．The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made.
B．The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.
C．The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.
D．The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.
61．How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field?
A．By setting up more chain stores across the country.
B．By selling roses in supermarkets.
C．By selling high quality roses at a low price.
D．By selling roses by the dozen.
