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Celebrating Sleep
World Sleep Day, observed on 21 March, was created to bring attention to the growing number of sleep problems worldwide. Sleep is a natural part of human life, but many people in the modern world ignore its importance. As a result, sleep problems are increasingly common.
In 2002, scientists at the University of Athens in Greece conducted a survey of over 35,000 people in 10 countries around the world, including China, Belgium and South Africa. Of the people that responded to the survey, 24 percent said that they did not sleep well, and based on their responses, 31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia and another 17.5 percent were diagnosed with borderline insomnia(失眠). In addition, 30.7 percent of survey respondents reported visiting a doctor for help with sleep problems and 11.6 per cent said that they felt very sleepy during the day.
Overall, the survey found that many people suffer the effects of poor quality sleep, some examples of which are being unable to fall asleep and waking up in the middle of the night. The main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep. The survey’s findings are particularly troubling because large numbers of people were found to have difficulty sleeping at night. The short-term effects of this are tiredness and trouble concentrating. If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase.
There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.
Getting a good night’s sleep is important for everyone. By following the advice above, you can rest better at night and work better during the day.
Title: Celebrating Sleep
|
Topic |
Context |
|
World Sleep Day |
Due to __3___of sleep problems, people observed Mar. 21, World Sleep Day, bringing attention to the importance of sleep. |
|
Responses of the survey |
◆Of 3, 5000 people in 10 countries in the world, there were 24 percent of the people saying they didn’t sleep well. ◆31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia and another 17.5 percent were on the _4___ of sleeplessness. ◆The __5__ of the people feeling sleepy during the day is 11.6. ◆30.7 percent reported__6___ to a doctor for sleep problems. |
|
__1___causing sleep problems and their consequences |
◆Under _7____ from school or work, people may have sleep problems. ◆A fast pace of life causes sleep problem as well. ◆Poor quality sleeps also ___8__ from noise or light pollution. ◆There is much __9___ that sleepless people easily gain weight and have a heart attack. ◆Feeling tired and sleepy, people find it hard to concentrate. |
|
___2__ to take to improve sleep quality |
◆Have regular sleep habits ◆Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet ◆Avoid things ___10___caffeine |
Facts
Measures/Steps
ignorance
edge
percentage
turning
pressure/stress
arise/result
possibility/chance/likehood
containing
【解析】
試題分析：本文敘述了現在的社會由于經濟的快速發展，人們有來自工作和學習各方面的壓力，人們的睡眠開始出現問題，文中用了大量的數據表明人們的睡眠存在的各方面的問題，并且文章最后給出了一些提高睡眠質量的建議。
這里用事實舉例來說明引起人們的睡眠問題的產生，故用Facts.
There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep.采取措施來改善睡眠，這里是固定短語take measures/steps,故用Measures/Steps.
根據many people in the modern world ignore its importance. ignore是動詞； ignorance忽視，是名詞。
another 17.5 percent were diagnosed with borderline insomnia(失眠). 被診斷為失眠癥的邊沿，故用edge.
根據11.6 per cent said that they felt very sleepy during the day.故用percentage.
根據30.7 percent of survey respondents reported visiting a doctor for help with sleep problems. turn to a doctor for help向醫生求助，這里放在reported之后做賓語，故用 turning.
根據The main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life,引起睡眠問題的主要原因是來自學校和工作的壓力，故用pressure/stress.
根據but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep. 噪音和光污染引起睡眠質量差，故用arise/result.
根據If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase. 如果長期睡眠不好，就會出現體重增加和患心臟病的危險，故用possibility/chance/likehood.
根據At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.在晚上避免喝還有咖啡因的飲料，故用containing.
考點：這是健康保健類閱讀。
點評：任務性閱讀的考查包括一是考查主要事實、特定的信息和細節。二是概括文章的標題、主題思想及段落大意。三是測驗文章特定的詞義或句意。四是考查作者的態度與傾向。五是考查考生對文章某一觀點的認識和看法。
科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省揚州中學2011-2012學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題 題型：053
請閱讀短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。
Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days!
The first day would be a busy one．I should call to all my dear friends and look long into their faces, imprinting(刻上)upon my mind the outward evidences of the beauty that is within them．I should let my eyes rest, too, on the face of a baby, so that I could catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty which precedes the individual's consciousness of the conflicts which life develops．
And I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs--the serious, clever little Scottie, Darkie, and the strong, understanding Great Dane, Helga, whose warm, tender, and playful friendships are so comforting to me．
On that busy first day I should also view the small simple things of my home．I want to see the warm colors in the carpets under my feet, the pictures on the walls, the lovely small furniture that transforms a house into home．My eyes would rest respectfully on the books in dot-raised type which I have read, but they would be more eagerly interested in the printed books which seeing people can read, for during the long night of my life the books I have read and those which have been read to me have built themselves into a great shining lighthouse, showing me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit．
In the afternoon of that first seeing day, I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate(使陶醉)my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature trying desperately to absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance which is presenting itself to those who can see．On the way home from my woodland trip, my path would lie close to a farm so that I might see the patient horses ploughing in the field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil．And I should pray for the glory of a colorful sunset．
When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature brings darkness．
In the night of that first day of sight, I should not be able to sleep, so full would be my mind of the memories of the day!
(By Helen Keller)
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省啟東中學高一下學期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：填空題
請認真閱讀短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。每個空格只填一個單詞。
Back to School: Why Grit(毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. A recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.
| Back to School: Why Grit Is More Important than Good Grades? | |
| Common phenomena | ◆Parents throughout America(1) their kids’ backpacks up with snacks and school supplies. |
| ◆Many American parents don’t(2) enough importance to their kids’ character building. | |
| The writer’s(3) | ◆Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building. |
| (4) and research findings | ◆Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may(5) them from learning some valuable skills. |
| ◆Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. are (6) to minimize the challenges the child faces. | |
| ◆Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are (7) and more confident than those who haven’t. | |
| ◆Denying kids character-building experiences can(8) in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood. | |
| The writer’s suggestions | ◆(9) kids to be risk-takers. |
| ◆Give kids room to experience(10) . | |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆江蘇省高一下學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：信息匹配
請認真閱讀短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。每個空格只填一個單詞。
Back to School: Why Grit(毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. A recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.
Back to School: Why Grit Is More Important than Good Grades?
Common phenomena ◆Parents throughout America(1) their kids’ backpacks up with snacks and school supplies.
◆Many American parents don’t(2) enough importance to their kids’ character building.
The writer’s(3) ◆Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building.
(4) and research findings ◆Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may(5) them from learning some valuable skills.
◆Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. are (6) to minimize the challenges the child faces.
◆Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are (7) and more confident than those who haven’t.
◆Denying kids character-building experiences can(8) in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.
The writer’s suggestions ◆(9) kids to be risk-takers.
◆Give kids room to experience(10) .
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆江蘇省徐州市高二上學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：其他題
請閱讀短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。
注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。
Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way of contributing to social work and having a big effect on the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood due to bad condition or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents.
You are able to give or donate blood every three or four month, and it is such a beautiful way of making a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it after making a valuable contribution to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.
Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum（鐵）level in you body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation on an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Afterwards, you will not feel faint or weak.
For required hemoglobin（血紅蛋白）in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body.
For a good blood flow in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid, a day before and after giving blood, taking alcohol, caffeine, etc. Do not smoke half an hour before giving blood.
When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure. During the blood donation activity take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Don’t take part in some other activities.
When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out.
Take a rest for 15 minutes after completion of the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed and energetic.
Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation center. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be avoided for one hour after the process. Avoid some activities right away, for example, driving.
Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.
|
Title |
Blood donation— an important activity |
|
The 1. __________ of blood donation |
² Making 2. __________ to social work and the community. ² Helping those people who suffer the 3. __________ of blood. ² Giving yourself a sense of 4. __________. |
|
5. __________ the donation |
² Take a health diet for a high ferrum level. ² Drink fruit juice for enough hemoglobin. ² Drink at least 6-7 glasses of water 6. __________ for a good flow of blood. ² Avoid taking alcohol, caffeine, etc. and smoking cigarettes. |
|
During the donation |
² Relax and 7. __________ deeply. ² Never 8. __________ in other activities. |
|
After the donation |
² Take a rest. ² Don’t 9. __________ meals. ² Don’t smoke until one hour later. ² Never take part in some activities 10. __________. |
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