08理綜化學高考的啟示與09復習策略
???陜西省寶雞市石油中學 馮秋紅 （721002）
摘要：從近年來的理綜化學高考命題“實施知識立意向能力立意轉化”的趨勢，結合現狀分析探討化學教學中存在的不足，論述教學重心由注重知識傳輸轉向注重能力培養的迫切性和可行性。指導處理好知識與能力的辨正關系，提高化學教學效率,促進素質教育的全面實施。
關鍵詞：化學 高考 啟示 對策
每年有一次“地震”,高考就是震源。對教學，對管理，對學生，對老師都會有震感，使中國教育在反思，在探索……而今年是有強烈震感的，2008年理綜（陜西卷）著實讓陜西考生郁悶了一把，尤其是一直以“容易”面孔出現的化學試題難度陡然增加，絆倒了不少考生。結合試題盤點，我們不難發現以下顯著的特點。
1、高考化學試題打破了知識板塊壁壘，加大了學科內知識整合力度，涌現出大量將實驗與元素化合物知識、計算知識相結合，有機化合物知識和有關計算相結合，定性分析和定量計算相結合的試題，昭示出清晰的命題指向；如26題將化學的基本理論、元素化合物知識、化學實驗以及化學計算綜合在一起考查，就表現出此類特點。
2、出題的意圖，實施知識立意向能力立意轉化，這是高考主攻方向。試卷中越來越多的試題由知識型考查轉向能力型考查，對知識點的要求難度降低，但能力要求更高。如現在高考題中很少在知識深度上做文章，往往是把書本上的知識點與生產實際、日常生活、工業流程聯系起來，所以，雖說有關的知識點并不難，但它要求學生的閱讀能力、聯系實際的能力要進一步提高。如26題注重考核學生的能力，學生只有具備較好的閱讀能力，才能理解、分析所給信息，并利用所獲得的信息去解決問題。考生如果閱讀能力較差，往往會看不懂題目，一旦讀懂題意后，化學方面的知識點并不難，將游刃有余。
3、出題角度改變，帶來試題亮點，信息能力、圖表信息分析題、開放題有所增加，通過改造、擴充、延伸傳統試題，穩定試卷難度，同時向“題海”戰術提出挑戰；在看似簡單的背景知識下，創新設問方式和答題指向，考查出考生思維的靈活性、廣闊性和全面性。對學生運用知識解決問題的能力進行考查。高考中的有些信息可能是考生沒有學過，它可能涉及到化學基本理論、元素及其化合物以及某些具體反應等等。28題的化學實驗本身并不難，難在物質的推斷上，它保持了近幾年來源于教材實驗的風格點。它要求考生首先要接受試題所給出的信息，其次將試題所給出的信息與課內所學的知識點相結合起來，最后在仔細了解本題的要求后迅速、全面、正確地給與回答。實驗原理來自教材內容，實驗裝置高于教材，但卻基礎、新穎，雖然物質PbO未學過，不過與該物質PbO的相應分數并不多，只是方程式的書寫，許多考生受思維定勢影響，非要將Mz中的M推倒出來，以至于一條道走到黑，學的太死，無法得出正確結論；對于只會機械讀書、機械應用書本知識的考生來說，就不是那么容易得分了。
根據以上特點，給了我們教學以下啟示：素質教育已經不再只是單純的提倡口號，而是當今教育的實實在在的必須，高考既是對人才的選拔，也是對我們平日教學成果的考查。通過理論與實際的聯系，在分析和解決具體問題的情境中，考查學生的“雙基”掌握程度和知識綜合運用能力，仍是高考化學命題的主要指向。這就要求我們教學中必須立足雙基，重視能力培養，在提高學生素質上下功夫。那么如何才能實現這一愿望呢？
1、扎扎實實抓“雙基”教學
立足雙基，網絡化知識結構，打破條塊分割，系統化的學習練習。把（Ⅰ）卷（Ⅱ）卷中“送分送到手”的題先牢固抓住在基礎上求變、求新、求靈活。在平時教學中，應在打好基礎、培養能力上做文章，幫助學生形成條理化、有序化、網絡化的知識結構，改變“題海戰術”的訓練模式，有意識地把教學過程變為化學思維活動的過程，充分調動學生思維活動的積極性，在習題教學中增強交互性，解題后注意反思。不斷完善提高發展能力。
2、理論聯系實際，活學活用在能力培養上下功夫。
化學基本知識、基本技能是每年化學高考試題的基本出發點，但試題的呈現往往靈活多變，這就要求我們對每個知識點應有所突破，不應停留在聽起來都懂，做起來都不會，那樣是浮于表面的“死”知識，是經不起考驗的。在高考復習過程中應通過適當的化學問題與練習，不斷的自我反思，體會以不變應萬變的感覺，并在變中的思考時有依據可循，若沒有固著點，則會因出題情形的改變而使考生做題時沒有頭緒、思路。因此雖說近幾年高考各方面能力要求在提高，但能力的提高不是一句空話，而應該是在狠抓基礎知識，對知識點能有所突破，有所參悟，從而達到提高思維能力的結果。
中學化學中的創新教育不是去開拓和創新未知的知識和知識體系，而是創設一定條件和氛圍，引導、啟發學生去模擬、探究原科學家的實踐活動過程，發現“新”現象，通過聯想、判斷、推理和綜合分析，歸納出物質呈現如此現象的本質和規律，化學是一門以實驗為基礎的學科，在平時教學過程中，要充分利用化學實驗或其它直觀條件激發學生的觀察興趣，引導學生掌握基本的觀察方法，把觀察和思維緊密地結合起來，使學生養成良好的觀察習慣。如在引導學生觀察實驗儀器時，要求學生弄清實驗儀器的各結構名稱、使用方法與使用條件；觀察實驗現象時，要求學生從整體到局部，從靜到動，從反應物到生成物的狀態，要弄清觀察對象的主要特征及變化情況，引導學生從化學現象中發現問題、提出問題、分析問題和解決問題。同時，教師要在實驗時留有“空白”和“開發區”，引導學生去發現，去創新，鍛煉自己的創新實踐能力。把所學的知識和現實生活聯系起來，學以致用，以用促學，在不斷的探索中發展能力，提高素質。
一年一度的高考備受世人關注, 無論從整體看,從個體看還是從命題看,升學競爭實際上已是全面素質的競爭。化學科高考命題其主要功能在于選拔優秀學生，并指導中學化學教學。因而在命題原則上體現出既有利于為高校選拔優秀學生，又有利于對中學教學起到良好的導向作用。因此，研究和分析近年來的高考試卷，對于今年乃至今后的教學走向和高考復習指導具有十分重要的作用。對改變“應試教育”，實施素質教育,提高化學教學效率是一個很好的促進。
江西省白鷺洲中學08―09年度高二英語下學期第一次月考試卷
命題人： 劉麗蘭 審題人： 胡苗琴
第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共115分）
第一部分：聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）
第一節 （共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題目所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1．Why does the woman go to the city?
A、To meet her father.
B、To stay here. C、To find a job.
2．What is Frank planning to do?
A、Move to a big city.
B、Become a teacher. C、Go back to school.
3．What does the woman mean?
A、The plan will be put off if it is raining.
B、The plan will be cancelled if it is raining.
C、The plan will be carried out whether it is raining or not.
4．How many languages does BBC World Service use?
A、34. B、35. C、36.
5．Where is the woman’s mother now?
A、At home. B、In hospital. C、At work.
第二節 （共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C、三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的聽第6段材料，回答6至8題。
6．What are the two speakers going to do now?
A、To eat something.
B、To call their friend. C、To walk around town.
7．Why does the man want the woman to meet Howard?
A、He is a funny man.
B、He is the hotel manager. C、He is leaving the town soon.
8．When will the two spekers meet Howard?
A、Before 1:00 B、At 12:
聽第7段材料，回答9至11題。
9．Why does Alice call Don?
A、Don’s dog barks a lot.
B、Don is quarrelling with his wife.
C、Don’s dog gives off a strange smell.
10．How does Don feel at first when he gets the phone?
A、Regretful. B、Surprised. C、Annoyed.
11．What will Don probably do after the conversation?
A、To go on sleeping. B、To go out a moment.
C、To feed his dog.
聽第8段材料，回答12至14題。
12．What did the man blame air pollution at first?
A、Cars. B、People. C、Factories.
13．Why did the woman dislike the man driving to school?
A、He made travelling inconvenient.
B、He missed a lot of exercise.
C、He spent too much money on his car.
14．What is the relationship between the speakers?
A、Husband and wife. B、Student and techer.
C、Boss and employee.
聽第9段材料，回答15至17題。
15．What do you think Robert Redford is?
A、An actor. B、The man’s boss.
C、The manager of the cinema.
16．What can we learn about Saturday?
A、It will be sunny. B、They will stay home that day.
C、A good film will be on that day.
17．What will they do before they go out to the movies on Saturday?
A、Meet Ed and Jean. B、Play tennis.
C、Have a big dinner outside.
聽第10段材料，回答18至20題。
18．Who is the speaker most probably talking to?
A、Some tourists. B、Some students. C、Some researchers.
19．When will the group of people probably get up tomorrow?
A、At 5:00 am. B、At 5:30 am. C、At 6:00 am.
20．What shouldn’t they take tomorrow?
A、The map. B、Warm clothes. C、Video cameras.
第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）
第一節 單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
21．---- I didn’t pass the English exam.
---- next time, and you’ll succeed.
A、Working hard B、Work hard
C、To work hard D、With hard work
22．We were all shocked at the news that he was in prison.
A、the; the B、the; a C、/; / D、the; /
23．Excuse me, six, Mr white has arrived, he wait outside or just come in ?
A、Shall B、May C、Could D、Must
24．I really don’t know I had my money stolen.
A、it was where that B、when was it that
C、where it was that D、that it was when
25．When running around the corner, Mike was in with another boy.
A、contact B、connection C、collision D、conflict
26． by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently.
A、Driven B、Being driven
C、To drive D、Having driven
27．Everyone arrived Late at the party, for reasons.
A、a number of B、a great deal of
C、a variety of D、Large guantities of
28．----Why didn’t you go fishing with your friends yesterday ?
----Well, fishing is a hobby which a great deal of patience, which I don’t have .
A、calls in B、calls for
C、calls up D、calls on
29．He has put up a private company, but he in the college for about 15years.
A、works B、has been working
C、worked D、had worked
30．We agreed to accept they thought was the best tourist guide.
A、whoever B、whomever
C、whatever D、whichever
31．I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply not let me come throgh the gate.
A、could B、would C、might D、should
32．The marine organisms take the density of water is great.
A、use of B、advantage,with
C、disadvantage of D、advantage, of
33．The book was boring, it wasn’t to me.
A、benefit B、benefited
C、benefiting D、of benefit
34． , his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A、As is believed B、It is believed
C、He is believed that D、Who believed that
35．Mum had to cook different courses for Mike , for his tastes are .
A、various B、variety C、vary D、varied
第二節 完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
Nowadays lots of students ask their parents for money to buy things they like. For me, to ask for money is like entering a(n) 36 . I learned this from 37 .
Last year my mother told me that the 38 way I would get my driver’s license before I turned eighteen depended on 39 I paid for the classes myself. “What ?”I asked in 40 .Judging by the look on my mother’s face, I knew 41 that my reasoning would have no 42 on the situation.
Three weeks later, I started working 43 a hostess at a factory, twice a week. A month later I paid $270 for driving lessons, and then over $20 to 44 my permit test ?all paid for by 45 other than yours truly. My pockets were empty 46 as soon as they were filled.
My mother thought that I’d be 47 to do things without her help. The funny thing was that even though I was totally 48 in the beginning. I truly appreciated it, 49 if I had just been handed bills from her.
When I realized that my mother wasn’t going to 50 something like a driver’s license, at first, it seemed as if she had put an immovable 51 before me and I would never 52 it. But my mother was 53 . She knew that I wanted a luxury(奢侈品) but 54 me to get it. That is as 55 as this―if I really want it, I’ll find a way to get it myself.
36．A、office B、prison C、battlefield D、bank
37．A、facts B、experience C、lessons D、quarrels
38．A、best B、proper C、same D、only
39．A、whether B、that C、how D、when
40．A、trouble B、disbelief C、comfort D、horror
41．A、hurriedly B、jokingly C、instantly D、unexpectedly
42．A、effect B、sense C、effort D、result
43．A、with B、for C、like D、as
44．A、pass B、take C、hold D、gain
45．A、all B、any C、none D、some
46．A、almost B、even C、still D、yet
47．A、ready B、likely C、unhappy D、unable
48．A、terrified B、annoyed C、tired D、disturbed
49．A、more than B、rather than C、no more D、no longer
50．A、pay B、raise C、buy D、fund
51．A、stone B、log C、block D、mass
52．A、get about B、get by C、get through D、get over
53．A、wise B、mistaken C、strict D、kind
54．A、dared B、forced C、encouraged D、expected
55．A、well B、far C、soon D、simple
第三部分 閱讀理解(共20小題; 每小題2分,滿分40分)
A
Scientists have discovered 11 new species of plants and animals in Vietnam, including a snake, two butterflies and five orchid varieties, the World Wildife Fund said Wednesday.
The new species were found in a remote region known as the “Green Corridor” in Thua Thien Hue province in central Vietnam, the international conservation group said. “You can only discover so many new species in very special places, and the Green Corridor is one of them,”Chris Dickinson, the WWF’s chief technical adviser in the region, said in a statement.
The new snake species, the white-lipped keel back, generally lives near streams and eats frogs and other small animals, the WWF said . It has a yellow-white stripe along its head, red dots on its body and can grow to more than 30 inches long.
The new butterfly species are among eight discovered in Thua Thien Hue since 1996. One is a “skipper”, a butterfly that flies in a quick, darting motion.
Three of the new orchid species are leafless, which is unusual for orchids, the WWF said. The other new plant species include one in the aspidistra family, which produces a black flower and can exist in low light ,and arum(海芋屬植物), which produces yellow flowers surrounded by funnelshaped leaves.
“It’s great news for Vietnam,” said Bernard O’Callaghan, Vietnam program coordinator for the World Conservation Union. “The jungles and mountains of Vietnam are fascinating places and they continue to surprise scientists.” The WWF said all the new species are exclusive to tropical forests in Vietnam’s Annamits mountain range. It said all the species in the area are under threat from illegal logging, hunting and development.
56．Which would be the best title for this text?
A、New Plants and Animals in Vietnam
B、Importance of New Species in Vietnam
C、Great News for Vietnam
D、New Plant and Animal Species Found in Vietnam
57．Which of the following is NOT false according to the passage?
A、The new snake species was found in the “Green Corridor” in eastern Vietnam.
B、Chris Dickinson probably believes that the above mentioned species exist nowhere else in the world but tropical forests in Vietnam’s Annamits mountain range.
C、The newly-found snake species lives near streams and eats small animals except frogs.
D、The Green Corridor is the only special place to discover so many new species.
58．By saying “The jungles and mountains of Vietnam are fascinating places and they continue to surprise scientists”,the author intends to .
A、express that scientists often get surprised at such jungles and mountains
B、warn people against walking in the jungles and mountains
C、say that scientists are eager to make important finds in the jungles and mountains
D、tell readers that scientists are afraid to go to these fascinating places
59．All these statements are true EXCEPT .
A、“skipper” is one of the new butterfly species that can fly quickly
B、the new butterfly species was originally discovered in 1996
C、an arum is not a branch of the new orchid species
D、the local government has taken effective measures to protect these rare species
B
The Australian continent is a land like no other. Its animals, plants and landscapes have evolved (演化) over one thousand years, and there are about a million different natural species （物種）in Australia. More than 80 per cent of the country’s plants and animals are unique to Australia, along with most of the fish and almost half the birds.
Australia has more than 140 species of marsupials (有袋動物)，including koalas, wombats and the Tasmanian devil, now found only in the Australian wilderness. More than 750 species of birds have been recorded in Australia, 350 of which are found nowhere else in the world. Among them are the kookaburra, the rainbow lorikeet and fairy penguins. There are also 55 differernt species of macropods―the kangaroo family―native to Australia. They vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from half a kilogram to 90 kilograms.
The country has been making every effort to protect its natural heritage. Despite the large size of the continent, the majority of Australians live on the coast and in major cities―around 75 per cent of Australia’s population lives in city areas.
Australia is the driest continent on earth. Its center has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is dry. These dry areas extend from the large central deserts to the western coast. Soils in these areas are very poor compared to other deserts. This has given Australians a great challenge.They have to make the best use of the variety of regions to meet the competing demands of agriculture, economy and conservation.
60．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A、Australia is a very large country.
B、Australia has a very long history.
C、Australia has its unique natural species.
D、Australia has the largest number of plants and animals in the
world.
61．Wombats and the Tasmanian devil are the names of .
A、plants B、animals C、places D、people
62．About kinds of birds can only be found in Australia.
A、140 B、350 C、400 D、750
63．Most of Australians live .
A、in the middle of the country B、in the countryside
C、in the west of the country D、in the coastal cities
C
In a survey of 1,500 European hotel managers, Americans were ranked second, behind the Japanese, as the world's best tourists. In the survey, conducted in April by the online travel site Expedia's German branch, Americans were seen as the most likely to try to speak a foreign language and the most interested in sampling local food.
Americans came in third, behind the Japanese and British, as the "most polite" tourists, and third, behind the Japanese and Germans, as "best behaved." And - we're sure this has nothing to do with how the hotel managers view Americans - Americans were ranked far and away as the world's most generous tippers and biggest spenders.
On the other hand, Americans were seen as the shabbiest dressers, the most likely to complain and the second noisiest. Who's louder? Only the Italians.
Some of the other findings: Russians were seen as the least polite travelers, followed by the Israelis and French. The stingiest tippers: the Germans, followed by the French and Israelis.
Italians, by far, were ranked as the best dressers, followed by the French and Spanish. In terms of bad dressing, the British were a distant second to Americans, followed by the Germans.
Who's the most unwilling to try speaking in a foreign language? The French, the British and the Italians, in that order.
The Chinese are the most reluctant to sample foreign food, followed closely by - this is strange - the British, whose home cuisine is probably the world's most seriously laughed at (a little unfairly, perhaps.)
And, finally, the overall award for "worst tourists in the world" goes to the French, with the Indians and Chinese taking home the silver and bronze, respectively.
64．The writer presents the passage here hoping to ________.
A．praise some travelers
B．criticize some travelers
C．present the result of a survey
D．encourage people to travel
65．Considering the best behaviour, the tourists ranking second are from _______.
A．Britain B．America C．Japan D．Germany
66．According to the survey, the worst dressers in tourists are ____.
A．the British B．Americans C．the Germans D．the Spanish
67．The underlined word “cuisine” can be replaced by ________.
A．cooking B．decoration
C．education D．management
D
Two University of Oklahoma scientists are starting research that they hope will someday lead to the development of a vaccine（疫苗） to fight against the HIV Virus, which causes AIDS.
The research, to be carried out by Mark Lang, an assistant professor at the OU Health Sciences Center, and microbiologist John West , will examine the basic aspects of the immune system, rather than the complex aspects of the virus.
They theorize that if a key function of the body’s immune system can be found exactly, it could be the first step toward developing a vaccine.
“To develop a new vaccine, we realzed we first have to study and understand the immune system,” Lang said.
Lang said their work will focus on researching the basic antibody responses from Natural Killer―like T―cells . A potential vaccine would contain NKT cells and would improve the immune system’s antibodies, which fight outside invaders such as HIV by preventing them from entering cells or giving the immune system enough of a boost to kill them.
NKT cells, which have been a part of research into cancer and other diseases, have not previously been the focus of HIV research, Lang said.
The research will last 18 months, with tests being performed on mice. The Oklahoma Center is giving $300,000 toward the research, and if the research proves promising, Lang and West will apply to the National Institutes of Health for more funding.
“If we are successful, we will have made an important contribution to the field, but we will still be several steps away from an effective vaccine, ” Lang said.
Lang said that in a best ?case scenario (最好的情況)their research could lead to a vaccine ready for use in about four years.
68．The research to be carried out will focus on .
A、the immune system B、the test performed on mice
C、NKT cells D、the HIV virus
69．The underlined part“a boost ” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “ ”.
A、growth in size B、an amount of time
C、a great number D、an increase in power
70．We can infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 that .
A、other researchers need to help them
B、the research seems to be a failure
C、further research needs to be done
D、the vaccine can kill all viruses
71．What would be the best title for the passage?
A、Two Researchers Begin To Study the Immune System
B、NKT Cells Have Been a Part of Research into Cancer
C、The Relationship Between the Immune System and HIV
D、Two Scientists Work To Develop Hiv Vaccine
E
Middle school teachers in the United States are noticing a new generation of errors coming into their pupils’essays, Associated Press has reported.
An increasing number of students hand in classwork containing words that may confuse adults. For example, they wrote “I WUNT TUBAROXTR” for “I want to be a rock star” and “DLERES PCNU” for“delicious pumpkin”. Middle school theachers say they most frequently encounter “b/c” for “because”, “w/o” for “without” and “4-ever” for “forever”.
Those simple abbreviations (縮略詞) and phonetic spellings are known as “instant messaging-speak” (即時消息式語言) or “IM-speak”. Today these words have become so common in children’s social lives that they are finding their way into essays and other writing assignments.
However, the rise of informal communication through e-mail, Internet blogs and cell phone text messaging has not stopped school teachers from telling students the importance of spelling.
“We’ve got a strict policy so they can be penalized for that―we don’t allow it. We talk about the four levels of the language: slang (俚語), colloquial (口語), informal and formal, which apply to both spoken and written language,” said Beverly Arnold, chairwoman of the English and language arts depart-ment at Owasso High School, Oklahoma.
“I think it’s critically important―for both formal and informal communication. We teach kids that they need to learn to exist in a world outside their social networks, and that repuires them to use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write,” said Marsha Edmonds, director of curriculum in the Tulsa Public Schools, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Teachers use different strategies to teach spelling than they did 20 years ago, Edmonds explained. Instead of giving students random (隨意的) lists of words to master, teachers now draw on vocabulary from the literature their classes are studying or subject matter being covered in science and social studies.
But some educators, like David Warlick, 54, of Raleigh, North Carolina, see the growing young band of instant messengers as a phenomenon that should be celebrated. Teachers should cradit their stuents with inventing a new language ideal for communicating in a high-tech world, said Warlick, who has written three books on technology in the classroom.
72．Many adults feel when seeing the “IM-speak” like “b/c”, “w/o” and “4-ever”.
A、interested B、puzzled C、worried D、disappointed
73．According to Marsha Edmonds, .
A、spelling is only important for formal communication
B、students need to learn to live in their social networks
C、we have four levels of the language: slang, colloquial,
informal and formal
D、students should use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write
74．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A、“IM-speak” is becoming increasingly popular in teenagers’lives.
B、Students in the past spent less time in memorizing the new words.
C、Beverly Arnold is very strict with her students.
D、Teachers used to give students random lists of words to remember.
75．It can be inferred from the passage that .
A、all the teachers say “NO”to “IM-speak”
B、school teachers don’t do enough to stop students from using
“IM-speak”
C、teachers still use old-fashioned methods to teach spelling
nowadays
D、David Warlick is a man who enjoys trying new things
第四部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分35分）
第一節：對話填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
閱讀下面對話，掌握其大意，并根據所給的首字母的提示，在標有題號的右邊橫線上寫出一個英語單詞的完整、正確的形式，使對話通順。
A：Wow, you coat’s very dirty. Did you fall?
B：Yes, I had a terrible 76. e on the underground train when I was on the 77. w to work.A man came up to me and pulled out a knife. He 78.P it right at me.
A：Oh, no. Are you all right? Did he 79. h you ?
B：No. he didn’t, but he took my handbag.
A：Then what happened? What did you do ?
B：I 80. c hold of his arm and he pushed me to the floor.
A：Oh,no. Why did you take his arm ? That’s 81. d .
B：I don’t know. I didn’t think.
A：What did the other 82.P do ? Did they help you ?
B：Yes. Two men ran 83. a the robber and held him.
A：Did the police come?
B：Yes, the police were called and two policemen came and took the 84. r to the 85.P Station.
第二節： 書面表達（滿分25分）
假如你是班長，你們學校本周日將組織一次參觀首都博物館的活動，請你寫一個口頭通知。相關內容如下：
安排：8：00在學校大門口集合，集體乘車去首都博物館；
8：40在導游的帶領下參觀首都博物館；
12：00參觀結束，集體乘車返回學校。
要求：1、參觀過程中請自覺遵守公共秩序；
2、館內禁止拍照；
3、參觀后每人寫一篇感想。
注意：1、詞數：100左右；
2、可根據內容要點適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；
3、通知的開頭已為你寫好。
Dear students,
Attention, please!
衡水中學2008―2009學年第一學期第四次調研考試
高三年級化學試卷
本試卷包含兩部分，第一部分為客觀題，共30個題，50分，將答案填涂到答題卡上；第二部分為主觀題，共7個題，60分，將答案答在答題紙上。請注意答題時間為110分鐘。
可能用到的相對原子質量： H：
Cu：64Mg：24 Ca：40 Fe： 56 Ag：108 Au：197
江西省白鷺洲中學08-09學年高二下學期第一次月考
生 物 試 題
H3O+ + CO32－
16．反應N2O4(g) 
B．
C．
D．
A．
B．
C． D．
Ⅰ．蛋白質中的氮（用氨基表示）在強熱和CuSO4、濃H2SO4
作用下，生成一種無機含氮化合物，反應式為： 
2NH2－ + H2SO4
+ 2H+ 
Ⅱ．該無機化合物在凱氏定氮器中與堿作用，通過蒸餾釋放出NH3，收集于H3BO3
溶液中，生成(NH4)2B4O7。