科目 英語
年級 高三
文件 high3 unit10.doc
標題 The Trick (計謀)
章節 第十單元
關鍵詞 高三英語第十單元
內容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
■ 大綱規定的單元日常核心交際用語指南
Prediction , Conjecture and Belief (預見、猜測和相信)
● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套語
1. I guess she's gone to visit some friends in another town . 我想她是去另一個城鎮拜訪朋友去了。
2. That's possible , but we can't be sure . 那有可能，但我們不能確定。
3. Something may have happened to her . 很可能他發生了啥事。
4. She might have + done … 她有可能已經……
She might have left for holiday . 她有可能去度假了。
5. She must have + done …
She must have gone to the public library . 她一定是去公共圖書館了。
6. It seems that … 好象……
It seems that she has known the examination marks . 好象她已經知道了考試的結果。
7. It looks as if … 好象……
It looks as if the boy is anxious about his sick father . 那個男孩好象很為有病的父親擔憂。
8. Obviously she's gone somewhere to stay . 很顯然她去別的某個地放了。
9. I 'm sure … 我可以肯定地是……
I 'm sure that you will be given a warm welcome . 你放心，你肯定能受到熱烈的歡迎的。
10. In actual fact , I think you're right . 實際上， 我倒認為你是對的。
11. I can't guess how much it costs . 我猜不出要多少錢。
12. Can you guess his age ?
13. He must come from the northwest . 他一定是來自西北。
14. You must be joking ! 你一定是在開玩笑 ！
15. They must have arrived by plane . 他們一定是乘飛機來的。
16. I seem to have caught a cold . 我似乎得了感冒。
17. It seems that he's not in at the moment . 他現在好象不在家里。
18. There seems no need to grow now . 現在似乎沒有必要去了。
19. It appears to be endless . 似乎沒有止境。
20. You appear to have travelled quite a lot . 你似乎去過了不少的地方。
21. It appeared that she had a taste for music . 她似乎很喜歡音樂。
22. I believe it to be true . 我相信這是真的。
23. I don't believe that it matters too much . 我認為這事關系不大。
24. There seems to be a good film tonight .
25. It seems that the petrol prices will increase this summer .
26. He can't have saved much money . 他不可能節約了很多的錢。
27. It's obvious that we are running out of our food . 很顯然我們的食物快用完了。
● Model Dialogues 交際示范
A：Excuse me , Where are you from ?
B：Can you guess ?
A：You must come from Australia , don't you ?
B：Yes , I do . How did you guess ?
A：The way you speak ! Which part of Australia are you from ?
B：Plumtree . That's a small village near Sydney .
A：Hello . May I speak to Mr Wu ?
B：Sorry he has gone to Guangzhou .
A：I saw him this morning . When did he leave ?
B：Twelve o'clock . He must have arrived by now .
A：Oh , what a pity ! When will he be back ?
B：It seems that he won't be back until next Wednesday .
A：Ok , thanks . Bye !
B：Bye !
■ 單元核心句型剖析
1. ( Lesson 37 ) It's not like her to have missed two days of classes .
一兩天不來上課，她不是這樣的人。
〖剖析〗It's (just) like sb to do sth “某人（恰恰）就是這個樣子”，表示表揚或者不滿，其否定式則表示懷疑。如：
It's like him to leave the work to others . 他就是把工作推給別人的人。
It was like him to fail us at the last minute . 他就是這樣，在關鍵時刻讓我們失望。
It's just like her to think of others before thinking of herself . 她恰恰就是先人后己的人。
It isn't like him to have said anything like that .他可不是說出那種話的人。
It isn't like her to have spent so much money . 花掉這么多錢，我看這不像她做得出來的事。
◆ 下面兩句不一樣：It's not like her to have missed two days of classes .
一兩天不來上課，她不是這樣的人。（不上課的事已經發生）
It's not like her to miss two days of classes .
她不是那種兩天不來上課的人。（并未發生過不上課的事，只是泛泛而談）
◆ to have missed 是非謂語動詞的完成式，表示動作早已完成。是高考測試中的重要知識點。又如：
（1）It isn't like him to have told a lie to the manager . 他不是給經理撒謊的那種人吧。
（2）I'm glad to have seen your headmaster yesterday .
（3）He is said to have written a novel about the Long March . 據說他寫了一本關于長征的小說。
（4）They thought it a pity not to have invited them . 他們認為沒有邀請他們是令人遺憾的。
（5）I regretted to have missed such good chances . 我遺憾的是錯過了這些好機會。
2. （Lesson 39 ）The moment he entered the room , Bill fixed the chain across the door . 比爾一進入房間，就用鏈條把臥室的門扣上。
〖剖析〗這是復合句，其句型為：the + 時間名詞 + 時間從句 + 主句。the moment … 表示“一……就”，相當于 as soon as 。注意從句中常用一般現在時代替將來時。如：
We started the moment we got your telegram .
The moment I heard your voice I knew that you were very angry with me .
The moment he comes , let me know .
The moment you set foot on Chinese soil you will see what great changes have taken place in the past 5o years .
◆ 在中學英語中，一些名詞詞組具有連詞的作用，現歸納如下，供同學們學習參考。
◇ the + 瞬間名詞 (instant , moment , minute , etc . ) ，意為“一……就……”。例如：
The instant the result came out she told us about it . 結果一出來，她就告訴了我們。
The machine starts the moment the button is pressed . 一按電鈕，機器就開動了。
◇ the + 季節名詞 (spring , summer , autumn , winter)。例如：
He came back the autumn his sister got married . 他妹妹結婚的那年秋天他回來了。
Jack went to Beijing the winter his mother was ill . 他媽媽有病的那年冬天杰克去了北京。
◇ the + 序數詞 + time。例如：
The second time we met , he replied to a lot of questions . 我們第二次見面時，他回答了不少問題。
He came to see my mother the first time he came to London . 他第一次到倫敦就來看我母親。
◇ 不定代詞 each , every , any + time。例如：
Each time he came to Paris he would visit the museum . 他每次到巴黎都要去參觀那個博物館。
You're welcome to come back any time you want to . 你什么時候回來，我們都歡迎你。
◇ the + day , week , year……。例如：
He called on me the day he arrived . 他到的那天來看我了。
Tom didn't go to school the week the teacher was ill . 老師生病的那個星期，湯姆沒去上學。
◇ 其它詞組。例如：
I didn't see how he could act the way he did . 我不懂他怎么能那樣做。
He doesn't study hard the way his elder brother does . 他不像他哥哥那樣努力地學習。
■ 單元語法難點排除
直接引語變間接引語的 10 個注意點
本單元的語法要求是復習間接引語（Indirect Speech）和直接引語( Direct Speech )。同學們要通過本單元系統掌握表示請求或者命令的直接引語（祈使句）變成間接引語的方法。掌握當直接引語是一個陳述句時，在變成間接引語時應把這個陳述句變成由連詞 that 引導的賓語從句，并根據意思改變人稱和時態以及時間或者地點狀語。下面是必須靈活駕馭的知識要點：
〖注意點 1 〗直接引語到間接引語的時態有變化。如直接引語的現在完成時變成間接引語的過去完成時等。時態變化中應注意：
直接引語表述的是客觀真理時，間接引語中的時態不變。
Our teacher said , “The earth moves around the sun . ” →
Our teacher said that the earth moves around the sun .
直接引語是過去完成時，變間接引語時時態不變。
The boy said to his parents , “I had finished my homework before supper .”→
The boy told his parents that he had finished his homework before supper .
直接引語變成間接引語時，虛擬語氣不變。
“We wish we didn't have to take exams . ”said the children . →
The children said that they wished they didn't have to take exams .
〖注意點 2 〗 指示代詞、人稱代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞也有變化。如直接引語中的 now變為 間接引語的 then 等。
注意如果轉述發生在當地、當天的事，直接引語中的 come , here , today , this morning , yesterday , tomorrow 等不必改變。
He said , “I want this . ”→ He said that he wanted that .
He said , “I arrived yesterday morning .” → He said he had arrived the morning before .
He said , “I'll come here this evening .”→ He said he would come here this evening .
〖注意點 3 〗直接引語是陳述句，間接引語為 that 引導的賓語從句。
She said to me , “I'm studying Japanese these days .”→
She told me (that)she was studying Japanese those days .
〖注意點 4 〗 直接引語是一般疑問句時，間接引語為whether / if 引導的賓語從句。
Mr Howe asked , “Are you preparing for it ?”→
Mr Howe asked whether we were preparing for it .
如果是表示建議時可用 suggest / advise 來完成。
“Shall we meet at the theatre ?”he said . → He suggested that we should meet at the theatre . = He suggested meeting at the theatre .
〖注意點 5 〗 直接引語是特殊疑問句時，間接引語為連接代詞（副詞）引導的賓語從句。
He asked , “Which one do you like best ?”→ He asked which one you liked best .
〖注意點 6 〗 直接引語是反意疑問句時，間接引語為 whether / if 引導的賓語從句。
He asked , “You have succeeded , haven't you ?”→ He asked us if we had succeeded .
也可以將疑問部分的主語作間接引語中的賓語。
“Shut the door , will you ?”→ He told / asked me to shut the door .
〖注意點 7 〗 直接引語是祈使句時應把間接引語的句式改為 ask , tell , order 等+ 賓語 + 不定式。間接引語有時可以用 that 引導的賓語從句。以 let 開頭的祈使句變間接引語時要選用 suggest + ing ， suggest + that 從句，ask sb to do , advise sb to 。
The Party secretary said , “Let's do our best to win still greater victory .”→ The Party secretary advised that we should do our best to win still greater victory .
〖注意點 8 〗直接引語是感嘆句時可以用 what / how 引導。間接引語是祝愿時用 wish 。
“ How fast he runs ! ”he said . → He said how fast he ran . = He said that he ran very fast .
He said ,“Happy new year ! ”→ He wished me a happy new year .
〖注意點 9 〗 直接引語中有多種句式時，間接引語按照各自的句式轉換。
“I can hardly hear the radio .”he said .“Could you turn it up ?”→
He said he could hardly hear the radio and asked me to turn it up .
〖注意點 10 〗如果直接引語中后一句說明前一句的原因時，可以用 as 來替代第二句的引導詞。
“You'd better wear a coat . It's very cold outside .”he said .→
He advised me to wear a coat as it was very cold outside .
【指點迷津】
■ 單元重點新詞透視
1. pause 作名詞或者動詞是“ 中止，暫停”
He often paused in his speech . 他講演時常常停下來。
He made a short pause and then went on reading . 他停頓了一下，然后接著讀下去。
〖測試要點〗
(1) 辨析 pause 和 stop
pause 是短暫的中斷或停止。stop 是突然、斷然的終止。
He stopped talking with his friends . 他停止與朋友交談。（stop + ing 停止干）
He stopped to talk with his friends . 他停下來與朋友交談。（stop + to do 停下來干）
The foreign guests paused to look round the park . 那些外賓在公園里停下來看看四周。
He began to speak but suddenly stopped .
The speaker paused for breath .
Jane paused to look into a shoe window . 簡停下腳步，看一看櫥窗。
（2）詞組：at pause 中止，停頓。make a pause 停頓一下。without a pause 沒有休息。pause on / upon 在……停頓一下。
2. aloud 大聲地；出聲地
She cried aloud for help . 她大聲呼救。
Read the text aloud please . 請朗讀課文。
〖測試要點〗辨析 aloud , loud , loudly
aloud 強調發出的聲音雖然不一定很大，但能聽得見，不是竊竊私語。aloud 沒有比較級。
He read the letter aloud .
He reads the story aloud to his young son . 他朗讀那篇故事給他小兒子聽。
He laughed loudly . 他大笑起來。
think （out） aloud 自言自語
She has a good pronunciation when she reads aloud .
loud 作副詞 = loudly ,“響亮地，大聲地，高聲地” 但強調發出的音量大，傳得遠的聲音，一般多用于動詞 speak , talk , laugh , read 等的后面。loud 還作形容詞，有比較級和最高及。
In order to be heard , the teacher speaks loud and clear .
We shouted as loud / loudly as we could . = We shouted at the top of our voices / lungs .
Speak louder , please . I can't hear you .
You are talking too loud .
He told us that in a loud voice .
All of us dislike loud music .
Will you please speak a little louder ?
loudly 作副詞是“響亮地”，強調“喧囂”之意。
Suddenly , the bell on the wall rang loudly .
Someone knocked loudly at the door .
The bomb exploded loudly (= with a loud noise ) .
3. fear 作名詞或者動詞“害怕，恐懼，擔憂”
She feared for the little boy's safety .
There is no fear of his losing his way . 他不會迷路的。
I fear that I am late . = I'm afraid that I am late .
I have a fear that we will be late . = I'm afraid we will be late .
〖測試要點〗
(1) 用于簡略回答中。
―Is she going to die ?
― I fear so . 恐怕如此。
A: Will he get well ?
B: I fear not . 恐怕不會好了。
(2) for fear (that) 由于害怕，生怕，以免。后跟的從句中用情態動詞 might , would , should 。
I took an umbrella with me for fear (that) it should rain . 我因為怕下雨而帶雨傘去。
4. aircraft 飛機；航空器（包括飛機、直升機、滑翔機、飛艇、熱氣球等）；飛艇
The airline has ordered 25 new aircraft . 這家航空公司定購了 25 架飛機。
〖測試要點〗
aircraft 是集合名詞，單復數一樣。在測試中必須注意不要在其后加 -s 。
by aircraft 用航空器（注意中間不要加 the ），相當于 by plane , by air , by airplane , by aeroplane 。
5. flight 樓梯的一段。
He lives two flights up . 他住的地方還要再上兩段樓梯。
She fell down a flight of stairs . 她從一段樓梯上摔了下來。
〖測試要點〗辨析 flight 和 stair
flight 是“一段樓梯”。stair 是“一層后臺階”。可見 flight 范圍大于 stair，也就是說，flight 是由一層一層的stair 組成。另外，flight 還作“飛行，飛翔，航班，射程”講。
How long is the flight to New York ?
She took the two o'clock flight to Chicago . 她搭兩點飛往芝加哥的航班。
Did you have a good flight ? 這躺飛機還好吧 ？
The flight of stairs wants repairing .
His room is three flights up . 他的房間在 3 段樓梯上面。
■ 單元重點詞組掃瞄
1. be worried about 為……發愁，焦急，擔心
He was worried about / over her health .
2. turn up 出現；向上翻；扭亮燈，開大音量
He promised to come but hasn't turned up yet . 他答應來，但還沒有露面。
She turned her nose up at the idea . 她對這個主意翹起了鼻子。（表示蔑視）
He turned up the ends of his trousers . 他卷起了褲腿。
Please turn up the radio a little . It's too low .
Something unexpected may have turned up .
〖測試要點〗會辨析使用由 turn 構成的詞組：
turn against 背叛。turn away from 把臉從……轉過來。turn back 折回，把……逐回。turn down翻下衣領，調小，關小。turn in 歸還，遞交。turn off 關掉。turn on 打開。turn over 翻倒,仔細考慮。turn to 轉向，求助于。by turns = in turn(s) 輪流，依次。take turns at +doing 輪流干。
We take turns at cooking . = We cook by turns .
They sang on the stage in turn .
We drove the car by turns . = We took turns at driving the car .
The key you lost has turned up . 你遺失的鑰匙已經找到。
I turned to him for advice .
A big wave turned over the fishing boat .
It turned out that two passengers had been killed .
Everything turned out well . 一切順遂。
Don't turn on the TV now .
Turn off the lights before you go out .
Please turn down the television .
We had better turn back now , for it is getting dark .
She turned away and cried .
Nothing can make me turn against my company .
3. at least = at the least 至少
The food wasn't good but at least it was cheap .
注意區別：not in the least 一點也不，絲毫不。
He is not in the least angry .
4. What / How + about … 干……怎么樣？……好嗎 ？
How / What about a cup of coffee ?
〖測試要點〗What / How about 后可接名詞 （或者動名詞、代詞）
How / What about taking a walk ?
How about going to Qingdao for our holidays ?
Some of them have gone . How about the others ?
What about us having a break under the tree ?
5. in actual fact = in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact = actually 其實，事實上
I thought she was six , but in actual fact , she's only four .
1. pick up 得到，獲得，收聽到，拾起，中途讓某人上車
This kind of radio can pick up the programmes broadcasting by BBC. 這種收音機接受 BBC電臺的節目比較容易。
He had picked it up from a research station in the desert the day before . 這是他前一天從沙漠地區的研究所取來的。
2. glance over = glance ( one's eyes ) over 隨便看一看，瀏覽 。
Oh , he didn't study it . He only glanced over it . 噢，他沒有研究過它，只粗略地看了一看。
glance over 有時相當于 look over , glance through。在課文中的 … then glanced over his shoulder before continuing down the street . (然后他回頭望了望，就又沿街走去。)
最好一段中的 glance at 為“對……瞥一眼”。He glanced at his watch once again .
3. have a sudden thought 突然想出一個主意
I still remember he had a sudden thought in time of danger . 我至今記得他當時在危險的緊急關頭想出了辦法。
have … thought of / about 有……的辦法，有……想法，有……打算
I had no thought of hurting his feeling . 我無意傷害他的感情。
I had some thoughts of going to the countryside . 我想到鄉下去。
Have you got any thoughts about next weekend ? 你下周有啥打算 ？
4. in a flash 瞬息，剎那間
In a flash he remembered everything and a plan began to form in his mind .
An idea formed in my mind in a flash . 我腦子里閃出一個想法。
5. hold out 伸出，拿出
He held out his hand and stopped a taxi . 他伸手攔了一輛出租車。
6. on one's arrival ……一到達
On his arrival he went straight to the counter . 他一到達就徑直向服務臺走去。
7. in uniform 身著制服
Do you know the man in uniform over there ? 你認識那邊身著制服的人嗎 ？
8. appear calm 外表顯得很鎮靜（注意這里 appear 是系動詞，故后接形容詞 calm ，不要用 calmly ）
9. with fear 害怕地
10. have a look around = look around = look about = look round 環顧四周
11. follow sb upstairs 跟某人上樓 (注意upstairs 為副詞，其前不要加 to ）。又如：go upstairs / downstairs
12. break into 非法進入，破門而入；闖入
We had to break into the room as we had lost the key .
This box looks as if it's been broken into . 看來這箱子有人撬過。
13. walk over to 走到……處
14. by name 名叫；指名道性地
The assistant , Tom by name , is asking to see you . 一個名叫湯姆的售貨員要求見你。
He call call all his students by name . 他能叫出所有學生的名字。
by the name of 名叫，以……身份
A friend of mine by the name of Mike will be your manager . 我的一個名叫邁克的朋友要成為你們的經理。
15. walk around 在……隨便轉轉
16. with sunglasses = wear sunglasses 戴著墨鏡
17. smile to oneself 暗自微笑
The man with the beard smiled to himself .
Bill smiled to himself and began to feel less anxious .
I saw Mary smile to herself as she read the funny article .
注意類似的表達還有： think to oneself 暗想，say to oneself 自言自語。
18. take the lift to the fourth floor 乘電梯到四樓
19. get in a taxi 上出租車。get out of a taxi 下出租車。
20. say one's name aloud 大聲說出某人的名字
1. make a lot of money 賺一大筆錢
2. for a moment 一下子，片刻，一會兒
注意：for the moment 目前，暫時
3. get on the aircraft to 乘飛機去……
4. It is perfect for 對……妙極了
5. force sth open 強行打開
注意：open 作賓補。如：The boxes of precious stones were forced open . 一箱箱寶石被強行打開。
6. break off 打斷，折斷，突然停止，休息，絕交
He broke off a branch and gave it to me .
Tom broke off telling the story to answer the telephone . 湯姆講故事時突然停下來，去接電話。
She broke off with her best friend . 她與自己最好的朋友斷絕了往來。
Let's break off for ten minutes . = Let's have a rest for ten minutes .
7. a flight of twelve stairs 一節 12 級臺階
8. turn round / about 轉身，轉向
They turned round and stood in the middle of the room , completely astonished .
9. lead up to 向上通到……
10. be curious about 對……好奇
11. escape from 從……逃離
12. make a telephone call to 給……打電話
13. play a trick on 給……開玩笑
14. be ashamed of 對……感到慚愧
15. as busy as a bee 忙忙碌碌
16. a flash of lightning 一道閃電
17. be supposed to do 應該干 ……
1. not do any shopping 不買任何東西
2. send a telegram to sb 給某人發電報
3. shake with fear 嚇得直哆嗦
二、學海導航
【學法指要】
●從單元中詞匯中的“靜”說起
第 28 課中出現了 calm (鎮靜的，沉著的)，除calm 表達漢語“靜”外還有：quiet , silent , peaceful 和 still。現就其用法歸納如下：
1. 形容天氣的“溫和”、“平靜”、“寂靜”時，這四個詞基本通用。如：
a calm day 平靜的日子，a quiet night 寂靜之夜，a silent , moonless night 一個寂靜、沒有月亮的夜晚
2. 形容湖、海、洋的“平靜”用 calm , quiet 和 still。如：
The sea is very calm . 海面很平靜。
The high wind passed and the sea was calm again . 大風過后，海又平靜下來。
The waters of the lake were quiet yesterday . 昨天湖面平靜。
Still waters run deep . 靜水流深。
3. 形容人的“冷靜”、“鎮靜”用calm。如：
Keep calm ! 冷靜點!
He is always calm even in times of trouble .
He seemed to be calm , but that deceived nobody . 他看上去是一副鎮靜模樣，但其實誰也騙不了。
4. 形容人的“靜默”用 quiet , silent。如：
He remained quiet throughout the meeting . 整個會議期間他保持沉默。
5. 形容人的性情溫和、文靜用 quiet。含沒有明顯的運動和聲音。如：
a quiet girl 文靜的女孩
My parents are quiet people . They never go out in the evening . 父母愛靜，晚上從不外出。
This hospital lies in a quiet street .
6. 形容人“靜止”用 still。still 含寂然不動，鴉雀無聲。如：
Please stand still while I take your picture . 我為你拍照時，請站好別動。
Right now you need to stay still . 現在你需要靜靜地呆著。
The boy couldn't keep still in the doctor's chair . 孩子在醫生的椅子上一刻也坐不住。
7. 表達“安靜”，quiet , silent , still 都能用。如：
Be quiet / silent . 請安靜。
a quiet room 安靜的房間
The audience was quite still . 全場聽眾幾乎鴉雀無聲。
The town was still in the early hours of the morning . 清晨時刻整個城鎮靜靜的。
The building was usually very quiet . 那樓通常很安靜。
體會下面表人時他們之間的區別：
They stood calm ( quiet , silent , still ). 他們鎮靜地（安靜地、默不作聲地、一動不動地）站著。
● 當心試題中的“分離現象”
解題時，經常會遇到這類題目，原句式結構或動詞短語等被某些成份分離，或出于語法上的需要而使其從原結構中分離出來，從而增強了試題的干擾性，加大了試題的難度。碰到此題目時，不能被其表面現象所迷惑，必須從句子的整體結構去理解，看清試題的本來面目。
◇ 主謂被分隔造成謂語動詞的誤用。
在主謂之間加入一個介詞短語或一個從句，往往會使考生誤把介詞賓語作為主語或把從句中謂語當成主句謂語，造成謂語動詞的誤用。如：
All but one ____ here just now .
A . is B . was C . has been D . were
該題答案為D，但考生往往把 one 看作主語，誤選B。
The day we looked forward to ____ at last .
A . come B . came C . coming D . comes
由于把人句中 looked forward to 看作謂語，故錯選了C。實際上本句是缺少謂語，應選B。
◇ 從句被狀語分隔，造成關系詞與連詞的誤用，或由于行文需被分隔造成錯誤。
在先行詞與定語從句之間加入一個時間狀語或地點狀語，易使考生誤把地點或時間當成先行詞而誤用關系詞。同位語從句與其同位的名詞被分隔，易造成連詞的誤用。如：
I met the teacher in the street yesterday ____ taught me English three years ago .
A . which B . when C . where D . who
若把 yesterday 誤當作先行詞，會導致錯選B，而其實 teacher 是先行詞，應選D。
The news has come from Beijing , ____ an important meeting is being held there .
A . where B . in that C . that D . which
若把 Beijing 看成先行詞，則會導致其后面的從句誤看作定語從句而錯選A。實際上逗號后的句子是 news 的同位語從句，答案應為C。客中結構是為了保持句子的平衡。
◇ 習語中間插入其他詞造成分隔，導致用詞搭配錯誤如：
We waited ____ line for the bus .
A . for B . in C . on D . with
此句易受習語 wait for 的影響而誤選A，其實句中 wait for 已被分隔，應選B。
◇ 因倒裝而引起的分隔造成謂語動詞的誤用。
有些倒裝句易使考生誤判句子主語而錯用了謂語動詞。如：
At that time on it ____ 2200 people .
A . was B . is C . are D . were
若把 it 看成主語，則會誤選A。其實主語為 people , 應選D。
◇ 其他分隔引起的錯誤。如：
We'll do all we can ____ them .
A . help B . to help C . helped D . have helped
由于定語從句用了省略形式，往往把 can 當成從句謂語的一部分，導致誤選A。其實這是不定式用作目的狀語，應選B。
◇ 定語從句中的分離現象
There are 800 students in the playground of our school , 55% ____ are girls .
A . of them B . in them C . of which D . of whom
此題考查的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞和定語從句被地點狀語分隔開來，故選D。若此題改逗號為分號，則應選A，因為分號表示前后兩句意義上相互聯系，結構上相對獨立。
He is one of those students who , I am sure , always do ____ best .
A . his B . their C . my D . one's
從表面上看答案似乎是C，但如果注意到前面的 who , 答案就明確了。此題定語從句中的關系代詞 who 和謂語動詞 do 被 I am sure 分隔開來了。因此正確答案為B。
◇ 連鎖疑問句中的分離現象
____ would you say ____ be done ?
A . Why , it should B . Why , should it
C . What , should it D . How , that it should
此題不少學生錯選D。原因是不了解此結構是連鎖疑問句。其結構為“疑問詞+一般問句+特殊問句的其余部分”，往往用來征詢對某一疑問點的判斷、認識、看法、猜度等。在這種問句中一般問句部分常見的動詞有 think , guess , say , suppose , hope , imagine , believe等。此題中疑問詞被移至句首，故選A。
― I haven't heard from him for a long time .
― What do you suppose ____ to him ?
A . was happening B . to happen C . has happened D . had happened
粗心者十有八九會選B。實質上此題也是一種連鎖疑問句，特殊問句中的 what 移至句首。該句強調的是過的動作對現在造成的影響，因此用現在完成時，故選C。
◇ 動詞短語中的分離現象
If better use is ____ your space time , you'll make greater progress in that .
A . spent B . taken C . made of D . used for
此題正確答案為C。乍一看，選C似乎不可思議，認為“be made of”應是“由……制成”之意。實質上此題考查的是短語“make use of”的用法，use 從原結構中分離出來充當條件句中的主語，因此謂語動詞用被動式。
What idea can a man who is blind from birth have ____ colour ?
A . of B . in C . for D . with
不少學生誤選B，認為“在顏色這方面”。其實此題考查的是“have (some , little , no…)idea of”結構。其中 who is blind from birth 是修飾 a man 的定語從句。該句中的“what idea”是疑問詞被移至句首，故選A。
◇ 不定式復合結構中的分離現象
Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A . written B . writing C . write D . to writer
做此題時，首先要理清句子結構，理解 have 的確切含義， have 在此句中意為“請(讓、叫)”。該句考查的是“have sb . do sth . ”結構，have 的受動賓語疑問詞 who 被移至句首，故選C。
Whom had you better ____ it ?
A . to let do B . let to do C . to let to do D . let do
此題考查兩種結構的用法：1 . had better do sth . ; 2 . let sb . do sth . 。此題題意為“你最好讓誰做這件事呢 ? ”let 的受動賓語 whom 移到了句首，故選D。
◇ 主謂一致中的分離現象
Everybody in our country , men and women , old and young , ____ sports and games .
A . enjoy B . were enjoying C . enjoys D . are enjoying
此題主語和謂語被同位語分隔了。同位語對主語只起修飾、解釋、說明的作用，不影響 everybody 的單數性質，故此題選C。
Miss Green as well as Mr and Mrs Green ____ devoted ____ spare time to the research work .
A . has ; her B . have ; their C . have ; her D . has ; their
此題正確答案為A。當主語后面跟 as well as , with , together with , but , including , besides 等連接的名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞和其前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數方面保持一致。
【妙文賞析】
科普系列閱讀 （二）
◆ Rockets in the Sky
What is the sky ? Where is it ? How high is it ? What lies above the sky ? I am sure that you have asked questions like these . They are very difficult to answer , aren't they ?
Perhaps we can answer some of these questions now . What is the sky ? It is vast space . Where is the sky ? It is all around the world . In the sky there is the sun , the moon , and all the stars .
Scientists have always wanted to know more about space . They use telescopes to obtain information . But this is not enough . So they want to send men to some of the other worlds in space .
The moon is the nearest heavenly body to the earth . An airplane cannot fly to the moon , because the air only reaches a height of 240 kilometres . Then there is no air . But a rocket can fly even when there is on air .
A rocket is made of metal there is a hot gas inside it . When it rushes out of the end of the rocket , the rocket is pushed up into the air .
Rockets can fly far out into space . Rockets have already taken men to the moon . One day they may be able to go anywhere in space.
NOTES : ⑴ vast adj . 廣闊 ⑵ obtain v . 獲得
EXERCISES: 請回答下列問題
⑴ What is the sky and where is it ?
⑵ In order to know more about space , what did scientists do ?
⑶ Why can't we fly to the moon in an airplane ?
⑷ what pushes a rocket up into the air ?
⑸ Can we be sure men will be able to go anywhere in space one day ?
〖譯文與答案〗
空中火箭
天空是什么？它在哪兒？它有多高？天空的上方存在著什么？我確信你問過類似這樣的問題。這些問題是很難回答的，不是嗎？
或許現在我們能夠回答這些問題中的一些。天空是什么？它是廣闊的空間。天空在哪里？它遍及全球。天空中有太陽、月亮以及所有的星星。
科學家們總是想更多地了解太空。他們用望遠鏡來獲取信息，但這是不夠的。因此他們要把人送到太空中的其他星球上去。
月球是離地球最近的天體。飛機不能飛到月球上去，是因為飛機只能到達 24 萬米的高度，再往上就沒有空氣了，但火箭即便在無空氣時也能飛行。
火箭由金屬制成，里成有一種熱的氣體，氣體從火箭末端沖出來時，火箭被推向空中。
火箭能夠飛出地球進入太空。火箭已經載人到了月球。會有那么一天，它們也許能夠進入太空的任何地方。
答案：⑴ The sky is vast space and it is all around the world . ⑵ They used telephones to obtain information and they wanted to send men to some of the other worlds in space . ⑶ Because the air only reaches a height of 240 kilometres , then there's no air . ⑷ A rocket is made of metal . There's a hot gas inside it . When it rushes out of the end of the rocket , the rocket is pushed up into the air .
◆ Flying
Men have always wanted to fly like birds . Birds can fly easily because they are light , but men's bodies are heavier .
Men first went up into the air in balloons . These are big bags , and they are filled with gas . Hydrogen is a useful gas for balloons . It is lighter than air . Helium is also lighter than air , but it costs a lot of money . So balloons were (and are ) usually filled with hydrogen .
Balloons have to fly with the wind as they have no engines to drive them against it . Later , men made airships . These were balloons with engines , but they were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because the hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it . Then the airship was completely burnt in a few seconds .
Aircraft with wings now take people across the world . Powerful engines drive these machines across the sky . Some of the engines are like the engines of cars , but they are more powerful .
There is another kind of engine which we call the jet engine . An English engineer invented the jet engine . In May 1942 his new engine was fixed in an aircraft , and the aircraft flew quite well . At the same time he Germans were also building a jet engine ; but neither country told the other , of course .
Jet engines are very powerful . Usually two , three or four are enough for an aeroplane ; but some big aircraft have six . Anyone in a moving jet plane can feel the power of the engines . Jet planes can travel faster than sound (Sound travels at about 1100 feet a second . That is about 760 miles an hour .) As a flying jet plane leaves its noise behind it , we do not hear it until it has gone .
Notes : ⑴ hydrogen n .氫氣 ⑵ helium n . 氦氣 ⑶ be filled with 充滿
Exercises : 請回答下列問題
⑴ Which costs more money , balloons filled with hydrogen or those filled with helium ?
⑵ What were airships ?
⑶ Why did some of the airships catch fire ?
⑷ When was the first jet engine fixed in an aircraft ?
⑸ How many jet engines are usually enough for an aeroplane ?
〖譯文與答案〗
飛 行
人類總想像鳥一樣地飛行。鳥兒能夠輕易地飛行是因為它們身體輕，但是人類的軀體可就重多了。
人類最初是通過氣球進入空中的，這些氣球是充滿氣體的大袋子。氫氣對于氣球來說是一種有用的氣體，它比空氣輕多了。氦也是一種比空氣輕的氣體，但是它太昂貴了，因此氣球通常都是裝滿氫氣的。
由于氣球沒有發動機來作動力，所以氣球不得不順風飛行。后來，人類創造了飛艇，它們是具有發動機的氣球，但不是圓的，而是長的，發動機在后面。它們也是被充滿氫氣；其中一些不幸失火，是由于氫氣泄漏后發動機加熱而引燃，幾秒鐘之后，飛艇就整個燃燒起來。
現在有翼的飛機可以帶著人們穿越世界，強有力的發動機載著機器橫過天空，一些發動機就像小汽車一樣，但比它們的功率大得多。
還有一種我們稱之為噴氣式裝置的發動機。一位英國工程師發明了這種噴氣式發動機。1941 年5月，他發明的新發動機安裝在一個飛機里，這個飛機飛行得很好。與此同時，德國人也建造了一個噴氣式飛機發動機，當然兩個國家都沒告訴對方。
噴氣式發動機馬力很大。通常在一個飛機里裝有兩個、三個或四個已經足夠了，但一些大的飛機要裝六個。在一個正在運動著的噴氣式飛機里，任何一個人都可以感覺到這些發動機的力量。噴氣式飛機的速度要比聲音的傳播速度快（聲音一 秒鐘傳播約1100英尺，也就是1 小時傳播760 英里）。一個飛行著的噴氣式飛機只有它飛過后我們才可聽到噪聲。
答案：⑴ Balloon filled with helium . ⑵ Airships were balloons with engines , but they were not round .They were long , and the engines were at the back . ⑶ Because airships were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it . Then the airship was completely burnt . ⑷ In May , 1941 . ⑸ Usually two , three or four are enough for an aeroplane , but some big aircraft have six .
【思維體操】
It happened in a small village . The weather was bad and the farmers couldn't get good harvests . Most people were poor and few of them could send their children to school . Only Robert whose uncle was a policeman and worked in a town was in school for three years . So he thought himself the cleverest man in the world and always looked down upon others . One evening the young man went out for a walk and saw several farmers talking under a big tree . He joined them and soon he thought they were all foolish .
“Well , Mr Know-all , ”said an old farmer . “Are you good at guessing any riddles ?”
“Yes , I can guess all kinds of riddles !”the young man said without thinking .
“Please listen to me , then , ”said the old man . “Mr Smith has seven children . Autumn came and the apples were ripe . So he sent one to hold the ladder , two to pick apples and three to take the fruit home . And how many stayed at home ? ”
Mr Know-all thought for a long time and answered , “One ! ”
“You are wrong , ”a little boy returned . “Two persons stayed at home ! ”
All the farmers began to laugh at the young man . And do you know why ?
〖釋疑〗There were eight people in the house (Mr Smith and his seven children ) . The farmer sent six to work in the garden . So there were two people left at home .
三、智能顯示
【心中有數】
■ 單元熱點測試突破
易錯常考的“情態動詞+ have done”結構
在本單元出現了多處 “情態動詞+ have done”表達推測。如：Something may have happened to her . 該結構經常用于 NMET 測試中，請同學們勿必引起高度的重視。下面是常見的形式：
◇ must + have done (have been doing) 表示對過去情況的推測，只用于肯定句，意思是“一定……”。對過去的否定推測用 couldn't have + done 。對現在的否定推測用 can't be 。
Her eyes were red , she must have been crying . 她兩眼通紅，一定一直在哭。
You must have left your handbag in the theatre last night , I think . 我想你一定把手提包丟在劇場了。
He can't be Li Ming . Li Ming is taller than him by a head .
She couldn't have gone to the cinema yesterday afternoon , because he was staying with us all the day long .
◇ should (ought to) + have done 表示“本來應該做而實際上沒做”，其否定式則表示“本來不該做而實際上做了”，常含有責備的語氣。
You should have been here five minutes ago . 五分鐘之前你就應該到這里了。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied . 我多么懊悔我本應該好好學習的日子都玩掉了!
◇ could + have done 表示“本來有能力做而實際上沒有做”。
― We could have walked to the station , it was so near . 這么近，我們完全能走著來車站。
― Yes . A taxi was not at all necessary . 是呀，根本不必搭車的。
I could have won if I hadn't fallen over . 要不是摔倒，我準能贏。
◇ needn't + have done 表示“本來不必做的事，實際上做過了。”
I got up early , but needn't have done so , because I had nothing to do that morning . 那天早上我起得很早，可我根本不必起這么早，因為我無事可做。
You needn't have written such a long article . The teacher only asked for 300 words , and you have written 600 words . 你沒有必要寫這么長的文章，老師只要求寫300字，你寫了600字。
◇ would like to have done 表示“本來希望做而卻未做的事”。
I'd like to have gone to college . 我要是上大學就好了。
I'd like to have seen his face when he opened the letter . 我真想看到他拆信時的臉色。
◇ can (could) + have done (have been doing) 表示對過去情況的推測，只用于否定和疑問句中，意為“一定沒有……，一定不會……”。用 could 比用 can 語氣更加委婉些。
He couldn't have gone to bed , you see , the light in his room is still on .
他一定還沒有睡，瞧他房間的燈還亮著呢。
Where is Dick ? Where can he have gone ? Can he have been working ? 狄克在哪兒呢 ? 他會去哪兒呢 ? 他能一直干活嗎 ?
◇ may (might) + have done (have been doing) 表示對過去的推測，多用于陳述句，意思是“可能……”。用 might 比用 may 語氣更加委婉。
I may have misunderstood him . 我可能誤解他了。
She might have taken the book with her , I suppose . 我想她可能把書帶走了。
They might have been quarrelling about the problem the whole day . 對于那個問題他們可能一天都爭論不休。
◇ would / should + have done 用于虛擬條件句中，表示與過去事實相反。should 只用于第一人稱，would 用于各人稱。
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number . 如果知道你的電話號碼，我就給你打電話了。
There be 推測句型。其結構形式為：There + can / could / may / might / must + sth ./ sb . 。
該句型表達的是對“存在”的一種狀態進行的猜測。
There must be many students in the classroom . 教室里一定有許多學生。
【動腦動手】
■ 中視圖文好題快遞
NMET 語境選擇 100 題
1 . ― What are you doing ?
― I'm looking ____ the children . They should be back for lunch now .
A . after B . at C . for D . up
2 . The teacher told the class to ____ their books , for they would have a test .
A . put away B . put by C . put on D . put up
3 . I wonder what has brought ____ this remarkable change in their relationship ?
A . along B . away C . about D . around
4 . I can hardly hear th radio . Would you please ____ ?
A . turn it on B . turn it down C . turn it up D . turn it off
5 . He must ____ the south , for he likes to have rice for meal .
A . come along B . come over C . come from D . come to
6 . Still , he ____ his post , reporting the water level to the headquarters every fifteen minutes .
A . came to B . stuck to C . devoted to D . got to
7 . By reading quickly , I ____ the book before the library closed .
A . could be finishing B . could have finished
C . could finish D . can finish
8 . ― Must I get through the business in one evening ?
― No , you ____ .
A . mustn't B . haven't C . needn't to D . don't have to
9 . ― Where ____ my umbrella ?
― Somebody ____ it away by mistake .
A . is , must have taken B . is , must take
C . was , must take D . is , takes
10 . The teacher knows a lot about Shanghai . He ____ there before .
A . must be B . must go C . must have been D . must have gone
11 . ― Will your brother stay here tonight ?
― I'm not sure . He ____ shopping tonight .
A . must go B . can go C . may go D . will go
12 . ― Did Jim come ?
― I don't know . He ____ while I was out .
A . might have come B . has come
C . must have come D . should have come
13 . Why didn't you make me a telephone call yesterday ? I ____ about it .
A . should be told B . ought to have been told
C . should have told D . ought to be told
14 . ― Hurry , Mary ! You ____ on the phone .
― Oh , I'm coming . Thank you .
A . want B . are being wanted C . are wanted D . are wanting
15 . How long have you been in Beijing ? I ____ you ____ here .
A . didn't know were B . didn't know , had been
C . don't know , are D . haven't known , are
16 . ―Hasn't Professor Zhou arrived yet ?
― No , but I ____ he ____ here by this time .
A . thought , would be B . think , is
C . thought , was D . think , will be
17 . ―You've agreed to go , so why aren't you getting ready ?
― But I ____ that you ____ me to start at once .
A . don't realize , want B . don't realize , wanted
C . haven't realized , wanted D . didn't realize , wanted
18 . ― Look at this! I ____ some old pictures and ____ this baby picture .
― Is it a picture of you ? It's so lovely .
A . was going through , found B . am going through , find
C . went through , had found D . had gone through , find
19 . ― Where have you been all the time ?
― I came back at noon and I ____ in this room since .
A . have been B . was C . had been D . have gone
20 . She ____ for ten hours at least . It was at nine that she fell asleep last night .
A . slept B . had slept C . has slept D . was sleeping
21 . Don't get that ink on your shirt , for it ____ .
A . won't wash out B . won't be washing out
C . isn't washing out D . doesn't wash out
22 . ― We spent all our money because we stayed at ____ most expensive hotel in town .
― Why didn't you stay at ____ cheaper one ?
A . the , a B . a , a C . the , the D . a , the
23 . ― What would you like to eat ?
― I don't mind . ____ ―Whatever you've got .
A . Something B . Everything C . Anything D . Nothing
24 . My eyes are getting tired . I ____ for two hours . I think I'll take a break .
A . have read B . read C . have been reading D . am reading
25 . It's foolish to have a taxi ____ you can easily walk to the station .
A . if B . that C . where D . when
26 . Harvard , ____ in 1636 , is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A . set B . formed C . discovered D . founded
27 . ____ you like to see the movie tonight ? I ____ meet you at the gate of the Student Center .
A . Would , will B . Would , can C . Do , must D . Will , could
28 . There was a ____ change in the weather , and the rain came pouring down .
A . quick B . fast C . slow D . sudden
29 . ― Excuse me , can I use your ruler ?
― ____ .
A . No , you can't B . I'm sorry , but I'm using it C . Yes , you could D . I'm afraid you couldn't
30 . I ____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ____ yet .
A . arrived , didn't come B . was arriving , hadn't come
C . arrived , hasn't come D . had arriving , didn't come
31 . ― Did you visit many places while you were in the States ?
― Yes , ____ .
A . only a few B . only few C . quite a few D . quite few
32 . ― The manager is away .
― Who is taking ______ of the company ?
A . charge B . place C . part D . position
33 . ― Can he lend me some money ?
― I regret to tell you he is ____ you .
A . not rich as B . no more rich than
C . no richer than D. not richer as
34 . ― My goodness! I just missed my flight .
― That's too bad , but I am sure you ____ it if you ____ .
A . had caught , had hurried B . could have caught , had hurried
C . could catch , would hurry D . could have caught , hurried
35 . The small company I had worked for was closed a few months ago , and I am now still ____ a job .
A . looking at B . looking for C . looking up D . looking after
36 . Tom came back with a message ____ there would be a test soon .
A . when B . which C . as D . that
37 . Emily stopped her car ____ a black cat ____ across the street .
A . to let , run B . letting , run C . to let , running D . letting , running
38 . They tested the new medicine ____ doing experiments ____ rabbits .
A . on , with B . by , for C . in , to D . by , on
39 . Sheila , ____ we had been waiting , finally arrived .
A . who B . whom C . for whom D . for which
40 . He is getting better . ____ is no need to send for a doctor .
A . came he B . he came C . did he come D . he did come
42 . ____ many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
A . Having told B . He had been told
C . Though he had been told D . Having been told
43 . If you drive from the airport , go on the motorway and follow the ____ to the city .
A . points B . signs C . plans D . ways
44 . I don't have any ____ but to do as you tell me .
A . way B . choice C . chance D . means
45 . Did you see that ____ involving two cars and a bicycle ?
A . accident B . incident C . danger D . happening
46 . The writer was always looking for suitable ____ to use in his next story .
A . contents B . articles C . ideas D . objects
47 . I'm sorry , David . It wasn't my ____ to cause a quarrel between you and Joanna .
A . point B . meaning C . intention D . view
48 . His wide ____ of the newspaper world enabled him to make a success of his job as an editor .
A . career B . experiment C . experience D . profession
49 . I am sorry you told him the secret . I wish you ____ him the secret .
A . didn't tell B . wouldn't tell &
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