科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高二
文件 high2 unit13.doc
標(biāo)題 unit13
章節(jié) 第十三單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語(yǔ)第十三單元
內(nèi)容
一、教學(xué)目的和要求
⒈單詞和詞組
ruler
L.49
四會(huì)
go on with the First World War wouldwide right(n.)
L.50
peace
work out stick(vi.) stick to ruler
L.51
course(n.)
L.52
communist professor
L.49
三會(huì)
scientific darkness shy content lead to discovery
L.50
cheque human right
prove bent respect leading sadness take sides(in)
L.51
fuel
advance advanced mathematics education
L.52
further education technical
Albert Einstein Alexander Bell
L.49
二會(huì)
the Nobel Prize bookmark
L.50
Swiss Hitler Jew
L.51
⒉日常交際用語(yǔ)：
Is it…? No, it’s not him/her Is he/she…?
Who is he/she? What did he do? It must be him/her
⒊語(yǔ)法：
學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句作語(yǔ)的用法。
二、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析
Lesson 49
⒈I’m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. 我正在猜報(bào)紙上的字謎。
puzzle意為“謎”，do a word puzzle or do a puzzle in words意為“猜字謎”。
這里的puzzle是名詞，作“難題”，“難以解釋的東西”講。
例如：The murder case was a puzzle to the police. 這樁謀殺案對(duì)警察局來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)難題。
puzzle也可以作動(dòng)詞，意為“使人迷惑不解”。例如：
The murder case continued to puzzle the police.
這樁謀殺案仍使警察局迷惑不解。
⒉It must be him! 那肯定是他！
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must主要指“肯定”和“禁止”，前者用于肯定句，表示推測(cè)，后者用于否定句，表示禁止。例如：
My father must be watching TV now.
我爸爸現(xiàn)在肯定在看電視。
She must be in the classroom.
她肯定在教室里。
You mustn’t smoke in public places.
公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙。
Lesson 50
⒈When he was a young boy he used to ask lots of questions…
他小時(shí)候常常問(wèn)許多問(wèn)題…
used to do sth. 意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”
be used to doing sth. 意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”
be used to do sth. 意為“被用來(lái)干什么”
例如：I used to drink coffee in the evening, but now I am used to drinking coffee in the morning.
過(guò)去我常常晚上喝咖啡，但是現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣于早上喝咖啡。
Computers can be used to do a lot of work nowadays.
如今計(jì)算機(jī)可用來(lái)做許多事。
⒉By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself.
到十四歲時(shí)，他已經(jīng)自學(xué)了數(shù)學(xué)。
by與時(shí)間名詞連用時(shí)表示“到某時(shí)為止”，“不遲于…(時(shí)間)”
當(dāng)by后接將來(lái)時(shí)間時(shí)，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)；當(dāng)by后接過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí)，句子時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)by后接現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)，句子時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
例如：
My mother will be back by 5 o’clock this afternoon.
今天下點(diǎn)五點(diǎn)以前我媽媽就回來(lái)了。
We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term.
到上學(xué)期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
By the end of this century, China will have become a more powerful and beautiful country in the world.
到本世紀(jì)末，中國(guó)將成為世界上更強(qiáng)大更美麗的國(guó)家。
By now, several bridges have been built over the Changjiang River.
到目前為止，長(zhǎng)江上已經(jīng)建了好幾座橋。
⒊He found it hard to get along with the other boys.
他覺(jué)得很難與別的孩子相處。
在此句中，it為形容賓語(yǔ)，hard為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足詞，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to get along with the other boys.
在一個(gè)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（即：賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）的句子中，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí)，由于不定式短語(yǔ)或從句較長(zhǎng)，所以常使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)置于句尾，以保持句子的平衡。例如：
I found it difficult to learn French well.
我覺(jué)得學(xué)好法語(yǔ)是很難的。
They kept it quiet that he was dead.
對(duì)于他的死他們保密。
⒋All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of this time alone, although he married twice and had lots of close friends.
雖然愛(ài)因斯坦結(jié)過(guò)兩次婚，而且有很多親密的朋友，但是在整個(gè)一生中，他還是愿意獨(dú)自度過(guò)他的大部分時(shí)光。
content adj. 滿足的；滿意的；愿意的
be content with sth. 對(duì)…感到滿意
be content to do sth. 愿意做某事
She is content with her present job.
她對(duì)目前的工作很滿意。
I am always content with very little.
我總是很容易滿足。
I shall be well content to do so.
我很愿意這樣做。
⒌With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor’s degree in 1905.
他用自己掙來(lái)和積存的錢(qián)繼續(xù)讀大學(xué)，1905年在大學(xué)獲得博士學(xué)位。
⑴此句是復(fù)合句。其中包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
a: that he received and saved修飾the pay
b: where he received a doctor’s degree in 1905是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾university.
⑵receive意為“收到”，accept意為“接受”，二者的語(yǔ)義有別。例如：
I received her invitation last week, but I didn’t accept it.
上星期我收到她的請(qǐng)柬，但是我沒(méi)有接受。
⑶a doctor’s degree 博士學(xué)位
a master’s degree 碩士學(xué)位
a bachelor’s degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位
注意學(xué)位前的不定冠詞
receive/win/get a doctor’s degree/a master’s degree/a bachelor’s degree意為獲得博士/碩士/學(xué)士學(xué)位
Tom received a doctor’s degree in physics in Boston University last term.
上學(xué)期湯姆在波士頓大學(xué)獲得物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。
⒍…h(huán)e began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.
…他開(kāi)始了研究，這些研究使他在物理學(xué)方面有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
⑴which led to his new discoveries in physics是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞組the research and studies
⑵lead to意為“引起”、“導(dǎo)致”、“造成”、“通向”
The car accident led to many deaths.
那次車禍?zhǔn)乖S多人喪生。
There is only one path leading to the forest.
只有一條小路通向森林。
Hard work and proper ways will lead you to success.
勤奮的工作和正確的方法會(huì)使你成功。
⒎In 1933 Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA.
1933年愛(ài)因斯坦和他的家人離開(kāi)歐洲去美國(guó)。
leave for意為“動(dòng)身到（某處）”介詞“for”表示目標(biāo)，去向。
My father left for Guangzhou two days ago.
我父親兩天前動(dòng)身去廣州了。
She left home for the railway station a few minutes ago.
幾分鐘前她離開(kāi)家動(dòng)身去火車站了。
⒏Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA.
愛(ài)因斯坦在美國(guó)安靜地度過(guò)了他的余生。
⑴此句中的live是及物動(dòng)詞，常用于live…a life結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“過(guò)著”（某種）生活。
例如：live a happy life 過(guò)著幸福的生活
live a hard life 過(guò)著艱苦的生活
live a miserable life 過(guò)著悲慘的生活
live a quiet life 過(guò)著寧?kù)o的生活
They are used to living a quiet life in the country.
他們習(xí)慣在農(nóng)村過(guò)安靜的生活。
The children in the city are living a happy life.
城里的孩子們過(guò)著幸福愉快的生活。
⑵句中的rest意為“其余的（部分或人），其他的（部分或人）”，使用時(shí)須與the連用。
Pick out the good apples and throw away the rest.
挑出好蘋(píng)果，將其余的扔掉。
Some of the boys climbed the hill, the rest played games.
有些男孩爬山，其他的男孩做游戲。
⒐Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.
除了在物理學(xué)方面的工作以外，他還花了大量的時(shí)間為人權(quán)和進(jìn)步而工作。
注意besides和except的區(qū)別
besides意為“除了…之外（還有），有肯定和附加的含義”
except意為“除了…之外（不包括本身在內(nèi)），有否定和排除的含義。”
例如：
Three girls went to the park besides Mary.
除了瑪麗外，還有三個(gè)女孩去了公園。（瑪麗去了公園，另外三個(gè)女孩也去了公園。）
All of us passed the maths exam besides Mike.
除了邁克外，我們大家也通過(guò)了數(shù)學(xué)考試。（邁克及格了，我們大家也及格了。）
All the girls went to the park except Mary.
除了瑪麗外，其他女孩都去了公園。（瑪麗沒(méi)去公園。）
All of us passed the maths exam except Mike.
除邁克外，我們大家都通過(guò)了數(shù)學(xué)考試。（邁克沒(méi)通過(guò)）
⒑It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killlings.
據(jù)說(shuō)他在音樂(lè)中找到了平靜，這種平靜在一個(gè)充滿戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與殺戮的世界里是沒(méi)有的。
⑴句中which was missing in a world full of wars and killings是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the peace.
⑵full of意為“充滿”。形容詞短語(yǔ)full of…作定語(yǔ)，放在其所修飾的名詞a world之后，a world full of wars and killings相當(dāng)于a world which was full of wars and killings. 例如：
He brought us a basket full of vegetables. 他帶給我們滿滿一藍(lán)子蔬菜。
⒒Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
愛(ài)因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)人，一個(gè)質(zhì)樸的人，一位二十世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。
此句是倒裝句。句中的such是代詞，作“這”或“這些”講。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)情況用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
Such is my wish. 這就是我的愿望。
Such were his words. 這就是他講的話。
Such is the answer to the question. 這就是問(wèn)題的答案。
Lesson 51
⒈But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research.
但是愛(ài)因斯坦堅(jiān)持自己的意見(jiàn)并繼續(xù)研究。
⑴動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)stick to意為“堅(jiān)持（意見(jiàn)，看法等）”，其中to是介詞，后跟名詞或代詞。例如：
No matter what you say, I will stick to my opinion.
不管你說(shuō)什么，我會(huì)堅(jiān)持我的觀點(diǎn)。
I will stick to my work unitl it’s finished.
我會(huì)堅(jiān)持干我的工作，直到完成它。
⑵stick(stuck, stuck)既可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作名詞。意為“貼，粘”，“卡住，陷在…里（無(wú)法移動(dòng)）”、“手杖”例如：
The old woman can not walk without a walking stick.
這位老太太沒(méi)有拐杖不能行走。
Don’t forget to stick a stamp on an envelope before you put it into the mail-box.
把信投進(jìn)信箱前別忘了在信封上貼上郵票。
The car stuck in the mud.
汽車陷入泥里了。
The key has stuck in the lock.
鑰匙卡在鎖里了。
⒉From that time on Einstein was greatly respected as the leading scientist of the century.
從那時(shí)起，愛(ài)因斯坦備受尊敬，被公認(rèn)為本世紀(jì)最杰出的科學(xué)家。
from that time on/from then on意為“從那時(shí)起”，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。
since that time/since then/ever since then意為“從那時(shí)起”，但與完成時(shí)連用。例如：
From then on he began to learn Russian.
從那時(shí)起，他開(kāi)始學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。
Since then he has been writing poems.
從那時(shí)起，他一直在寫(xiě)詩(shī)。
⒊…as Switzerland did not take sides in the war. ……由于瑞士在大戰(zhàn)中沒(méi)有參加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的任何一方。
take sides with sb./take the side of sb. 同意某人，支持某人，和…站在一邊。例如：
Switzerland refused to take sides in world War II.
瑞士在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中拒絕參加任何一方。
He took sides with Mother against Father in the argument.
爭(zhēng)論中他站在母親一邊反對(duì)父親的意見(jiàn)。
⒋When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930s…….
二十世紀(jì)三十年代初期希特勒統(tǒng)治德國(guó)的時(shí)候……
in the early 1930s也可以寫(xiě)成in the early 1930’s二十世紀(jì)三十年代初期
in the middle 1990s 二十世紀(jì)九十年代中期
in the late 1990s 二十世紀(jì)九十年代末期
⒌Grammer：Noun Clauses as the Subject
語(yǔ)法：名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句
用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句這一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what和which；連接副詞when,where,how,why等等。例如：
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
他所希望看到的是，全世界的一切軍隊(duì)全都消亡。
What he has done has nothing to do with us.
他所做的事情與我們無(wú)關(guān)。
That there is life on another planet is almost impossible.
在另一個(gè)星期上有生命幾乎是不可能的。
Who killed the young man remains a question.
誰(shuí)殺死了這個(gè)年輕人仍然是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
When we will hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
我們何時(shí)召開(kāi)會(huì)議還沒(méi)有決定。
Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.
我們能否控制住洪手還不能肯定。
Which team will win the football match is still unknown.
哪支隊(duì)會(huì)贏得足球賽還不知道。
Why he didn’t tell the truth wasn’t quite clear.
他為什么不說(shuō)實(shí)話，還不清楚。
以上例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首，但是，有時(shí)主語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)時(shí)，如果放在句首，會(huì)使句子顯得笨重。因此，我們常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句挪到后面去。可用it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：
⒈It is+adj./n.+that-clause.
It’s a pity that… 遺憾的是……
It’s possible that… 可能是…….
⒉It is said/reported that……據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道…
⒊It seems/happened that…似乎/碰巧……
例如：It is possible that he misunderstood what I said.
他可能誤解了我說(shuō)的話。
It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
據(jù)報(bào)道洪水過(guò)后很多人無(wú)家可歸。
It happened that I was free that day.
碰巧那天我有空。
whatever,whoever也可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
Whoever comes will be welcome. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)來(lái)都會(huì)受到歡迎。
Whatever she did was right. 不管她做什么都是對(duì)的。
三、同步測(cè)試
（一）單項(xiàng)選擇
⒈Don’t always ______ your own opinion.
A.stick B. stick to C. stick in D. insist in
⒉His mistakes _____ his failure.
A. led to B. led of C. lead on D. lead for
⒊The Second World War broke out in _____ when Einstein was in ______.
A. the early 1940s; the USA B. 1937; Switzerland
C. the late 1930s; the USA D. the thirties; France
⒋My sister ______ an invitation but she didn’t _____ it.
A. accepted; receive B. received; accepted
C. accepted; accept D. received; accept
⒌By the time I ______ the bus station, the bus _______.
A. got to/left B. reached/has left
C. arrived/has gone D. left/arrived
⒍_____ five years _____ the book about pollution.
A. It spent him/to finish B. It spent him/finishing
C. He spent/finishing D. He spent/to finish
⒎Facing this _____ problem, I found myself _____ about how to work it out.
A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzled; puzzling
C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzling; puzzling
⒏In the daytime the stars are not seen to twinkle ______.
A. in a apace B. in the space C. in space D. on space
⒐______, paper was first made in China.
A. It is known to all B. We all know
C. It is known that D. As it known to all
⒑______ we will go to the beach tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. Why B. If C. Where D. Whether
⒒Nobody knew _______.
A. where he comes B. where he was from
C. where he is from D. where does he come from
⒓Computers can only give out _____ has been stored in them.
A. that B. which C. what D. anything
⒔She wanted to know ______.
A. whether I knew her and where did she work.
B. if I knew her and the factory she worked there.
C. whether I knew her and the factory she worked.
D. if I know her and the factory where she worked.
⒕It doesn’t matter _____ I rest or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
⒖The trouble is ______ we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
⒗That is ______ there appears a rainbow in the sky.
A. what B. when C. why D. however
⒘The thought ______ he might fail in the final exam worried him.
A. which B. that C. when D. /
⒙_____ I will accept the gift is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. What D. Which
⒚_____ wants the book many have it.
A. who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
⒛The problem is _____ will go.
A. that B. that who C. who D. whoever
（二）閱讀理解
A
In the year 2000, the world is going to have a population of about 8 billion(十億). Most scientists agree that the most severe problem is food supply.
Who is going to feed all those people? Where is the food going to come from? Are we going to have enough food? Are we going to produce more artificial(人選的) food?
One way of improving the situation is for people to eat less meat. Why? Because it takes 4 kilos(公斤) of grain protein(蛋白質(zhì)) to produce half a kilo of meat protein. Clearly, there is not going to be sufficient meat protein for 8 billion people. Gherefore, it will also necesssary to change eating habits because meat is the main part of many people’s food today.
A possible solution to this latter problem is the soybean.(大豆) The soybean plant produces beans which have a very high fat and proteim content. Scientists can now make these look and taste like real meat. They can also make many other artificial products such as soybean milk, for example, which has a taste of milk and can be used in cooking in very much he same ways as cow’s milk. In fact, one woman in the United States fed her family only on soybeans for year! She gave them soybean beef, soybean chicken, soybean milk, and sometimes just soybeans. Possibly, we are all going to eat soybeans in the future and finally give up meat completely from our tables.
⒈What is the main subject of the passage?
A. A solution to man’s food problem.
B. A solution to the population problem.
C. Advantages of soybean.
D. How to develop good eating habits.
⒉According to the passage, meat will completely disappear in the future because _____.
A. people have to spend too much time energy to produce it
B. too much grain protein is needed to produce it
C. it contains too much fat and protein
D. it is no good to the health
⒊According to the passage, the main part of food that many people are eating today is ____.
A. soybeans B. grain C. meat D. milk
⒋In this passage, “artificial food” refers to food made from _____.
A. milk B. grain C. protein D. soybeans
⒌Soybean meat is similar to real meat _____.
A. in appearance but not in taste.
B. neither in appearance nor in taste.
C. both in appearance and in taste.
D. in taste, but not in appearance.
B
It is true that times are changing for the old people in Brtain. But not all the changes are bad ones. Modern medicine, for example, has made old people healthier than ever before. Aother advantage is that there are many more old people than there used to be. This means that old people often have a good social life with their own clubs and organizations. Old people, too, have more money now than their own parents and grandparents had.
The biggest disadvantage of modem life is loneliness. The young leave home when they grow up and many old people live alone. Fewer old people have brothers and sisters. An old person’s one or two children may have moved to another part of the country.
Even when they live nearby, the young people have their own work to do and their own children to look after. They have not much time for the old. Problems of loneliness often start when people stop work. When people retire they often find it difficult to start a new life without their jobs.
The world has changed so fast since 1900 that it is difficult for old people to understand the problems of the young. And the world is changing even faster these days than it was fifty years ago. It makes you thing, doesn’t it? What will it be like when today’s young people are old?
⒈To the old people, the changes in society are ______.
A. better than they expected
B. not as good as they wish
C. both good and bad
D. difficult to understand
⒉According to this passage, the old people today ______.
A. often go to clubs with their brothers and sisters
B. prefer lonely life to social life
C. live more happily than their parents and grandparents
D. like to share their feelings and thoughts with other people
⒊Although some old people live near their sons or daughters, ______.
A. they still feel lonely
B. they want to move to other places
C. they have no time to look after the young people’s children
D. they like to live with their own brothers and sisters
⒋In the last century, old people did not have so many problems because ______.
A. they had big families
B. they lived with their children
C. the young were king to the old
D. the society didn’t change so rapidly
⒌What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Modern society only belongs to the young.
B. Modern life has brought new problems to the old.
C. Today’s young people are happier than their parents.
D. It is necessary to take better care of the old people.
（一）⒈B；⒉A；⒊C；⒋D；⒌B；⒍C；⒎C；⒏C；⒐D；⒑D；
⒒B；⒓C；⒔D；⒕B；⒖B；⒗C；⒘B；⒙B；⒚B；⒛C
（二）A：⒈A；⒉B；⒊C；⒋D；⒌C
B：⒈C；⒉D；⒊A；⒋D；⒌B
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