賓語從句中考考點點擊
賓語從句在初中英語語法中有著相當重要的地位，幾乎每年的中考都有對賓語從句不同角度的考查。筆者認真研讀了近年來有關賓語從句的中考題，發現其考查的重點一般都集中在以下幾個方面：
一、連接詞
賓語從句的連接詞分為三類：
1.引導陳述句用that（在口語或非正式文體中常常省略）。
2.引導一般疑問句用if或whether。
注意：下列幾種情況通常使用whether：
（1）在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether；
（2）在介詞之后用whether；
（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3.引導特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞。
中考題例：
We'd like to know ___________ or not.（2004年山東濰坊）
A.whether will the sports meeting come
B.if will the sports meeting come
C.whether the sports meeting will come
D.if the sports meeting will come
答案與解析：答案為C項。題干中出現了or not，所以連接賓語從句的引導詞要用whether，故選C項。
二、語序
在含賓語從句的復合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，從句一律是用“連接詞＋陳述句語序”，其標點符號由主句來決定。
中考題例：
- Excuse me，could you tell me ___________？
- Certainly.It's over there along the street on the left.（2005年吉林）
A.where the People's Park is
B.where is the People's Park
C.the People's Park is where
D.the People's Park where is
答案與解析：答案為A項。賓語從句一律使用陳述句語序，故選A項。
湖北省高考沖刺武大華工高中2009年高三二月調研測試
英語試題
第一部分：聽力 (共兩節，滿分30分)
第一節（共5 小題；每小題1．5分，滿分7．5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1．Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A．In an office． B．In a library． C．In a bookstore．
2．Where did the speakers plan to go?
A．A shopping center．
B．An opera house．
C．The parking lot．
3．Which aspect of the film does the woman like?
A．The plot． B．The music． C．The dialogue．
4．What do we know about the woman’s jacket?
A．It is sold at a lower price．
B．Its color is her favorite．
C．It is her sister’s size．
5．What does the woman imply?
A．The man is so forgetful．
B．The man is too careless．
C．The man is over confident．
第二節（共15 小題；每小題1．5分，滿分22．5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話或獨白前后，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6．What makes the man so tired?
A．Playing games．
B．Surfing the Internet．
C．Searching for interesting people．
7．Whom did the man chat with?
A．People from Canada．
B．People in need of his help．
C．People on the same project．
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8．What does the law forbid people to do?
A．To take dogs to parks．
B．To walk dogs in the streets．
C．To treat dogs cruelly．
9．What do we know from what the woman said?
A．Dogs should be kept at home．
B．Building a dog park is necessary．
C．People would remove the dog waste．
聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10．According to the man, what did he do before he watched TV?
A．He washed his hands．
B．He had his supper．
C．He took a path．
11．What place had the man been to the night before?
A．James Street． B．A restaurant． C．A friend’s home．
12．What does the man try to do in the conversation?
A．To prove the truth． B．To find the truth． C．To hide the truth．
聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13．Why did the son come back late?
A．He hurt his hands and knees．
B．He went to a pub with Linda．
C．He waited a long time for the bus．
14．What was the old lady doing in the middle of the road?
A．Looking for something．
B．Struggling to sand up．
C．Trying to seek help．
15．What happened to Linda?
A．She was fired． B．She got injured． C．She had an accident．
16．Where was the witness?
A．Outside the pub B．At a bus stop． C．In his car．
聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17．What’s the problem of some of the university students?
A．They don’t spend all their time on studies．
B．They don’t know what to do with their free time．
C．They don’t have choices for outside class activities．
18．How is the students’ high school life?
A．Controlled and busy．
B．Regular and colorful．
C．Active and independent．
19．According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?
A．To make students healthier．
B．To improve students’ test scores．
C．To enrich students’ experience．
20．What does the speaker advise his students to do?
A．Learn to enjoy themselves．
B．Learn to be their own masters．
C．Learn to develop their potential．
第二部分：英語語言知識運用（共三節，滿分55分）
第一節：多項選擇（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
從A、B、C、D四個www.ks5u.com選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
21．The couple got into a(n)_____ about where to celebrate New Year’s Eve: at home or in a restaurant．
A．comment B．argument C．debate D．quarrel
22．Zhang Haidi’s face was easily_____ because more and more media covered her moving deeds．
A．known B．discovered C．recognized D．seen
23．After a long journey across the whole country from north to south, they found themselves_____ as well as their clothes．
A．picked out B．called out C．caught out D．worn out
24．We are quite sure that Mr．Smith will_____ be successful because he works so hard with efficiency．
A．probably B．likely C．nearly D．possibly
25．The terrible accident almost_____ the driver his life．
A．valued B．counted C．took D．cost
26．Trapped by the police, the terrorists made their_____ attempt to explode the bomb that they carried．
A．brave B．desperate C．harmful D．considerate
27．After he retired from his office, Mr．Green_____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest．
A．took up B．kept up
C．make up for D．take into account
28．The final exam is approaching; it is high time we should_____ our studies．
A．get out of B．get along with C．get into D．get through
29．Can’t you notice that there is little time left, please tell me the whole thing_____．
A．in case B．in brief C．in total D．in detail
30．There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law．_____, it is important that we should have a try．
A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Whereas D．Nevertheless
第二節：完成句子（共10小題；每小題1．5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下列各小題，根據括號內的漢語提示，用句末括號內的英語單詞完成句子，并將答案寫在答題卡上相應的橫線上。
31．____________________(不知如何解決) the problem, Jack turned to his teacher for help． (work)
32．______________ (很重要) that the students develop the essential ability to do things． (important)
33．There was plenty of time．You____________(沒有必要擔心) about how long it would take． (need)
34．The more we get together, _________________________(我們就越高興)． (happy)
35．All the Chinese jumped with joy________________________(他們一聽到)the news that Shenzhou VII had been sent up into space successfully． (moment)
36．I can’t understand____________________(是什么) that made the lady change her mind．
(what)
37．_____________________________(情況更糟糕的是)，the worker also had a son who had taken a bank loan to pay for his studies． (matter)
38．Mother suggests you should find out the point_________________________(你失敗的地方)． (lie)
39．_____________________(雖然她是個青年教師)，she is popular with her students． (as)
40．Generally speaking, teachers like anyone__________________________(課堂積極)．(active)
第三節 完形填空(共20小題；每小題1．5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項中選出能填入相應空白處的最佳選項。
Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago, I was filled
with excitement of having the weekend off．But I was 41 into stillness by what I saw．Mother, seated at the far end of
the sofa, was 42 , with the second-hand green
typewriter on the table．She told me that she couldn’t 43 fast and then she was out of work．My shock and embarrassment at
finding mother in tears was a perfect proof of how 44 I understood the pressure on her．Sitting beside her on the sofa, I
began very slowly to understand．“ I guess we all have to 45 something,” mother said quietly．I could 46 her pain and the tension of 47 the strong feeling that were interrupted
by my 48 ．Suddenly, something inside me lit up．I reached out and put my arms around her．She broke then．She put her face 49
my shoulder and sobbed．I held her 50 and didn’t try to talk．I knew I was doing what I should,
what I could and that was 51 ．At that moment, feeling mother’s 52 with feelings, I understood for the first
time her being easy to 53 ．She was still my mother, 54 she was something 55 : a person like me, capable of fear
and 56 and failure．I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand
occasions when I sought
41．A．tired B．ashamed C．lazy D．shocked
42．A．crying B．smiling C．thinking D．whispering
43．A．understand B．type C．run D．return
44．A．eagerly B．worriedly C．little D．much
45．A．fail B．win C．forget D．obtain
46．A．kill B．watch C．sense D．recognize
47．A．holding back B．putting away C．staying up D．stopping from
48．A．pain B．laughter C．arrival D．disappearance
49．A．to B．up C．through D．against
50．A．tightly B．thoughtfully C．carefully D．politely
51．A．enough B．precise C．content D．serious
52．A．hand B．face C．hair D．back
53．A．satisfy B．break C．fall D．shout
54．A．while B．although C．yet D．since
55．A．more B．excellent C．strange D．huge
56．A．wound B．defeat C．cut D．hurt
57．A．kindness B．memory C．comfort D．support
58．A．supplied B．offered C．paid for D．contributed
59．A．different B．hard C．pleasant D．devoted
60．A．screaming B．laughing C．tapping D．sewing
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made．Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects．Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages．I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic．
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary．I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys．Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door．But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects．
I am a naturalist, not a scientist．I have a strong love of the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations．I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people’s observations and discoveries．Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind．Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together．This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research．
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack．A scientist, up to a certain point, can be made．A naturalist is born．If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds．
61．The first paragraph tells us the author_____．
A．was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood
B．lost his hearing when he was a child
C．didn’t like his brothers and sisters
D．was born to a naturalist’s family
62．The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because_____．
A．he didn’t live very long with them
B．the family was extremely very large
C．he was too young when he lived with them
D．he was fully occupied with observing nature
63．It can be inferred from the passage that the author was_____．
A．a scientist as well as a naturalist B．a naturalist but not a scientist
C．no more than a born naturalist D．first of all a scientist
64．The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he_____．
A．has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic
B．lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist
C．just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries
D．comes up with solutions in a most natural way
B
Princeton University
Location
The university is in Princeton, New Jersey．It is an hour’s train ride south of New York City and an hour’s train north of Philadelphia．
Students
There are 4,600 undergraduates(本科生)．There are also 1,900 graduate students, but Princeton is unusual among some universities in having a student body made up largely of undergraduates．
Faculty
Princeton has about 700 full-time faculty members(教員)．There are another 300 or so part-time and visiting faculty．All faculty members at Princeton are expected to teach and research．
Degree
Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees: the bachelor of arts (A．B．) degree and the bachelor of science in engineering (B．S．E．) degree．
Academic Year
An academic year runs from September to late May and lasts two terms (fall and spring)．A normal course load is four or five courses per term, although many students take extra courses．
Residences
Princeton provides housing for all undergraduate students．Freshman and second-year students are required to spend their first two years in one of five colleges．Each college has its own dining hall, common rooms and computer centers．
Fees and Expenses (Academic Year 2004-2005)
Tuition(學費): $ 29,910
Room and board :$ 8,387
Other expenses (books, telephones, etc．) : $ 3,083
Total: $ 41,380
65．How many kinds of faculty members are there in Princeton University?
A．One． B．Two C．Three． D．Four．
66．In Princeton University, an undergraduate will pay at least_____ for the Academic Year 2004- 2005 besides tuition．
A．$ 41,380 B．$ 52,
67．In what way is Princeton University different from other American universities according to the text?
A．It has five colleges．
B．Its students are mainly undergraduates．
C．It provides housing for all undergraduate students．
D．All the faculty members at Princeton are expected to teach and research．
68．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees．
B．An academic year lasts about nine months in Princeton University．
C．Undergraduates should spend their first two years in one of five colleges．
D．It’s about an hour’s train ride from Princeton University to the north of New York City．
C
If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame, because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion．They are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear．
Changing fashion is nothing more than the intentional creation of waste．Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have．Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on．
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society．Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用) ．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn’t sometimes in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes．
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Does the constantly changing fashion of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanged styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide．
69．Designers and big stores always make money_____．
A．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B．because they are capable of predicting the new fashion
C．by constantly changing the fashion in women’s clothing
D．because they always improve the quality of women’s clothing
70．To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dress is seen as_____．
A．a quality of instability B．a waste of time and money
C．an expression of taste D．an expression of creativity
71．The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the_____．
A．cost B．appearance C．comfort D．suitability
72．By saying “ the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that_____．
A．women’s changeableness in their choice of clothing was often laughed at
B．women are better able to put up with discomfort
C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
D
Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will
one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span．
“ I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生),” said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future．“ I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate．”
At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(納米技術) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past．“ There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said．“ Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years．”
However, many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years．Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death．
Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live．“ It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?” said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center．“ At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all．”
73．By saying “ we are knocking at the door immortality”, Michael Zey means_____．
A．they believe that there is no limit of living
B．they are sure to find the truth about long living
C．they have got some ideas about living forever
D．they are able to make people live past the present life span
74．Donald Louria’s attitude toward long living is that_____．
A．people can live from 120 to 180
B．it is still doubtful how long humans can live
C．the human body is designed to last about 120 years
D．it is possible for humans to live longer in the future
75．The underlined “ it” (Para．4) refers to_____．
A．a great push
B．the idea of living beyond the present life span
C．the idea of living from 200 to 300
D．the conservative estimate
76．What would be the best title for this text?
A．Living longer or not
B．Science, technology and long living
C．No limit for human life
D．Healthy lifestyle and long living
E
I am a good mother to three children．I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent．
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe．I show up．I listen．I try to laugh．I am a good friend to my husband．I have tried to make marriage vows mean what they say．I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me．Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today．
So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life．A real life, not a desire of the next promotion, the bigger pay-check…．
Get a life in which you are not alone．Find people you love, and who love you．And remember that love is not leisure, it is work．Pick up the phone．Send an e-mail．Write a letter．And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted．
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes．It is so easy to exist instead of to live．I learned to live many years ago．Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all．And what I learned from it is what , today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all．
I learned to love the journey, not the destination．I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally．And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned．
By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face．Learn to be happy．And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived．
77．It can be inferred from the passage that_____．
A．the author is a success in personal life
B．the author didn’t try her best to work well
C．the author spent all her time caring for her children
D．the author likes travelling very much
78．How did the author form her view of life?
A．Through social experience． B．By learning from her friends．
C．Through an unfortunate experience D．From her children and husband．
79．By the underlined sentence “ It is so easy to exist instead of to live” in the fifth paragraph, the author really means that people tend to_____．
A．make a living rather than live a real life
B．work rather than enjoy life
C．waste a lot in life
D．forget the most important lessons in life
80．What’s the author’s attitude towards work?
A．Do it well to serve others．
B．Earn enough money to make life better．
C．Try your best to get higher position and pay．
D．Don’t let it affect your real life．
第四部分：書面表達（滿分25分）
假設你是艾學習，上個星期天去市圖書館看書時發現以下問題，你寫信向館長Mr．Wang反映：
1．實用性的書、新書太少；
2．書架上的書比較混亂；
3．閱覽室的光線對視力有害；
4．管理員工作時彼此閑聊。
注意：
1．詞數：100左右；
2．可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；
3．信的開頭和結尾已經為你寫好，不計入總詞數。
Dear Mr．Wang,
Last Sunday, I went to do some reading in your library．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________So, for the sake of readers, I suggest that you change all those mentioned as soon as possible．
Yours,
蚌埠三中2009屆高三英語月考考試英語試題
(考試時間：120分鐘 試卷分值：150分)
注意：本試卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ兩卷。第Ⅰ卷為選擇題，所有答案必須用2B鉛筆涂在答題卡中相應的位置。第Ⅱ卷非選擇題，所有答案必須填在答題卷的相應位置。答案寫在試卷上均無效，不予記分。
第Ⅰ卷（選擇題 共115分）
第一部分：聽力（30分）
第一節 (共5個小題；每個小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. How many nights does the man want to have a room for?
A. 4. B. 3. C.2.
2. Whom does the raincoat belong to?
A. The woman. B. The woman's friend. C. The man's friend.
3. Who is going to make the copies for the woman?
A. The man. B. Her assistant. C. The clerk.
4. What is the man going to do with the money he won?
A. He is going to buy a lot of expensive things.
B. He is going to buy a new car.
C. He is going to make much more money with it.
5. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman has missed her train.
B. The woman will probably catch her train.
C. The woman is often late for work.
第二節 (共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每個小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各個小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6―8小題。
6. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Workmates. C. Boyfriend and girlfriend.
7. Why was the man feeling angry?
A. Because he thought he had lost his phone.
B. Because he wanted to call her but forgot the number.
C. Because someone else misunderstood him.
8. What might the woman speaker have thought of his matter?
A. She felt sorry for her mistake. B. She felt glad privately.
C. She felt angry with the caller.
聽第7段材料，回答第9―11小題。
9. What can you see in the first postage stamps?
A. A picture of Queen Victoria. B. A picture of the queen's palace.
C. A picture of Rowland Hill.
10. When were the first postage stamps issued?
A. In 1840. B. In 1920. C. In 1804.
11. Who paid for mail delivery before the appearance of postage stamps?
A. The queen. B. The British government.
C. Either the sender or the receiver of a letter.
聽第8段材料，回答第12―14小題。
12. What is the woman fed up with?
A. Sitting on packing cases. B. Packing up cases. C. Going shopping.
13. What does the man worry about?
A. They cannot find second-hand chairs. B. New chairs are very expensive.
C. Old chairs are shaky.
14. When does the market open?
A. On Thursdays. B. On Sundays. C. On Saturdays.
聽第9段材料，回答第15―17小題。
15. What may be the man's purpose from the conversation?
A. He wants to find a suitable job. B. He wants to get a suitable wife.
C. He wants to marry the woman.
16. What kind of people might he prefer?
A. A serious person. B. A practical person. C. A rich person.
17. What's the man's possible favor according to the talk?
A. Sightseeing. B. Running a restaurant. C. Writing news reports.
聽第10段材料，回答第18―20小題。
18. How long should food be left before a dog?
A. Until it eats the food. B. Less than thirty minutes. C. More than thirty minutes.
19. What kind of dog needs to run for exercise?
A. A young one. B. A small one. C. a big one.
20. Which point was not mentioned as important for good care of a dog?
A. Going to the clinic. B. A clean environment. C. Proper feeding.
第二部分 知識運用（45分）
第一節 單項填空（15分）
21. --We had ____really hot September this year.
--- I can't remember_____September when it snowed in Bengbu.
A.a; / B./; the C. the; a D. a; a
22. ---You mustn't play football on the street. It's dangerous.
---No,_________. Thank you.
A. it's safe B. we won't
C. it's none of your business D. we must
23. ---I'd like to learn more about the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
---Better try____the CCTV website, and you are likely___the information in no time.
A. to visit; to get B. to visit; getting C. visiting; to get D. visiting; getting
24. Do physical exereise every day ____you will keep fit.
A. or B. yet C. and D. but
25. _____it comes to traffic rules, I often come across such cases_____the local drivers
are confused or uncertain of their roles.
A. If; why B. As; which C. Once; as D. When; where
26. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for___he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
27. --Tony, the steak smells ___now.
--Sorry, I forgot that the way to keep steak in hot weather was __ it into the refrigerator.
A. bad; put B. badly; putting C. bad; to put D. badly; to put
28. It was not until I began to work ____I realized how much time I had wasted.
A. that B. when C. before D. which
29. The failure of the project is due to the fact that you don't__ enough
importance ___your methods.
A. link; with B. stick; to C. attach; to D. combine; with
30．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．
A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having
31.The old houses of this area had to be___ immediately so that the government could carry ils flower-style-city programme out.
A. torn up B. torn down C. torn away D. torn out
32. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have___opportunity
to change his mind.
A. accurate B. urgent C. excessive D. adequat
33As your teacher advised, you ought to spend your time on something __ researching.
A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable
34.．―How are you today?
― ――Oh，I as ill as I do now for a long time．
A．didn’t feel B．wasn’t feeling C．don’t fee D．haven’t felt
35..The school provides teachers with educational videos designed
to ___the teaching plans.
A. fit into B. fit for C. fit up D. fit to
第二節 完形填空（共20題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分
The first day of school we were challenged to get to know a new classmate. I 36 around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I found a little 37 lady with a warm smile.
She said, "Hi! I'm Rose. I'm 87 years old. Can I give you a hug ?" I laughed and heartily 38 , "Of course!"
"Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?" I asked.
She 39 replied, "I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have children, and then travel around."
"No 40 ," I asked. I was curious why she 41 this challenge at this age.
"I always 42 having a college education and now I'm getting one!" she told me. We became instant friends.
43 , Rose became a campus icon (偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she enjoyed the 44 from the other students.
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I'll never forget what she 45 us.
"We do not stop playing because weare old; we grow old 46 we stop playing. Here are the secrets to staying 47 . You have to laugh and find 48 every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. 49 we have many people like this walking around!" she said.
"There is a huge 50 between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't 51 any talent or ability," she added. "But growing up requires 52 the opportunity in change. Have no 53 . The elderly usually don't regret what they did, but rather things they did not do"
One week after graduation that year, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. She taught us 54 that it's never too 55 to be all you can possibly be.
36. A. stopped B. showed C. asked D. looked
37. A. old B. exciting C. strange D. nervous
38. A. added B. claimed C. responded D. offered
39. A. slowly B. jokingly C. funnily D. simply
40. A. seriously B. wisely C. really D. secretly
41. A. took up B. put up C. took on D. put on
42. A. dreamed to B. looked forward to C. looked up to D. dreamed of
43. A. Over the year B. AIl of a sudden C. Once again D. As usual
44. A. jokes B. questions C. attention D. followers
45. A. inspired B. taught C. requested D. lectured
46. A. when B. because C. so D. although
47. A. young B. healthy C. growing D. developing
48. A. goals B. humor C. meaning D. inspirations
49. A. Unfortunately B. Naturally C. Generally D. Fairly
50. A. division B. change C. cross D. difference
51. A. use B. take C. compare D. prefer
52. A. winning B. improving C. meeting D. finding
53. A. doubts B. fear C. regrets D. worry
54. A. at last B. by herself C. by example D. in practice
55. A. late B. old C. early D. young
第三部分 閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C、D中，選出最佳選項。
A
My elder brother
Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important
lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult. For instance, Steve taught
me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a
Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened.
When I explained that my baseball had soared through Mrs. Holt’s basement
window, breaking the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to confess to her.
After all, I should have been playing in the park down
56. What is the main subject of the passage?
A. The relationship between mark and Steve.
B. The important lesson Mark learned in school
C. Steve’s important role in mark’s growing process.
D. Mark and Steve’s respect for living things.
57.It can be inferred from the passage that when mark confessed to Mrs.Holt, __________.
A. he felt surprised B. he was light-hearted C. he felt frightened D. he knelt before her
58. In the story about the pen, which of the following lessons did Steve teach his brother?
A. Respect for personal property. B. Respect for life.
C. Sympathy for people with problems. D. The value of honesty.
59. According to the writer, which was the most important lesson Steve taught his young brother?
A. Respect for living things. B. Responsibility for one’s actions.
C. The value of the honesty. D. Care for the property of others.
60. Which of the follow is true according to the passage?
A. Mark was still a boy when he wrote this passage.
B. Mark lost the small dog his father carved.
C. When a living thing hurts you, you should kill it.
D. Even if a living thing hurts you, you should not kill it without hesitation.
B
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Coffee shop, Dry-cleaning,
Shops, tv, night-club
OSAKA HOTEL
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Japanese and
Chinese restaurants, Shops,
Swimming-pool, Large garden
61 .The number of the rooms in the best hotels in Boswell is___ .
A. 120 B.
62.If a Japanese traveler likes to eat in French restaurant,___is the right place for him to go to.
A. 233 Edward Road B.
C. 222 Edward Road D.
63 .Which hotel faces the Orchard hotel?
A. The First hotel. B. The Osaka hotel. C. The Fairview Hotel. D. No hotel.
C
How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. in addition, life is always presenting new things to the child-things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his parents, he is not so free to do what he wishes to do； he is continually being told not to do things or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
64. According to the second paragraph, the writer thinks that _______.
A. life for a child is comparatively easy
B. a child is always loved whatever he does
C. if much is given to a child, he must do something in return
D. only children are interested in life
65. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. People are often satisfied with their life.
B. Life is less interesting for old people.
C. Adults are freer to do what they want to do.
D. Adults should no longer rely on others.
66. The main idea of the passage is _________.
A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C. childhood is the move enjoyable time in one’s life
D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
67. The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss _________.
A. examples of successful young men
B. how to build up one’s position in society
C. joys and pains of old people
D. what to do when one has problems in life
D
“It hurts me more than you”, and “This is for your own good”―these are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin, clean my room, stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in education in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school. The schools and the educators made it easy for us. They taught that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators, turned on the television, left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation.
Now teachers, faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years, are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake. One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students―“so passive”―and wonders what has happened. Nothing is demanded of them, she believes. Television, says Klompus, contributes to children’ s passivity. “We’ re talking about a generation of kids who’ ve never been hurt or hungry. They have learned somebody will always do it for them, instead of saying ‘go and look it up’, you tell them the answer. It takes greater energy to say no to a kid.”
Yes, it does. It takes energy and it takes work. It’ s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work. It’ s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it’ s for their own good. It’s s time to start telling them no again.
68.Children are becoming more inactive in study because ____.
A. they watch TV too often B. they have done too much homework
C. they have to fulfil too many duties D. teachers are too strict with them
69.We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on_____.
A. learning Latin B. discipline
C. natural development D. education at school
70.By“permissive period in education”(L.1,Para.2)the author means a time ___.
A. when children are allowed to do what they wish to
B. when everything can be taught at school
C. when every child can be educated
D. when children are permitted to receive education
71. The main idea of the passage is that____ .
A. parents should leave their children alone
B. kids should have more activities at school
C. it’s time to be more strict with our kids
D. parents should always set a good example to their kids
E
Advertising is a highly developed twentieth-century industry. The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising. Why is advertising so popular? Is it a waste of money? It has been proved again and again that ?repeated advertising increases product sales. Since it increases production, the price can be reduced. Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, makes it cheaper.
Advertising is now a scientific business. Once managers would say jokingly, " I know that half of what I spend on advertising is wasted, but I don't know which half." Now, all parts of an advertising programme are properly measured and researched.
What makes a good advertisement? There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years.. People read advertisements partly for information and partly for pleasure. Today's advertisements often start with a question, or a puzzle, with the purpose of attracting the reader's attention. Of course, most advertisements contain information. But this is usually contained in a text that is interesting and often funny. Humour is very important. Sometimes advertisements tell a story, or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements. However, there is a danger in this. It is possible that the reader or viewer will remember the advertisement but not the name of the product.
72. The purpose of advertising is ____.
A. to increase product sales
B. to make a product much better
C. to spend more money
D. to reduce the production
73. Which of the following can be used in place of the underlined phrase "hand in hand" ?
A. Here and there. B. Again and again.
C. As usual. D. At the same time.
74. What is meant by what managers said in the second paragraph?
A. A11 the money on advertising was wasted.
B. Not all the advertisements were well designed.
C.A11 the managers knew about advertising then.
D. Managers spent no money on advertising.
75. What does the writer think of advertising?
A. Useless. B. Unnecessary. C. Important. D. Wasteful.
第三部分 寫作（共三節，滿分55分）
第一節 改錯
British newspapers are much smaller and its readers are of ten 1._________
in a hurry, so newspapermen write so few words as possible. 2._________
They tell their readers at once what was happened, where, 3._________
when and how it happened and what is the resuh : how 4.________
much people were killed, what damage was done and so on. 5.________
Readers ,,ant the fact as fully and accurately as possible. 6._________
So newspaperman always bikes to get some itfformation from 7.__________
someone who was there, that can be given in the person's 8.__________
own words. Because he can use only a little words, the 9.__________
newspaperman must choose those words careful, everyone 10.__________
must be effective.
第二節 寫作
某英語報正在就中學生可不可以帶手機上學這一話題開展討論。假如你是李華，請你根據下表所提供的信息，向該報編輯寫一封英文信，發表觀點。
手機的優點： 1．便于和父母和朋友聯系；2. 能增加樂趣。
帶手機上學存在的問題：1．上課時使用手機干擾教學；2. 用手機聊天、發短信費時費錢。
3．玩手機游戲，浪費時間。
建議： 你的觀點。
注意：1. 信的開頭和結尾已為你寫好，不計入總次數；
2. 詞數：100左右。
Dear Editor:
I’m a senior three student. I”m writing to tell you my opinion
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
蚌埠三中2009屆高三英語月考考試英語試題
甘肅省天水一中2009屆高三第一學期期末考試化學
命題
本試題分為第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，第Ⅰ卷為選擇題，共45分；第Ⅱ卷為非選擇題，共55分。滿分100分，考試時間為90分鐘。
可能用到的相對原子質量： O16 N 14
第Ⅰ卷（選擇題，共45分）
甘肅省天水一中2009屆高三第一學期期末考試地理
命題:張敏,審核:何偉
第1卷 單項選擇題(共60分)
探索宇宙的奧秘，開發宇宙的資源是人類創造力的最高體現之一。據此回答1~3題。
1．
A．距日太遠 B．質量太小 c．軌道太扁 D．自身不發光
2．
A．農歷初一 B．農歷十五 C．農歷初七、八 D．農歷廿二、廿三
3．
A．格林尼治時間為5時30分 B．北京時間為10日22 時30分
c．全球還有一大部分地區是lO日 D.太陽直射點在向南移動
下圖為我國某河干流一個水文站 測得的全年各月流量統計圖，據此回答4－5題。
4、該河位于我國
A．西北地區 B．華北地區 C．東北地區 D．南方地區
5、該河流域適合種植的經濟作物是
A．小麥 B．甜菜 C．棉花 D．小米
讀四幅地貌景觀圖片，回答6、7題。
6．關于構成①一④地景觀的巖石及其巖性的敘述正確的是
①景觀中的巖石為噴出巖，在陸地表面廣泛分布②景觀中巖石屬于沉積巖，巖層結構清晰③景觀中巖石的巖性可能上硬下軟 ④景觀中的巖石為大理巖，易受酸性雨水侵蝕
A．①② B．②③ c．③④ D．①④
7．關于形成①一④地景觀的地質作用，敘述正確的是
A．①景觀中的奇峰怪石為流水溶蝕作用形成
B．②景觀為壯觀的大峽谷，由巖層斷裂形成
c．③景觀中，風力侵蝕是塑造該地貌的主要地質作用
D．④景觀為早期受巖漿侵入影響變質的巖層，后抬升至地面形成
讀大陸邊緣向洋盆過渡的地形剖面示意圖，回答8、9題。注意是大陸的東岸？西岸？
8．③圖中，c地位于
A．非洲板塊與印度洋板塊張裂地帶
B．美洲板塊與亞歐板塊張裂地帶
C．印度洋板塊與太平洋板塊碰撞地帶
D．亞歐板塊與太平洋板塊碰撞地帶
9．流經①圖a海域的洋流是
A．秘魯寒流 B．墨西哥灣暖流
c．北大西洋暖流 D．日本暖流
下圖是美國20世紀30年代某災害分布示意圖，完成10-12題。（發生天數最多處不臨海）
10．圖中反映的災害可能是
A．暴風雪 B．颶風 c．水災 D．沙塵暴
11．該災害多出現于
A．4-5月 B．6-7月 C．8-9月 D．10-11月
12．該災害形成最主要的原因是
A．距海遠近 B．緯度高低 C．地形條件 D．植被破壞
蘇軾詩曰“日啖荔枝三百顆，不辭長做嶺南人。”據此回答13-15 。
13．詩中的“嶺”是指
A．秦嶺 B．南嶺 c．大興安嶺 D．烏鞘嶺
14．江蘇省不能種植荔枝的限制性因素主要是( )。
A．熱量不足 B．土壤貧瘠 c．勞動力缺乏 D．降水稀少
15．嶺南地區與江蘇省均可以發展的農業是( )。
A．遷移農業 B．大牧場放牧業 c．水稻種植業 D．種植園農業
讀工業組合圖．回答16、17題。
16．分析影響各組工業區位選擇的主要因素是( )。
A．①技術②市場③勞動力④動力 B．①市場②勞動力③資源④技術
c．①勞動力②技術③原料④市場 D．①技術②勞動力③市場④原料
17．工業區位受原料產地的制約越來越小，主要是因為( )。
A．產品質量和體積增加 B．運輸條件和生產工藝的改進
c．產品質量和價格提高 D．勞動力價格和產品需求下降
下圖是除南極洲以外的各大洲面積與平均海拔示意圖，據此回答18-20題。
18．圖中①②③④⑤⑥表示的大洲依次是( )。
A．歐洲、南美洲、北美洲、亞洲、非洲、大洋洲
B．大洋洲、歐洲、南美洲、亞洲、非洲、北美洲
c．大洋洲、南美洲、
北美洲、亞洲、非洲、歐洲
D．南美洲、北美洲、大洋洲、非洲、亞洲、歐洲
19．赤道和極圈都穿過的大洲是( )。
A．⑦ B．③ C．④ D．⑤
20．圖中所示的六大洲中，缺失亞寒帶針葉林的是( )。
A．①③ B．②④⑥ c．②③⑤⑥ D．①②⑤
據報道，我國首座70萬千瓦塔式太陽能熱發電系統在江蘇江寧建成并成功發電。據此回答21-23題。
21．在江蘇江寧建設太陽能電站的主要原因是該地區
①是我國太陽能資源最豐富的地區
②具有開發利用太陽能資源的資金與技術
③經濟發達，能源需求量大
④人口稠密，建太陽能電站可吸納當地大量的下崗工人
A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④
22．開發利用太陽能資源的主要優點是
A．清潔無污染可再生 B．投資成本低廉
C．技術先進 D．受自然條件影響小
23．除太陽能資源外，江蘇省還有哪些具有開發潛力的新能源
A．地熱 B．天然氣 C．風能 D．核能
讀下圖回答題24―26題。
24．下列屬于利用區內自然資源優勢，重點發展的產業是
A．制茶業 B．石油化學工業
c．棉紡織業 D．微電子工業
25．該區域在進一步開發利用中應
A．在沿海各地圍海造田
B．增加水稻種植面積
c．注重中低產田的改造
D．大力開發沿海濕地
26．從c城市乘火車至d城市不需要經過的鐵路(走最近路線)有
A．京滬線 B．京哈線
C．京九線 D．哈大線
讀我國中部某城市示意圖，回答27題。
27．下列敘述正確的是
A．甲處優先發展的大型煉鋁廠的優勢主要是接近原料地
B．乙處發展服裝、食品、自行車等輕工業為主的工業區，其主要區位優勢接近消費市場 C．丙處建一個以電子工業為主的新型工業園區，主要依據是水陸交通運輸便利，環境優美
D．甲處建發電廠主要優勢在于，此處在與當地盛行風向相垂直的郊外，城市環境污染較小
讀“某地理區域圖”，完成28～29題。
28．圖中甲地區根據當地的自然條件，今后經濟發展方向最合理的是
A．為了解決糧食問題，應大規模開荒種糧
B．種植熱帶雨林作物
C．增加草場載畜量
D．充分利用熱帶草原的自然風光，發展旅游業
29．圖中乙地區面臨的最嚴重的環境問題
A．水土流失 B．大氣污染 C．土壤鹽堿化 D．荒漠化
30．下列關于電子通信帶來的社會變革，不正確的有
A．開展電子商務，促進經濟發展
B．為人們提供各種服務，方便生活
C．世界各地的科學家參加電子會議，在國際互聯網上發表最新的論文，推動世界科學技術的發展
D．加快信函和包裹的傳遞速度
第二卷（非選擇題）
31.（9分）讀圖11和相關資料，完成下列問題。
上海港是我國第一大港，在我國和上海市的經濟發展中起著十分重要的作用。上海進出物資總量的60%和上海口岸外貿進出口物資的99%都通過上海港。此外，上海港還承擔了總吞吐量中30%以上的國內中轉貨物。
圖11
（1）簡要分析上海港建港并成為我國第一大港的區位條件。（5分）
（2）上海地區屬亞熱帶季風性濕潤氣候。請答出其主要氣候特征和影響該地區的主要災害性天氣有（舉兩例即可）。（4分）
主要氣候特征:
災害：
32．（10分）科學發展觀作為新時期指導我國經濟社會發展的戰略，在“十七大”被寫入黨章。關注人與環境的和諧發展，追求全面發展和可持續發展，是科學發展觀的重要內容。
材料一：我國某省區高新技術開發區分布圖和該省優勢與特色產業增加值前五位百分比圖（圖6）。
（1）圖示甲省區簡稱為_________；圖中①河是_________②河是____________；兩河之間的分水嶺是__________________。（4分）
（2）扼要說明甲省高新技術開發區分布的特點。（2分）
（3）指出甲省高新技術產業在優勢與特色產業增加值的位次，并簡要說明該省發展高新技術產業的區位優勢。（4分）
33.讀我國某區域圖（圖14），完成下列問題。（4分）
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（1）影響
（2）結合當地自然條件，指出圖中陰影區域農業發展應注意的問題。（2分）
34．下圖( 圖6 )為某地沿海景觀示意圖，讀后回答：（7分）
（1）C、D、E三個工業設施中，
是港口， 是核電站。(2分)
（2）F處宜建 （旅游設施），(1分) 理由是什么?(2分)
（3）近年來，近岸海域赤潮頻發，請簡述其人為污染源?（2分）
35.（10分）分析右側某城區圖，并回答問題。
1）根據圖中工業布局，該地主導風向可能_______。（1分）
2）從圖中可以看出，該市工業區位除考慮風向外，還具有兩個特點：（4分）
①________，原因是_______________。
②________，原因是_______________。
3）A處規劃一大型工廠，根據當地具體條件，最可能是_______廠，其有利條件是______________。（3分）
4）該市計劃在B處建該市商業中心，是否合理？
________，原因是____________________。（2分）
天水市一中2006級2008-2009學年第一學期期末考試
地理答案
選擇題 1-5 CBDCB 6-10 BCDCD 11-15 ADBAC
16-20 DBACB 21-25 BACBC 26-30 CDDDD
31（9分）（1）①陸域條件:一般是說建港的地方 地形平坦 有利于港口設施的建設(2分)
②水域條件:又分兩種:1是筑港條件(比如有淡水供應)2是停泊條件(比如水寬,深 適宜拋錨) (2分)③城市依托(比如上海是全國最大的商貿中心) (2分)④經濟腹地(比如長三角經濟區) (2分)
⑤不利條件(一般是河道的淤積) (2分)
（2）氣候特征：夏季高溫多雨，(2分)冬季低溫少雨。(2分)災害性天氣：臺風、暴雨、洪澇、大風、雷暴、龍卷風、大霧等氣象災害的影響。其中臺風、暴雨時常造成巨大損失。(4分)（舉兩例即可）
32 答案：（20分） （1）陜（秦） 渭河 漢水（漢江） 秦嶺（8分）
（2）河流（渭河）沿岸（隴海鐵路沿線）的城市及附近地區（4分）
（3）第二位（2分） 區位優勢: ①科技力量雄厚（西安等城市高校較多,科研與智力支持力較強）； ②交通便利（通訊便捷與電力有保障 ）。（6分）
33 地形 合理灌溉，防止土地鹽堿化；節約用水
34答案：（16分） （1）D E (4分) （2）海濱浴場(2分) 理由:①有寬闊平坦的沙灘； ②離居民區近且環境優美。(4分) （3）工業廢水、農業污水、生活污水、核電站廢熱水、航運污水等。(寫出任三個得6分,每個2分)
35.答案：（10分）
（1）偏東風（或東風、東南風、南風，1分）
（2）工業位于城市郊區（1分） 保護城市生活環境，郊區地價低廉（1分） 工業位于交通線沿線（1分） 便于原料和產品運輸（1分）
（3）鋼鐵（1分）接近煤鐵資源，交通便利，水資源豐富，且處于城市的下風向（任答兩點，2分）
（4）不合理（1分） 不符合商業布局的市場最優或交通最優原則（1分）
課題1、空氣習題課精講精練
【例題精講】
【例題1】空氣成分按體積計算，含量約占21％的氣體是（ ）
A、氧氣 B、 氮氣 C、 二氧化碳 D、 稀有氣體
【解析】空氣中氮氣約占78%，氧氣約占21%，稀有氣體約占0、94%，二氧化碳約占0、03%，其他雜質和氣體占0、03%。這些指的都是體積分數。
【答案】A
【例題2】在充滿空氣的集氣瓶中（瓶底鋪一層細沙），放入一小塊白磷，用灼熱的鐵絲把白磷點燃并立即把瓶蓋塞緊，當白磷燃燒停止，集氣瓶的溫度恢復到室溫時，打開瓶塞，感到比平時費力多了，這是為什么？
【解析】白磷燃燒前，瓶內外的壓強相等，打開瓶蓋不困難。白磷燃燒消耗了瓶中的氧氣，使瓶中產生了負壓，即瓶中的壓強小于瓶外的壓強，所以打開瓶塞時感到比平時費力多了。
【答案】燃燒后瓶內壓強小于瓶外的壓強。
【例題3】空氣質量日報重要內容包括：首要污染物、空氣污染指數和空氣質量級別。
空氣質量與空氣質量級別的對應關系（表一）
空氣質
量指數
0～50
51～100
101～150
151～200
201～250
251～300
＞300
空氣質
量狀況
優
良
輕度污
染Ⅰ
輕度污
染Ⅱ
中度污
染Ⅰ
中度污染Ⅱ
重度
污染
空氣質
量級別
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
2003年5月×日我國部分城市空氣質量日報（表二）
城市
首要污染物
空氣污染指數
空氣質量級別
上海
可吸入顆粒物
111
Ⅲ輕度污染
天津
可吸入顆粒物
82
昆明
二氧化硫
61
Ⅱ良
海口
―
24
Ⅰ優
（1）上述城市中容易出現酸雨的城市是 ；
（2）請根據表一和表二中的內容，確定當日天津的空氣質量級別，并填在表二的空格內。
【解析】本題的關鍵是正確而有效地利用題中提供的信息，從中找出判斷空氣質量好壞的方法和標準。然后結合具體的問題做出合理的分析判斷。注意并非空氣污染指數越高，越容易出現酸雨。酸雨的形成主要與大氣污染物二氧化硫有關，因此題中容易出現酸雨的城市不是上海，而是昆明。
【答案】（1）昆明 （2）Ⅱ良
【例題4】
（1）市場上銷售的香腸、鹽水鴨、榨菜、豆腐干等食品，常采用真空包裝、真空包裝的目的是除去空氣，使大多數微生物因缺少 氣而受到抑制，停止繁殖，同時防止食品發生緩慢氧化而變質。
（2）茶葉、肉松、膨化食品等常采用真空充氣包裝，即將食品裝入包裝袋，抽出包裝袋內空氣，再充入防止食品變質的氣體，然后封口、真空充氣包裝能使食品保持原有的色、香、味及營養價值，防止食品受壓而破碎變形。
【提出問題】充入食品包裝袋中的氣體是什么?
【猜想與驗證】可能是N2，實驗初步驗證的方法及現象是 。充入的氣體還可能是：① ；② ……
【解析】本題考查學生學習和利用信息資料解決問題的能力，同時培養學生開放性思維主動進行問題探究的意識和能力。解題的關鍵是認真閱題，理解并利用題中的信息，結合空氣組成。真空包裝和真空充氣包裝食品的共同之處都是使食品袋內缺少氧氣和水分，這樣微生物生理活動受到抑制，另外使食品本身不能發生緩慢氧化而變質，從而延長了保質期。真空充氣包裝顯然不是真空，但充入的氣體應具備不供給呼吸，化學性質穩定，不會帶來危害，又比較容易獲得等特點。因此猜想應朝這方面進行，這類常見的氣體有氮氣和二氧化碳，稀有氣體獲得較難，成本高，不考慮。這樣猜想驗證實施，就利用氮氣和二氧化碳化學性質進行比較完成。
【答案】
（1）氧
（2）將燃著的木條伸入該氣體，火焰熄滅，然后將該氣體通入澄清石灰水中，石灰水變渾濁。①氮氣②氮氣和二氧化碳
【知識訓練】
基礎知識訓練
1、關于空氣說法中錯誤的是（ ）
A、 空氣不是一種單一的氣體
B、造成空氣污染的氣體主要是二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮
C、通過實驗得出空氣是由氧氣和氮氣組成結論的科學家是美國化學家普利斯特里
D、沒有顏色和氣味的氣體不一定是空氣
2、盛澄清石灰水的燒杯敞口放置于空氣中一段時間后變渾濁，是由于空氣中含有（ ）
A、氮氣 B、氧氣 C、二氧化碳 D、水蒸氣
3、下列過程不會對空氣造成污染的是（ ）
A、人和動物呼出的二氧化碳 B、煤燃燒產生的煙霧
C、汽車尾氣排放的煙霧 D、石油化工廠排放的廢氣
4、植樹節達到了高潮，關于植樹造林的目的，下列說法不正確的是（ ）
A、防止沙塵暴 B、防止水土流失
C、凈化空氣 D、增加空氣中的二氧化碳含量
5、 今年3月10日，我市出現了大范圍的揚沙天氣，此天氣使空氣中增加了大量的（ ）
A、 一氧化碳 B、 可吸入顆粒物
C、 二氧化氮 D、 二氧化硫
6、 在治理城市空氣污染中所采取的措施不正確的是（ ）
A、 焚燒落葉 B、 增加綠地面積
C、 減少用煤作燃料 D、、 汽車改用清潔燃料
7、
A、二氧化硫、氮氣、二氧化氮 B、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氮氣
C、一氧化碳、甲烷、氫氣 D、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮
8、空氣中一般不含有的是（ ）
A、氮氣 B、氫氣 C、二氧化碳 D、稀有氣體
9、下列事實說明空氣中含有哪些成分：
（1）人和動植物的呼吸 ；
（2）炸脆的食物放置一段時間后變軟 ；
（3）空氣是制造氮肥的原料 ；
（4）長期放置的澄清石灰水的試劑瓶內有一層白膜 。
10、小白鼠在盛有空氣的密閉容器中可以生活一段時間，說明空氣中含有 。
綜合提高訓練
1、許多城市禁止燃放煙花爆竹，主要原因是防止（ ）
①空氣污染； ②噪聲污染； ③發生火災； ④污染城市環境。
A、 ①② B、 ①③ C、②③ D、①②③④
2、下列物質的使用，能減輕污染的是（ ）
①無鉛汽油； ②無氟制冷劑； ③無磷洗衣粉； ④脫硫煤。
A、①② B、②③④ C、①②③④ D、①②③
3、現代人正進入以“室內空氣污染”為標志的第三個污染時期，以下不屬于室內空氣污染物的是（ ）
A、烹飪時產生的油煙
B、水果散發的香氣
C、石材釋放出有放射性的稀有氣體氡
D、劣質粘合劑釋放出含有甲醛等有害氣體
4、下圖分別是地球和火星的大氣組成（體積分數）示意圖。下列說法正確的是（ ）
Ａ、地球和火星的大氣中O2的體積分數相等
Ｂ、地球和火星的大氣中都含有N2
Ｃ、地球和火星的大氣中CO2的體積分數相同
Ｄ、地球和火星的大氣組成完全相同
5、環境污染已成對人類造成重大威脅。下列名詞與環境污染無關的是（ ）
A、潮汐 B、酸雨 C、臭氧空洞 Ｄ、工業三廢
6、“人文奧運、綠色奧運、科技奧運”將成為2008年北京奧運會的三個主題，北京將采取的下列措施中與“綠色奧運”關系最密切的是（ ）
A、建成四通八達的快速交通網絡
B、綜合治理環境，實現天更藍、水更清、地更綠
C、進行信息化建設，奠定“數字北京”的基礎
D、建設和改造水、電、氣、熱等生活設施
7、空氣的主要成分是 和 ，按體積計算約21％是 ，78％是 。已知氧氣密度為1.429克／升，氮氣密度為1.25克／升，空氣密度為1.293克／升，若按質量計算，空氣中氧氣 （填“＞”、“＜”或“＝”）21％。燈泡內一般充入 或 可使燈泡耐用，這一用途是利用了上述氣體的 性質。
8、某課外活動小組設計了測定空氣中氧氣體積分數的實驗，實驗裝置如下：
（1）該實驗紅磷過量的原因是 ；寫出紅磷燃燒的文字表達式 ；
（2）待燃燒停止，白煙消失并冷卻后，打開止水夾，觀察到燒杯中的水進入集氣瓶，瓶內水面最終接近1處，由此可知氧氣約占空氣總體積的 。由本實驗還可以推知氮氣的哪些性質？試寫出2種 。
（3）若將紅磷換成碳粉，該實驗能否得到理想的結果？ （填“能”或“不能”），理由是 。
【中考鏈接】
1、
2、為探究植物光合作用的原理，某校學生設計了如下實驗裝置。在同樣條件下，你預測數天后植物生長最茂盛的是（ ）
3、下圖是某大理石雕像分別攝于1908年、1969年的兩幅圖片。雕像的嚴重腐蝕反映出最主要的環境污染問題是什么?請就如何解決這一環境污染問題提出你的建議。(至少提出兩點)
4、某研究性學習小組設計了如下圖所示的裝置，探究空氣中氧氣的體積分數，其中A是底面積為50 cm3、高20cm的圓筒狀玻璃容器(帶密封蓋)，上面標有以cm為單位的刻度．B是帶刻度的敞口玻璃管(其他輔助裝置略)。他們的操作過程如下：
a、檢查裝置的氣密性；
b、加入水并調整B的高度．使A中的液面至刻度15 cm處；
c、將過量的銅粉平鋪在惰性電熱板上。蓋緊密封蓋；
d、通電加熱銅粉，待充分反應后，冷卻到原來的狀況，調整B的高度使容器A、B中的液面保持水平，記錄液面刻度。(注：A容器內固態物質所占的體積忽略不計)
（1）在操作a中檢查裝置氣密性的方法是 。
（2）在上述實驗中，下列物質不能代替銅粉的是 (填字母)。
A、紅磷 B、木炭 C、鐵粉
（3）往操作d結束時，裝置A 中液面的刻度約為 cm(填整數)。如果在操作d結束時，裝置A中液面刻度在11cm處．則實驗結果比理論值 (填“偏大”或“偏小”)。
⑷該小組中有同學提出，用木炭代替銅粉也能測定空氣中氧氣的體積分數．只要將水換成一種溶液，則該溶液是 ，其原因是 。
答案
基礎知識訓練
1、C（通過實驗證明空氣成分的科學家是法國的拉瓦錫）
2、C（二氧化碳和澄清石灰水反應變渾濁）
3、A（其他三個選項均可污染空氣）
4、D（植物光合作用吸入二氧化碳，釋放氧氣，而并非增加空氣中的二氧化碳）
5、B（揚沙是可吸入顆粒物）
6、A（燃燒落葉會有害氣體及粉塵的產生，導致空氣污染）
7、D（污染空氣的三種氣體是：二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮）
8、B（根據空氣組成判斷）
9、【答案】
（1）氧氣；
（2）水蒸氣；
（3）氮氣；
（4）二氧化碳
10、【答案】氧氣（氧氣支持呼吸）
綜合知識訓練
1、D（煙花爆竹導致上述四個原因，污染有大氣污染、食品污染、噪聲污染等）
2、C（①②④減輕空氣污染；③減輕水污染）
3、B
4、B（分析圖形進行比較）
5、A（酸雨、臭氧空洞、工業三廢都是污染導致或能引起污染的）
6、B
7、【答案】氮氣、氧氣，氧氣、氮氣，＞（設空氣的體積為V，氧氣的質量為1、429×21%×V，空氣質量為1、293×V，得出氧氣的質量分數為：（1、429×21%×V）÷（1、293×V）=23、2%＞21%）；氮氣和稀有氣體或稀有氣體；性質穩定，不易與其他物質反應。
8、【答案】
（1）保證瓶內的氧氣全部消耗完，紅磷+氧氣
五氧化二磷
（2）1/5，不能助燃、不溶于水（或化學性質穩定），不能，碳粉燃燒生成二氧化碳氣體，瓶內氣體體積無明顯的變化，不能形成壓強差。
【中考鏈接答案】
1、【解析】解題的關鍵是了解人類面臨的空氣污染主要有粉塵和有害氣體（包括CO、SO2、NO2等氮氧化合物）。對空氣污染因素種類很多，要明確和層次分明。一定要注意CO2雖然在空氣的含量過多會引起溫室效應，但它不是空氣污染物。另外此題要解答的是氣體污染物，而不是固體懸浮物―煙塵。
【答案】 CO、SO2、NO2等氮氧化合物中的一種或名稱。
2、【解析】氫氧化鈉可以吸收二氧化碳氣體，濃硫酸可以吸水，所以B、C的植物生長的不好，而D只有水，植物生長得也不會很好，A中雪碧飲料既能產生二氧化碳又有水，所以A數天后植物生長最茂盛。
3、【解析】大理石不溶于水，但圖示告訴我們她溶于酸，這樣可知道大理石雕像被腐蝕應該是空氣污染后產生的酸雨所造成的。聯系空氣污染會引起酸雨的是SO2和NO2，這些氣體來自于工廠的廢氣和燃燒含硫、氮的化石燃料燃燒所至。這樣就找到了解題的方向。
【答案】此圖反映出環境污染問題是：酸雨問題。
建議：限制含硫煤的使用；化工廠尾氣處理達標后排放；使用綠色能源；汽車尾氣經處理后排放。
4、【解析】檢驗裝置的氣密性必須要形成封閉體系，所以要往B中加水，使A、B液面保持水平，蓋緊 A的密封蓋，再向B中加水，使B中的液面高于A，一段時間后B中液面不下降，則氣密性好。要測定空氣中氧氣的體積分數，應選擇能和氧氣反應，產生固體的物質，木炭和氧氣生成二氧化碳氣體，所以不能選擇。因空氣的氧氣約占1/5，反應后裝置A體積縮小1/5即3mL，為12mL，現為11mL，故實驗結果比理論值偏大。若要用木炭粉代替銅粉，要把水換成能吸收二氧化碳的試劑即石灰水或氫氧化鈉溶液。
【答案】
（1）往B中加水，使A、B液面保持水平，蓋緊 A的密封蓋，再向B中加水，使B中的液面高于A，一段時間后B中液面不下降，則氣密性好。(或往B中加水，使A、B液面保持水平，蓋緊A的密封蓋，再用手捂住A的外壁，若B中的液面上升，則氣密性好。)
（2）B
（3）12 ，偏大
（4）澄清石灰水或氫氧化鈉溶液， 用石灰水或氫氧化鈉吸收反應生成的二氧化碳。
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