2009屆高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)素材大全
a great/good many: a large number of許多。修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
I'm quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有很多事要做。若復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有限定詞或其修飾的為代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加of .
①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已經(jīng)賣(mài)了很多書(shū)了。
②A great many of them are out of work.他們很多人失業(yè)了。
able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)
①He is an able man.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我們要多學(xué)知識(shí)以便能面對(duì)各種困難。
disable:有殘疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一類(lèi)人（殘疾人）
able作詞輟時(shí)
①可以……的，值得……的（有被動(dòng)含義）
eatable可食用的，measurable可以測(cè)量、估計(jì)的；readable可讀的
②其他含義：conformable舒適的、安逸的；suitable 合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
above,over,on
三個(gè)詞都可以表示"在……上"，但用法不同。On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含"布滿、覆蓋、跨越"之意，與under 相對(duì)；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對(duì)。注意：與數(shù)字、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度詞連用時(shí)，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一萬(wàn)多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十開(kāi)外的人；above zero零度以上。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：well above average遠(yuǎn)在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一個(gè)；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那邊； all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[應(yīng)用]介詞填空
①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.
②The mother held an umbrella______the boy's head so that the sun wouldn't burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.
④The moon was______the trees in the east.
Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above
above all 首先，特別是，最重要的是
after all 到底，畢竟
at all (用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)與not連用，表示"一點(diǎn)也不，完全不"。
in all 總共
all but 幾乎，差點(diǎn)沒(méi)（=almost,nearly）
①We have all but finished the work.
②The day turned out fine after all.
③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.
④He wasn't at all tired.
⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，確實(shí))？
⑥There were twenty in all at the party.
accident/event/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發(fā)生的事故，特別是不幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對(duì)于accident來(lái)說(shuō)，顯得不很重要，指"小事件"，它還可以用來(lái)表示"事變"，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.廣播員正在播報(bào)時(shí)事新聞。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他嚴(yán)重受傷。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那輛公共汽車(chē)上發(fā)生了一件事，有個(gè)人和售票員打了起來(lái)。
Have you heard of Xi'an Incident?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)"西安事變"嗎？
admit vt.①接納，許可……進(jìn)入（allow sb./sth.to enter）
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.
②承認(rèn)，后可接名詞，doing、從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.
advice建議；勸告。是不可數(shù)名詞，"一條建議"應(yīng)用a piece of advice。常用結(jié)構(gòu)。give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提（關(guān)于……的）建議；忠告某人。ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意見(jiàn)。
①M(fèi)arx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關(guān)于如何學(xué)好外語(yǔ)，馬克思給我們提了些好建議。
②If you take /follow my advice,you'll pass the exam.如果你聽(tīng)從我的建議，你會(huì)考試及格的。
③Let's ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見(jiàn)吧。
admire（= respect / praise）vt.羨慕，欽佩，夸獎(jiǎng)
admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事
Visitors to
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。
對(duì)比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妨，羨慕
envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羨慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.
我們都很羨慕你的好運(yùn)。
advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事（suggest不這樣用）。
①I(mǎi) advise you to take the chance.我建議你抓住機(jī)會(huì)。
②-What do you advise me to do?你建議我怎么辦？
-I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我勸你不要灰心，繼續(xù)干。
advise 還可同suggest一樣，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）和that從句（用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）作賓語(yǔ)。
①-What would you advise?你有什么建議嗎？
-I advise you an early start我建議你早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開(kāi)一次會(huì)議來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
③I advise you (should) go to once.我建議你馬上去。
advise ，persuade
persuade sb. to do sth.意為"說(shuō)服某人做某事"，強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說(shuō)成功，說(shuō)服；advise sb. to do sth. 意為"勸說(shuō)某人做某事"，不涉及勸說(shuō)是否有效，相當(dāng)于try to persuade sb. to do sth.。如：
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.醫(yī)生說(shuō)服我爸爸戒了煙。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.
醫(yī)生勸我爸爸戒煙，但沒(méi)成功。
advise; suggest
advise 與suggest 都可作"建議"講，二者用法有同有異。
(1)相同點(diǎn)
表示建議做某事，advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型:
① + 名詞
② + 動(dòng)名詞
③ + that從句（從句中常用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。）
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注：只要是用從句表示建議該做的事，從句中就可用"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可轉(zhuǎn)化為：
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同點(diǎn)
①advise后可以跟人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ)，而suggest后不可以跟人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ)。故可以說(shuō)：
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
前三種結(jié)構(gòu)中不可將advise改為suggest，如：
他建議我們?nèi)⒂^博物館。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest還有"暗示、表明、說(shuō)、指出（一個(gè)事實(shí)）"的意思。此時(shí)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用陳述語(yǔ)氣。)比較：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事，從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should在從句中省略。)
affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影響（effect n.影響）
This may affect your health.
這或許會(huì)影響你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.
我的嗓子總是受惡劣天氣的影響。
afraid
1)"be afraid of+名詞"，意為"害怕"。
2）"be afraid of doing sth"意為"擔(dān)心，害怕……"。
3）"be afraid for…"意為"為……擔(dān)心。"
4）"be afraid that…"意為"擔(dān)心，恐怕"。
5）"be afraid to do "意為"害怕，擔(dān)心而不敢做某事"。
6）I'm afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會(huì)這樣
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。
Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。
He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不為自己的安全擔(dān)心嗎？
Are you afraid_______your safety?
④恐怕她會(huì)迷路。
I am _____ _____she will lose her way.
⑤湯姆把錢(qián)丟了，也不敢告訴他母親。
Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell
again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.
這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過(guò)去。
age
(1)n.年齡，時(shí)代，時(shí)期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.
那位老人80歲時(shí)去世了。
He is young for his age.
就他的年齡而論，他是年輕的。
What is the age of the church?
這座教堂多少年了？
He was the greatest poet of the age.
他是那個(gè)時(shí)代最偉大的詩(shī)人。
(2)vi./vt. 變老
He is aging fast. Worry ages a man.
他老得很快。憂慮令人老！
I found him greatly aged.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他老多了。
拓展：（1）adj. aged……歲的，年老的
a boy aged ten 一個(gè)10歲的男孩
an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age
嬰兒/0→幼兒7→兒童12→青年28→壯年40→中年65→老年
agree 同意。常用桔構(gòu)：
(1)agree on 對(duì)……取得一致意見(jiàn)或達(dá)成協(xié)議,一般表示原雙方共同商討以后達(dá)成協(xié)議的名詞)。主語(yǔ)必須是兩者以上。也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示"（某事）是大家都同意的"。 如：
①They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對(duì)下次會(huì)議的日期他們達(dá)成了一致意見(jiàn)。
②At last,the plan was agreed on. 最后，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃通過(guò)了。
③I don't agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.我不贊同你在這件事的安排，但或許在協(xié)商之后我們可以就這個(gè)工程達(dá)成共識(shí)。
(2)agree to 同意；贊成。to 為介詞，后接表示"建議；辦法；計(jì)劃"等名詞。
①Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的計(jì)劃嗎？
②The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長(zhǎng)同意了我們度假的建議。
(3)agree with同意；贊成。后接sb. 或what 從句。
I agree with you ,but I don't agree with what he said.我同意你的意見(jiàn)，但我不同意他所說(shuō)的。另外，agree with還有"與……相適應(yīng)/相一致"的意思。
The climate here doesn't agree with me .我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答應(yīng)做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?如果我們答應(yīng)借錢(qián)給你，你同意和我們一起去嗎？
ahead短語(yǔ)歸納
go ahead朝前走，請(qǐng)便（同意對(duì)方繼續(xù)干或同意對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求）；go ahead (on)with… 繼續(xù)；ahead of在……前面，早于，優(yōu)先；ahead of time提前
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看發(fā)生了什么事情。
He ________ ________ to see what had happened.
②我可以坐這個(gè)座位嗎？請(qǐng)坐吧。
May I take this seat?________ _______.
③湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比瑪麗好。
Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.
④她比我早到2個(gè)小時(shí)。
She arrived two hours _______ _______me.
⑤他們已提前三周完成了設(shè)計(jì)。
They have completed the design ________ _______ ________ _______time.
Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead
③/ ④ahead,of
⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
alive,living,live,lively,lovely區(qū)別
1)lovely意"可愛(ài)的"，"美好的"如：
a lovely day 美好的一天 a lovely girl 可愛(ài)的女孩
2)alive 意為"活著的、有活力的",是表語(yǔ)形容詞，可修飾人、物；
在句中做表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)和或后置定詞，不能用作前置定語(yǔ)。如
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往醫(yī)院時(shí)還活著。
Although he is old, he is still very much alive.
雖然年老了，但他仍十分活躍。
The fish is still alive/living.那條魚(yú)還活著。
Keep him alive, please.請(qǐng)讓他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活著的人。
After the war , he remained alive .戰(zhàn)后他還活著。
Those alive will gather here. 活著的人將在此相聚。
3)living 意為"活著的、有生命的"，主要用于作前置定語(yǔ)及冠詞the 之后表示一類(lèi)人，也可用作表語(yǔ)，可修飾人或物。如：
a living plant 活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活著的人將繼續(xù)死者的工作。
all living things所有生物 the living 在世者，活著的人們
Latin is not a living language. 拉丁語(yǔ)不是現(xiàn)代使用的語(yǔ)言。
He is still living at the age of 95.95歲了他還活著。
4)live [laiv]
（1）（動(dòng)、植物）"活的"，"有生命的"，"活生生的，主要用來(lái)說(shuō)鳥(niǎo)或其它動(dòng)物，作前置定語(yǔ)；如：a live fish一條活魚(yú) a live tiger 一只活老虎
(2)實(shí)況的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的；如：a live report現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道a live show/broadcast/TV program現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播的表演/實(shí)況廣播/現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的電視節(jié)目
living有精神的，活潑的，快活的，輕快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.
她爺爺已經(jīng)93歲了，仍然健在。
5)lively 意為"活潑的"，"有生氣的", 生動(dòng)的
"生動(dòng)的"，可用作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，指人或物。如：a lively child 活潑的孩子
a lively discription 生動(dòng)的描述如：
a lively mind 活躍的頭腦 a lively discussion 熱烈的討論a way of making one's classes lively 使課堂生動(dòng)的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.
他講述了一個(gè)有關(guān)他的非洲生活的一個(gè)生動(dòng)故事。
Young children are usually lively.
年輕人通常很活潑。
all the same adj.都一樣；無(wú)所謂（to+n.）
①You can stay or leave now;It's all the same to me.
②It's all the same to me whether we'll go there today or tomorrow.
adv.仍然，還是
Thank you all the same.
all the year round 全年，一年到頭
In the west coast of Canada,it rains all the year round.
allow與permit
1)用法相同
allow / permit sb .to do sth .允許某人做某事
allow / permit doing sth . 允許做某事。此時(shí)動(dòng)詞只用ing 形式。
反義詞forbid 具有同樣用法。
2)意義有異同
許多情況下可換用，只是詞意的強(qiáng)弱上有差異。allow語(yǔ)意較弱，含有"聽(tīng)任"，"默許"，"不加阻止"的意思；permit 語(yǔ)意較強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)"正式認(rèn)可"，"批準(zhǔn)"的意思。如：
The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted.
護(hù)士讓他留在那里，雖然這時(shí)（規(guī)定）不允許的。
amaze vt.使……驚奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.這條消息使我們感到很驚奇。
拓展：（1）amazed人對(duì)……感到吃驚的；amazing（某物）……信人吃驚的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)令人吃驚的消息他們感到驚訝。
(2)amazement n.
to one's amazement令人吃驚的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.
讓我奇怪的是，他們?nèi)ノ麟p版納了。
類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)：to one's happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement
使某人高興的/興奮的/傷心的/迷惑的是
and so on : etc 等等。用來(lái)表示列舉，但又不一一列出。
He knows five foreign languages, English, French, Japanese and so on.他懂5種外語(yǔ)，如英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)等等。
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接雙賓語(yǔ)，若以人作賓語(yǔ)常置于to后。如：
The president announced to the workers the sad news.
The president announced the sad news to the workers.
總裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。
He introduced the new comer to everyone here.
他把新來(lái)的那個(gè)人介紹給這里的每個(gè)人。
report to sb.向某人匯報(bào)：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人匯報(bào)/告訴。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯(cuò)
①The teacher explained his students how to use the computer.
②No one declared us we could not smoke here.
Key:①explain后加to ②declare后加to
another day/the other day/some day/one day
another day 可表示近期將來(lái)的某一天，意為"改天"，也可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的"又一天"。如:
She is coming another day instead of today. 她今天不來(lái)，改天來(lái)。
You may do it another day.
你可以改天做這件事。
He stayed there (for) another day/another two days after I lift.
我離開(kāi)后他在那又待了一天/兩天。
the other day 相當(dāng)于a few days ago,意為"幾天前、某天、那天、不久前"，句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
I met her in the street the other day.幾天前我在街上碰見(jiàn)過(guò)她。
I bought the watch the other day.這手表我是幾天前買(mǎi)的。
some day指將來(lái)"總有一天、有朝一日、終將、（日后）某一天"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí).如:
Your wishes will come true some day.總有一天你的愿望會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
Some day you'll have to pay for what you have done.
總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價(jià)的。
one day可以表示"（過(guò)去）某一天"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去式；也可表示"（將來(lái)）某一天"，這時(shí)可與some day互相代替，謂語(yǔ)常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的啟蒙老師，可碰巧他出去了。
He will understand the teacher one day/some day.將來(lái)有一天，他會(huì)理解老師的。
anxious, eager
兩個(gè)詞均有"渴望，急于"之意。anxious 著重指焦急、著急或擔(dān)心；而eager著重指對(duì)成功的期望或進(jìn)取的熱情。兩者都多用作表語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常是人，不能以無(wú)生命的事物作主語(yǔ)。對(duì)比：
He is eager to join the army.他渴望參軍。
He is anxious to know whether he has been chosen.
他急于知道是否被選上了。
常用搭配：
①be anxious to do sth.渴望急切地做某事；
be anxious for渴望（了解、得到）；
be anxious about擔(dān)心，對(duì)……感到不安
②be eager to do sth.急切地想做某事；
be eager for (about, after)渴望，渴求，
be eager for your help渴望得到你的幫助；
be eager about peace渴望和平
①學(xué)生們都急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。
The students ________ ________ ________ ________ the results ofthe examination.
②那個(gè)小男孩渴望得到一臺(tái)新錄音機(jī)。
The little boy was ________ ________a new recorder.
③我很擔(dān)心我兒子的健康。
I'm ________ ________my son's health.
④他殷切希望女兒的成功。
He is __________ _________ his daughter's success.
Key:①are, anxious(eager),to ,know
②anxious(eager)，for
③anxious, about
④eager, for(about, after)
apologize for doing sth.
apologize是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為"道歉"，其表達(dá)式為"apologize to sb.for sth."。如：
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.
它的名詞形式是apology, 復(fù)數(shù)形式是apologizes.
make one's apologies to sb. for sth.= make an apology to sb. for sth.如：
He make his apologies to me for coming late.
appear
As a result, it appered to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地球上的科學(xué)家看來(lái)，恒星好像是移動(dòng)了。
句型：It appears/seems(to sb.) +that-clause.看來(lái)/似乎是……
①I(mǎi)t appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有點(diǎn)不大對(duì)頭。
②It appears that he will the prize.看來(lái)他會(huì)得笑。
appear;seem;look
appear, seem, look都有"看起來(lái)似……"之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。
從意義上講：
(1)appear強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人的印象，有時(shí)含實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此的意思，如：
He appears to know more than he really does。他看起來(lái)好像懂得很多。（其實(shí)懂得沒(méi)有那么多）
(2)seem暗示有一定根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)，如：
His health seems to be better.
他的健康狀況似乎有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
(3)look著重由視覺(jué)得出的印象，如：
He doesn't look his age.
他看起來(lái)比實(shí)際年齡年輕（或老成）。
從用法上講：
seem和appear后可加
(to + be)+表語(yǔ)(adj.或n.或prep.)
+to v.
It + ~ +(that)從句如：
He seems/appears（to be）very sad today.
=It seems that he is very sad today.
It seems like years since I saw you last time.
He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.）
He seems/appears to have caught a cold.
=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.
look當(dāng)"看起來(lái)似乎…和as if從句。如：
He looks strong.
She looks like her mother.
It looks as if we are going to miss the train.…"講時(shí)，可接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)
area; district
（1）area表示"地區(qū)、區(qū)域"，是普通用詞，暗示一個(gè)較大的，可能是沒(méi)有清楚界限的地區(qū)，不能用來(lái)指行政上的地理單位。如：
The old man lives in a mountain area.這位老人生活在山東。
This is a less developed area.這是個(gè)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)。
Most of the large land areas are connected.多數(shù)大塊陸地是相連的。
（2）district表示"區(qū)、地區(qū)、區(qū)域"，指為行政管理或選舉之目的所分的區(qū)。在同一城市，各種性質(zhì)不同的區(qū)域也叫district。如：
Where is the District of Columbia?哥倫比亞特區(qū)在什么地方？
The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾經(jīng)在晉察冀軍區(qū)工作。The northeast part of the city is the residential district.這城市的東北部是住宅區(qū)。
Arm
take…in one's arms
該結(jié)構(gòu)意為"擁抱"。如：
He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms.
As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的時(shí)候，該句型中的as為連詞，意為"在……的時(shí)候"，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)從句與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)為be時(shí)，可將從句主語(yǔ)及be省略。
①Even as(he
was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學(xué)的時(shí)候，
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時(shí)候，他就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。
as a result 作為結(jié)果，結(jié)果（發(fā)生某情況），可置于句首，也可置于句末
She got up very early. As a result, she was able to catch the early bus.
她起得很早，因此她趕上了早班車(chē)。
He has won the game. He is in high spirits as a result.
他贏了比賽，所以他精神高昂。
He runs every day .As a result , he has lost weight .他每天跑步，結(jié)果他減肥了。
as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果，as a result of……的結(jié)果是
As a result of exercise , he has built up his health.
The flight was delayed as a result of typhoon.該次班機(jī)因臺(tái)風(fēng)而延誤
result in = lead to 導(dǎo)致，造成……結(jié)果，如：
Hard work results in success.努力終歸成功。
(= Success results from hard work.成功來(lái)自努力)
Hard work results in success. 勤奮才會(huì)成功。
result from 由……產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，如：
Success results from hard work. 成功來(lái)自勤奮。
His illness resulted from overwork. 他的病起因于操勞過(guò)渡。
as…as
as many as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)；as much as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)（注意：many指可數(shù)的量，much 指不可數(shù)詞的量）；as high as 和……一樣高/高達(dá)；as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達(dá)；as long as 一樣長(zhǎng)/長(zhǎng)達(dá);as deep as 一樣深/深達(dá)；as early as 一樣早/早在……時(shí)候，如：
We have as many books as they.我們的書(shū)和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達(dá)20座。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①新橋與舊橋一樣長(zhǎng)。/這種魚(yú)可長(zhǎng)到長(zhǎng)達(dá)
②這座山和遠(yuǎn)處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達(dá)
Key:
①The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind
of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.
②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.
as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….
①I(mǎi)'ll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能地……
②Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨盡量早起。
as...as...用法小結(jié)
（1）...as+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...;not as/so+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...
Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一樣用功學(xué)習(xí)。
He doesn't get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那樣早起床。
（2）……倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.線段AB是線段CD長(zhǎng)的3倍。
（3）as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as; as + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + as
She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相當(dāng)于八塊方糖。
I have't got as much money as I thought.我沒(méi)有原來(lái)想象的那么多錢(qián)。
（5）as much/ many as多達(dá)……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，進(jìn)行接力賽跑時(shí)，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時(shí)多達(dá)650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多達(dá)700種不同的語(yǔ)言。
He didn't catch as many as he'd hoped.他沒(méi)有捉住預(yù)想的那么多。
（6）as...as possible; as... as one can
The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應(yīng)盡可能仔細(xì)地把字寫(xiě)好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.請(qǐng)對(duì)你的朋友盡可能友好。
（7）as...as + 年代數(shù)字/名詞
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到郵局。
（8）as/so far as I know
As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個(gè)月。
（9）as soon as-……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請(qǐng)通知我們一聲。
（10）as well as 和；也；還有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢(qián)。
He studies French as well as English.他不但學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，而且學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。
（11）as/so long as 只要；如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。
as a matter of fact=in fact事實(shí)上、實(shí)際上……
It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it'll take us a long time to work it out.
這道題貌似簡(jiǎn)單，實(shí)際上要解出的話很費(fèi)時(shí)間。
區(qū)別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)至（原級(jí)比較或表示距離）；就……來(lái)講
2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長(zhǎng)（原級(jí)比較）；只要（引導(dǎo)條件
狀語(yǔ)從句）
3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）
4）as good as和……一樣好；事實(shí)上（作狀語(yǔ)）
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他們實(shí)際上已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫助我們了。
They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.
②油漆后的這輛自行車(chē)和新的一樣。
Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.
③小李英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和漢語(yǔ)一樣好。
Xiao Li speaks English ______ ______ _____ she speaks
Chinese.
④他和他的父母對(duì)我都很好。
He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.
⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。
After supper we walked _______ ______ ______the foot of the
hill.
⑥就我所知，他將離開(kāi)兩個(gè)月。
______ ______ ______I know, he'll be away for two months.
⑦只要努力，你一定會(huì)成功。
________ _________ ________you work hard, you'll succeed in
time.
⑧這座新建的橋據(jù)說(shuō)和舊的一樣長(zhǎng)。
This newly - built bridge is said to be _________ ________
_________the old one.
Key:①②as good as;③④as well as ⑤as far as ⑥As, far,as ⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as
as if可用as though替換，在此引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，另外它們也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
①I(mǎi)t looks as if /though it's going to rain.（陳述語(yǔ)氣）
②You look as if you'd seen a ghost.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）
as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情況一樣
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music.
跟母親一樣，他喜歡音樂(lè)。
As with human, animals also love their babies. 同人一樣，動(dòng)物也愛(ài)它們的幼仔。
as good as
as good as 作為固定詞組意為"幾乎一樣"，"實(shí)際上等于"，作為同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"和……一樣好"。如：
①He is as good at English as me.
②My bike is as good as yours.
…as it is
該固定詞組表達(dá)意思是"就以（現(xiàn)在）這個(gè)樣子，""根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的情況"。如：He decided to buy the house as it is.
as long as/so long as只要
(1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把書(shū)弄臟，你就可以借。
You will succeed so long as you work hard.
只要你努力就會(huì)成功。
As long as you study hard, you'll make great progress.
只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得很大進(jìn)步。
(2)和……一樣長(zhǎng)
This rope is as long as that one.這條繩子和那條一樣長(zhǎng)。
This bridge isn't so/as long as that one.這座橋和那座不一樣長(zhǎng)。
(3)長(zhǎng)達(dá)……（表時(shí)間）
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.
這對(duì)老夫婦已在這個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)里住了長(zhǎng)達(dá)50年。
as well/ as well as
as well 表示"也"，是副詞短語(yǔ)，用作狀語(yǔ)，通常放在句末，也可放在主語(yǔ)之后，相當(dāng)于too,但一般無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi).as well as 通常看作一個(gè)復(fù)合并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)成分相同的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，表示"既……又……，不但……而且……"當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學(xué)習(xí)讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字，他們也做游戲。
With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound.
利用電視,我們既能聽(tīng)到聲音,又能看到圖像.
Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.
湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂(lè)。
as;which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句異同
as, which 都能引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；
①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省去。如：
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn't.
But the studios(which)he started are still busy today,producing
more and more interesting films.
②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，一律不可省略。如：
Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語(yǔ)）
He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語(yǔ)）
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個(gè)年輕的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的。（as作主語(yǔ)）
The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報(bào)紙并非如主編原來(lái)所期望的那樣。（as作賓語(yǔ)）
(2)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as,which都可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，都不可省去。
①which從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞的用途、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。如：
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut
the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)
One of Charile Chaplin's most famous films was"The Gold Rush",which was made in 1925.(時(shí)間)
Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the
World's deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste
from a chemical factory.(特征)
②which從句還可表示說(shuō)話人的看法，也可對(duì)主句作意義上的補(bǔ)充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如：
He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門(mén)外語(yǔ)，這是不可能的。（說(shuō)話人看法，which代表賓語(yǔ)從句部分）
比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門(mén)外語(yǔ)，這使我們每個(gè)人都很驚訝。（補(bǔ)充主句，which 代表主句）
Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming. 樹(shù)葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來(lái)了。
③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有"正如"的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如：
The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-
eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長(zhǎng)江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們?cè)S多人（所做的那樣）對(duì)事實(shí)視而不見(jiàn)是愚蠢的。（as代表主語(yǔ)部分）
As we know, the earth is round. 我們知道，地球是圓的。
ask for 要求，請(qǐng)求
ask sb.for sth.向（某人）請(qǐng)求 （要求）……
She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.
at表示速度、價(jià)格、利率
at a high/low price以高價(jià)/;低價(jià)；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時(shí)40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①公司決定以較低的價(jià)格將這批電視賣(mài)掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets _ __ _ __ __ _ 。
②火車(chē)正以每小時(shí)
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .
Key:①at, a, low, price②at,a, speed,of
"at+名詞"表示"在進(jìn)行，從事"
at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學(xué);at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)；at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
[應(yīng)用]完成句子。
①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。
Don't make any noise while others are ______ ________.
②孩子們?cè)谟螒�，而他們的父母正在吃飯�?/p>
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.
Key:①at, work
②at,play,at,dinner
at last, in the end, finally
三者均有"最后、終于"的含義。
finally常用于動(dòng)詞之前，表示人們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)期待的某事最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了，也可指一系列事物或論點(diǎn)的順序。例如：
Ａfter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經(jīng)過(guò)三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。
Ｔhey talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談?wù)摿藥讉�(gè)小時(shí)，最后決定不去。
at last 有時(shí)可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈。例如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當(dāng)人們最終找到他時(shí)，他已經(jīng)奄奄一息了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過(guò)了考試。
in the end指經(jīng)過(guò)許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發(fā)生。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來(lái)一次夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。
at (the) least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at (the)most至多；最多。
-Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實(shí)際上他最多40歲。
-Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少50歲了。
at the beginning of 在……初（開(kāi)頭），可指時(shí)間與空間。如：
at the beginning of term 在學(xué)期開(kāi)始
at the beginning of the book 在那本書(shū)的開(kāi)頭
at the beginning 單獨(dú)用時(shí)間at first，也可說(shuō)in the beginning.
比較：at the end of 在……末（盡頭） at the end 在末尾處
in the end 最終，同at last in the middle of 在……中期
from beginning to end 從頭至尾
at the doctor's
該結(jié)構(gòu)為介詞+名詞所有格，意為"在診所"。所有格-'s后一般接名詞，如her mother's bike ,但有時(shí)這個(gè)名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面：
①指一個(gè)企業(yè)，機(jī)構(gòu)，教堂，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時(shí)。如：
She is at the hairdresser's.
②為了避免重復(fù)，省略-'s后的名詞。如：
I have read some of Shaw's plays,but none of Shakespeare's.
at the last moment在最后關(guān)頭
at the moment 此刻；正在那時(shí) for a moment片刻；一會(huì)兒for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)in a moment立刻，馬上
at the top of在……的頂部，上方
at the top of a mountain在山頂
She is (at)the top of her class in French.
at the top of one's voice高聲地，尖聲地
at war
該介賓詞組意思是"處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)"。在句中常作表語(yǔ)。如：
The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.
at, with, through表原因
三個(gè)介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽(tīng)到或看到的原因；with表示人體外部的原因；through 強(qiáng)調(diào)自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽(tīng)了這個(gè)消息而悲傷；be frightened at the sight看了那個(gè)情景而害怕；jump up with joy高興地跳了起來(lái)；turn red with anger氣得臉紅；shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發(fā)抖；with pleasure高興地；with pride 驕傲地；with satisfaction滿意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出錯(cuò)；be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒(méi)有任何罪過(guò)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，全國(guó)人民處于悲哀之中。
②孩子們高興地跳了起來(lái)。
③由于大意他犯了這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
②The children jumped up with joy.
③He made the mistake through his carelessness.
at work; out of work; after work
這三個(gè)以work為中心詞的介詞短語(yǔ)，在意思和用法上均不相同。
(1)at work表示"在工作、在上班"，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：
They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。
His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時(shí)出了事故。
(2)out of work表示"失業(yè)"，是介詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于lost one's job或be unemployed。例如：
If you don't work hard, you'll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會(huì)失業(yè)。
You'll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會(huì)失業(yè)的。
(3)after work表示"下班后"，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：
What do you usually do after work?下班后你經(jīng)常干什么？
I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過(guò)劉先生。
attempt
(1)n.嘗試；企圖。
①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學(xué)滑雪。
②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。
(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。
①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。
②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。
12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內(nèi)；不牽涉進(jìn)去。
①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。
②Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭(zhēng)吵。
attention 短語(yǔ)
pay attention to sth. 注意某事
draw one's attention(to sth.) 引起某人的注意
be worth one's attention 值得某人注意
bring one's attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事
average短語(yǔ)歸納
average 可用作名詞，表示"平均數(shù)，一般水平"，也可作形容詞，表示"平均的"。如：
the average of the pay 平均工資；above/below the average 平均以上/以下；
the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡；
the average temperature平均氣溫；
on(an,the)average平均起來(lái)
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這個(gè)廠的工人平均每月收入700元。
_________ _________，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan
every month.
②他的功課一般以上。
He is_________ _________ in his lessons.
Key: ①On, average ②above, average
awake,wake
①awake用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表示"叫醒，喚醒；醒來(lái)"；而wake表示相同意義時(shí)，必須與up連用，對(duì)比：
The noise awoke me./The noise woke me up.
嗓音把我鬧醒。
She usually awakes at six in the morning./She usually wakes up at six in the morning.她通常早上6點(diǎn)醒。
注意：awake 不與up連用；wake up 的賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)必須置于兩個(gè)詞之間。誤：wake up him正：wake him up
②awake 還可用作形容詞，只用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，不能用作前置定語(yǔ)。其反義詞是 asleep.如：
Is he awake or asleep?他睡著了還是醒著？
Anyone awake heard the sound.任何醒著的人都聽(tīng)到了那個(gè)聲音。
注意：wide/fully awake 完全醒著；sound/fast/deeply asleep熟睡
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他母親在他的旁邊。
When he_______,his mother was beside him.
②我徹夜未眠，一直在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
I have lain_______all night thinking of the problem.
③他突然醒了，好象有人叫他的名字。
He ________ ________suddenly,as if someone had called his name.
④她睡著的時(shí)候誰(shuí)也叫不醒他。
No one can_______ _______ ________when she is asleep.
Key:①awoke ②awake ③woke up ④wake,her,up
battle, war, fight, struggle
war指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的總體；battle指war中的戰(zhàn)斗或戰(zhàn)役；fight指具體的人與人之間或動(dòng)物之間的爭(zhēng)斗；struggle指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、激烈的爭(zhēng)斗，多指肉體、精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。對(duì)比：
We have had two world wars in this century.本世紀(jì)已有兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。
They were wounded in the battle.他們?cè)趹?zhàn)斗中受了傷。
We have started a fight against pollution. 我們已開(kāi)始了一場(chǎng)消除污染的斗爭(zhēng)。
His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艱苦的斗爭(zhēng)。
[應(yīng)用]英譯漢
①in time of war ②be at war
③declare war on… ④fight a battle
⑤give/offer battle ⑥have a hand-to-hand fight
Key:①戰(zhàn)時(shí) ②交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
③對(duì)……宣戰(zhàn) ④打一仗 挑戰(zhàn)
⑤肉搏戰(zhàn)
伴隨狀語(yǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過(guò)去分詞
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.
本句有三個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，looking 部分為伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
例題 1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.
A．making B. made
答案：B.此題有and ，需連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所填詞的形式應(yīng)與前后保持一致。
2) He sat there in silence, _______sad and doing nothing.
A. looking B. looked
答案：A.此題and 之后ing形式，其前面也應(yīng)該用ing形式，而不能與前面的sat并列。
3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.
A.doing B.did
答案：A.此題才是在逗號(hào)之后，需要伴隨狀誤。
4)He set out early, ________ there on time .
A.arriving B. and arrived
答案：B.此題兩種選項(xiàng)從形式看都有可能，但根據(jù)意思看，"到達(dá)"并不伴隨"出發(fā)"的動(dòng)作，而是明顯地有先有后。
5)He made a smile, _____ with the result.
A. satisfying B. satisfied
答案：B.伴隨狀語(yǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過(guò)去分詞，此處表示"感到滿意"的一種狀態(tài)，而satisfying表示令人滿意的，此時(shí)的satisfied是過(guò)去分詞，而不是過(guò)去式。
be about to do sth. 正要、即將做某事。是將來(lái)時(shí)的一種表達(dá)方式，表示最近的將來(lái)。
①I(mǎi) was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)他打來(lái)了電話。
②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到湯姆，他正要上汽車(chē)。
注意：be about to 通常不用于帶有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子，但可用be going to 表示。
①Hurry up! They are about to start.快點(diǎn)！他們就要走了。
②Hurry up! They are going to start at 10 o'clock.快點(diǎn)！10點(diǎn)鐘他們就要走了。
be ahead of
該詞組有兩層意思，一是"優(yōu)于"，"超過(guò)"；二是"比……早"，"在……的前面"。如：
He is well ahead of all the other students in English.
be angry with sb.生某人的氣。
be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。
①Don't be angry with me for my being late?不要因?yàn)槲疫t到而生我的氣。
②What are you angry about?你生什么氣？
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久，他很生氣。
be certain…; be sure
be uncertain about意思是"對(duì)……不確定（沒(méi)把握）"
uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是"確信的，有把握的"，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth."肯定會(huì)做……"（表示某事將要發(fā)生）。如：
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth."確信、有把握"（表示某個(gè)人的思想狀態(tài)）。如：
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.
be different from與……不同
Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。
對(duì)比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。
be familiar with,be familiar to
be familiar with的主語(yǔ)是有生命的事，意為"某人對(duì)人、事熟悉"；be familiar to 的主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的事物，意為"某人/事為某人所熟悉"，對(duì)比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許多外國(guó)人所熟悉。
I'm not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對(duì)歐洲歷史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to 還表示"精通、通曉"
如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語(yǔ)就象對(duì)英語(yǔ)一樣精通。
[應(yīng)用] 一句多譯
①這些事實(shí)是每個(gè)學(xué)生都熟悉的。
②她精通4種語(yǔ)言。
Key:
①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.
②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.
be filled with = be full of 充滿，裝滿 如：
The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里裝滿了水。
注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此處filled 表示"充滿了的"指處于一種狀態(tài)。
比較：be crowded with 擠滿的，與be filled with 有所不同。如：
The room is crowded with guests.房間里擠滿了客人。
此外，fill作為動(dòng)詞可用其主動(dòng)形式，亦可構(gòu)成另外短語(yǔ)。如：
Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子裝滿沙子。
Fill in the blanks .填空。
be full of…→be filled with…充滿…
①The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。
②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。
be likely to 易于……；有可能的.
后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，往往用在一時(shí)的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.
如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我會(huì)感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you?
那本雜志對(duì)你有吸引力嗎？
be of…結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)
(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大�。╯ize）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價(jià)格（price）、意見(jiàn)（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類(lèi)（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，of表示"具有"之意，有時(shí)可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個(gè)兒。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當(dāng)我是你這個(gè)年齡時(shí)，我當(dāng)老師了。
These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。
注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如：
The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個(gè)男孩同齡。
These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。
(2)be of + 物質(zhì)名詞，表示主語(yǔ)是由某材料制成或某成分構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.這項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)遣Ａе频摹?/p>
The bridge is (built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構(gòu)筑的。
Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多個(gè)學(xué)生。
(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示"具有、具備"等意思，of不能省，這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于be+該抽象名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)是很有幫助的。
In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實(shí)上體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是很有價(jià)值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.這書(shū)對(duì)我們無(wú)用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要。
因此，根據(jù)上述(1),(2)點(diǎn)可以看出，課文句中第一個(gè)be of 結(jié)構(gòu)表示"具有"，第二個(gè)be of(承前省去be)表示"由……制成的"。全句漢語(yǔ)意思為："硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成。"
be on
on 表明所處的狀態(tài)，意為"為……工作，在……服務(wù)"可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替換。
I'm on the school team.我屬于校隊(duì)。
She is on Times newspaper.她在時(shí)代報(bào)社工作。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.
Key: ①are,on ②is, on
be out; put out
be out 指"（燈、火）熄滅"，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 put out 意為"熄滅、撲滅" ，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：
Is the fire out ?
Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.
be remembered as…作為……而被人們懷念
He will always be remembered as a national hero.
be seated
意為"坐下"（=sit down）,是正式用語(yǔ)，而sit down是非正式用語(yǔ)。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.
be up to
to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。這一短語(yǔ)有以下幾個(gè)常用意思：
（1）從事于、忙于，有時(shí)含有"密謀干壞事"之意。如：
What is he up to now?他現(xiàn)在在干什么？
He is up to no good.他沒(méi)干好事。
（2）由……負(fù)責(zé)，常用It作主語(yǔ)。如：
It's up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。
It's up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應(yīng)盡力幫助他們。
（3）勝任、適于。如：
He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。
（4）直到、以至。如：
up to now 直到現(xiàn)在
Between the hours of midnight and
because;because of
二者均表示"因?yàn)?quot;，區(qū)別是：
because是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；而because of是一個(gè)合成介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句組成介詞短語(yǔ)。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因?yàn)橄掠辏且驗(yàn)槲依哿恕?/p>
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。
become experienced at對(duì)……有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的
be experienced in
He's very experienced in money matters.
experience n.經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)（in(of)/doing）
My father has ten year's experience in teaching.
beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beeline）
（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.
會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you'd better make a beeline for them.
如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.
孩子們直接走向博物館。
believe in（=trust/trust in）信賴(lài)；信任；信仰
Tom is honest. I believe in him.
湯姆很誠(chéng)實(shí)，我信賴(lài)他。
He doesn't believe in anybody in the world.
在這個(gè)世界上，他不相信任何人。
We believe in socialism.
我們信仰社會(huì)主義。
①We believe in Marxism.
②You can believe in him.
③We believe in our government.
對(duì)比：believe sb.相信某人的話是真的。
I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.
盡管他經(jīng)常撒謊，可這次我相信他的話是真的。
belong to屬于
無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。下列單詞和詞組也無(wú)被動(dòng)形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.這所房子歸他所有。
The book belongs to my deskmate.
這本書(shū)是我同位的。
besides
作為副詞，意思是"還有，而且"（moreover），常放在句首。如：
I don 't want to go out for a walk. Besides, I'm feeling tired.
beyond,prep.
（場(chǎng)所）在（向）……的一邊，越過(guò)……，（程度）超出；（時(shí)間），超過(guò)（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.
②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.
blow
①用作動(dòng)詞，表示"吹風(fēng)，刮風(fēng)"。如：
blow hard(strongly)風(fēng)刮得很大；blow away the leaves吹走樹(shù)葉；blow down(over)trees 把樹(shù)刮倒；blow in much dust吹進(jìn)灰塵；blow off one's hat吹掉帽子；blow out the candle吹滅蠟燭；blow open(風(fēng)吹)開(kāi)；blow up爆炸
②用作名詞，表示"打擊，一擊"。如：be a great blow to sb.對(duì)某人是個(gè)巨大的打擊；give sb.a heavy blow on the head重重地打某人的頭。
【應(yīng)用】完成句子
①他妻子之死對(duì)他是一大打擊。
His wife's death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.
②我那頂帽子被風(fēng)吹掉了。
I _______my hat __________ ___________.
③風(fēng)刮得厲害，門(mén)吹開(kāi)了。
The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.
④戰(zhàn)士們把敵人的大橋炸毀了。
The soldiers __________ __________the enemy's bridge.
Key:①a ,great, blow, to ②had, blown, off
③blowing, hard, blew, open ④blew, up
block
①用作名詞，意為"塊；街區(qū)；阻塞。"如：
a block of ice/stone/wood 一大塊冰/石頭/木頭；two blocks兩個(gè)街區(qū)；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。
②用作動(dòng)詞，表示"阻塞，阻攔"。如：
be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路標(biāo))此路不通！
【應(yīng)用】完成句子
①道路被人群擠得水泄不通。
The road_______ _______with crowds of people.
②那家旅館同這里隔著兩條街。
The hotel is __________ _________ __________.
③他們用石塊將洞口堵住。
They ________ (up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.
④有人在妨礙我們實(shí)施計(jì)劃。
Someone is _________our plan.
Key:①was, blocked ②two, blocks,away
③blocked ④blocking
倍數(shù)的表示法
1）…times as…as"……是……的幾倍"；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。
2）…times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+that:
The new building is four times higher than the old one.新樓比舊樓高4倍。
3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月亮大小的49倍。
The ball is twice the width of our classroom.舞廳是我們教室寬度的2倍。
4）…times+what從句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現(xiàn)在的生產(chǎn)是10年前的3倍。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①After the new technique was introduced,the factory
produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET'90)
A．a(chǎn)s twice many B.as many twiceC.twice as many D.twice many as
②The population of China is_____than that of America.
A.larger five times B.five times larger C.five times as D.as five times
Key:①C ②B
begin(…)with…從……開(kāi)始（…）
①Knowledge begins with practice.知識(shí)來(lái)自實(shí)踐。
②Let's begin(this unit) with the words and expressions.咱們從單詞和短語(yǔ)
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