江蘇省丹陽(yáng)高級(jí)中學(xué)2008―2009學(xué)年度高二年級(jí)期中考試
化學(xué)試卷 5.7
本測(cè)試卷分第Ⅰ部分（選擇題）和第Ⅱ部分（非選擇題），滿(mǎn)分為120分，考試時(shí)間90分鐘。
第Ⅰ卷 （選擇題共 60 分）
物質(zhì)的組成和分類(lèi)
考點(diǎn)聚焦
1． 掌握分子、原子、離子、原子團(tuán)、元素等概念。
2． 掌握混合物、純凈物、單質(zhì)、化合物、金屬、非金屬的概念
3． 掌握氧化物、酸、堿、鹽概念及相互關(guān)系。
4． 了解同位素和同素異形體。
知識(shí)梳理
江蘇省丹陽(yáng)高級(jí)中學(xué)2008-2009學(xué)年度高二期中考試
英語(yǔ)試卷
第一卷（客觀題，共95分）
第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分20分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分5分）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。
1. Where are the two speakers talking now?
A. In a car B. On a bike C. In a train
2. What did the doctor advise the woman to do?
A. Take more sugar B. Lose weightC. Take medicine
3. How much does the man need to pay for two bottles of orange juice?
A. 3 dollars B. 4 dollars C. 6 dollars
4. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Friends B. Mother and son C. Husband and wife
5. What does the man mean?
A. The new classmate has been here for 3 days.
B. He hasn’t seen the new classmate for 3 days.
C. There are three new classmates all together.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第6至8題。
6. When does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the morning B.
In the afternoon C.
At
7. How many people will come with the woman for lunch?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5
8. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will meet a visitor in the restaurant.
B. The restaurant serves lunch
until
C. The woman doesn’t know the restaurant well.
聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第9至11題。
9. Why hasn’t David seen Jessie lately?
A. Because he has been absent from school.
B. Because he has been busy with the study.
C. Because he has been on a summer vacation.
10. Who will go camping according to the dialogue?
A. David and Jessie B. Jessie and her brother C. David and his brother
11. What does Jessie think of camping?
A. It’s cheap and wonderful B. It’s wonderful but unsafe C. It is worthwhile but tiring
聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第12至14題。
12. How many books are there in the library?
A. Over 1 million B. About 2 million C. Over 3 million
13. What is the building to the south of the library?
A. New office building for senior high school.
B. New classroom building for senior high school.
C. New dormitory building for junior high school.
14. Where is the swimming pool located?
A. To the east of the library.
B. In the middle of the school.
C. To the north of the library.
聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第15至17題。
15. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Strangers B. Classmates C. Colleagues
16. How often do the buses run?
A. About every fifteen minutes. B. About every ten minutes. C. About every five minutes.
17. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is new to
聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第18至20題。
18. Why will the speaker put in new light fixtures?
A. Because the old lights don’t light up very well.
B. Because the old lights are all out of fashion.
C. Because there are not enough lights in the house.
19. What will the new addition include?
A. A family room and a dining area.
B. A living room and a dining area.
C. A deck and a living room.
20. What can we learn from the talk?
A. A backdoor will be added to the house.
B. The speaker intends to replace the roof.
C. The speaker plans to replace a part of the carpets.
第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分)
第一節(jié): 單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分) 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
21. ---Can the young girl take charge of the computer company?
---I’m afraid it’s _________ her ability.
A. to B. of C. beyond D. within
22. Intelligence doesn’t mean success. You need to work hard as well.
A．honestly B．comparatively C．simply D．necessarily
23. When valuable, those books enjoyed great success.
A．having found B．found C．being found D．to be found
24. After his _________ of the new mobile phone, the college graduate felt wild with joy.
A. acquisition B. invitation C. concentration D. distinction
25. I’d rather read than watch television, because the programs seem _________ all the time.
A. get worse B. to have got worse
C. that it is getting worse D. to be getting worse
26. ________ feels good to have a hot bath after a day’s hard work.
A. That B. It C. This D. What
27. Scientists say it will be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. that C. before D. when
28. Does it never ________ to you that I may beat him in the game?
A. happen B. handle C. think D. occur
29. It
was already past
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. predicted
30. ________ to the left at the crossroads, and you will see the railway station on your right.
A. Turn B. Turning C. If you turn D. To turn
31. It would _________ if John helped with the housework that we are to finish this afternoon.
A. make a difference B. make sure
C. take into consideration D. keep in mind
32. I’m sending an e-mail to my friend ________ he will give me a hand in the project.
A. in the hope of B. in order to C. in the hope that D. in order of
33. Time _________, we will go shopping in the supermarket.
A. permitted B. permits C. permitting D. having been permitted
34. Are there any difficulties that have _________ from the change of the plan?
A. raised B. rose C. found D. arisen
35. The audience _________ the exits when the alarm was sounded.
A. made up B. made for C. took up D. took for
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分） 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She __36__ John very much. In her eyes he couldn’t do anything __37__. Every morning she would give him breadkfst__38__bed and bring him the papers to read. It isn't really true that he was too__39__to work-in fact he had tried a few__40__. First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to__41__at least six windows. Then he__42__a bus conductor and on his second__43__a passenger stole his bag with all the fares（車(chē)費(fèi)）collected. He even lost his job as a postman__44__he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to people's houses. It seemed that there was__45__suitable work for him. So he__46__to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so__47__about this that she told the news to all her neighbours. “My John is good to be a soldier,” she said. “He is going to be the best soldier there__48__was, I can tell you!”
Then the great day came__49__he was to march past the palace in the parade（接受檢閱的隊(duì)伍）.His__50__mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good__51__in the crowd.
The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his __52__ came in sight some of the people watching __53__ laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the other as they marched along.
But Ella Fant, who was filled with __54__, shouted at the top of her voice: “Look at them! They’re all out of __55__ except my John! Isn’t he the best!”
36. A. depended on B. waited on C. trusted D. loved
37. A. wrong B. great C. good D. strange
38. A. to B. at C. in D. by
39. A. lazy B. young C. weak D. shy
40. A. ones B. years C. tasks D. jobs
41. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean
42.A. followed B. met C. became D. found
43.A. day B. try C. route D. chance
44.A. even if B. so that C. because D. though
45.A. some B. such C. less D. no
46.A. began B. promised C. managed D. decided
47.A. excited B. worried C. anxious D. curious
48.A. yet B. ever C. never D. just
49.A. where B. since C. when D. till
50.A. proud B. kind C. strict D. lucky
51.A. time B. position C. experience D. impression
52.A. neighbours B. army officer C. mother D. fellow soldiers
53.A. couldn't help B. shouldn't burst out C. stopped D. kept
54.A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret
55.A. sight B. order C. mind D. step
第三部分：（I）閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
【A】
It’s great fun to explore new places ? it feels like an adventure, even when you know you’re not the first to have been there. But make sure not to get lost or waste time going round in circles.
●Do the map reading if you’re being driven somewhere. It’ll be easier if you keep turning the map so it follows the direction you’re traveling in. keep looking ahead so that you can give the driver lots of warning before having to make a turn, or you’ll have to move to the back seat.
●Get a group of friends together and go exploring. You’ll need a good map, a compass (指南針) a raincoat, a cell phone to call for help in case you get lost, and a bit of spare cash for emergencies (應(yīng)急現(xiàn)金). Tell someone where you’re going before you set out and let them know what time you expect to be back. The test is in not getting lost, not in seeing how fast you can go, so always stick together, waiting for slower friends to catch up.
●See if your school or a club organizes orienteering activities, in which you need a map and a compass to find your way. This can be done as a sport, with teams trying to find the way from A to B (and B to C etc) in the fastest time, or simply as spare?time activity. Either way, it’s not only good fun, but a great way to keep fit.
56．Sitting beside the driver, you should .
A．direct the driver when necessary
B．look ahead to see where there’s a turn
C．move to the back seat if feeling uncomfortable
D．keep looking at the map to find a place to go to
57．Why do you need to tell someone your exploration plan before setting out?
A．To get information when in danger.
B．To be saved in case of an accident.
C．To share the fun with him/her in exploration.
D．To tell him/her what’s going on with the group members.
58．Orienteering activities can .
A．make people work fast
B．help people stay healthy
C．help people organize other activities
D．make people get prepared for sports
【B】
Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
59．What is true about children when they play games?
A．They can stop playing any time they like.
B．They can test their personal abilities.
C．They want to pick a better team.
D．They don’t need rules.
60．To become a leader in a game the child has to .
A．play well
B．wait for his turn
C．be confident in himself
D．be popular among his playmates
61．Why does a child like playing games?
A．Because he can be someone other than himself.
B．Because he can become popular among friends.
C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
62．The writer believes that .
A．children should make better rules for their games.
B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them.
C．children’s games can do them a lot of good
D．children play games without reasons
【C】
Most rain forests lie to the equator(赤道), where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine．The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain．The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year．This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow, so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round．The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate．They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves．The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke．These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth．
Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls．Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins．Thus these areas are known as the "monsoon forest"．
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains．It is often called the "cloud forest" because clouds often hang over the trees like fog．
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees．Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds．When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals' stomachs and are passed out in their droppings．The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees．
63．The climate of the rain forests near the equator is ________．
A．mild, wet and windy
B．hot, rainy and foggy
C．hot, wet and cloudy
D．warm, wet and sunny
64．We can learn from the passage that ________．
A．tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest
B．there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains
C．clouds help the plants in the rain forests near the deserts to grow
D．the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees
65．According to the passage, ________ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds．
A．a(chǎn)nimals
B．droppings
C．fruits
D．winds
66．This passage is most likely to be found in _________．
A．a(chǎn) travel guide
B．a(chǎn) story book
C．a(chǎn) technical report
D．a(chǎn) geographical book
【D】
Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes(笛子), used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.
The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known, to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders (不速之客).
“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can't earn a living for fear of arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”
Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in prison. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for police.
The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners(從業(yè)者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school, "he said. "Now it's hard to earn even f, 1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it s become impossible.
Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.
More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countryman that angers many snake charmers.
"'We're disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us," said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.
67. According to the passage, snake charmers will be retrained as wildlife teachers mainly because______.
A. schools need large numbers of such teachers
B. most of them cannot support their families
C. their performances on the street are banned
D. the government plans to save the dying art
68. The purpose of the proposed "dial a snake charmer" telephone service is ______.
A. to give performance of snake dancing
B. to teach householders how to catch and kill snakes
C. to offer cleaning service to wealthy householders
D. to help remove unwanted snakes from the houses
69. The word "clandestinely" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by the word "_______"
A. secretly
B. publicly
C. attentively
D. diligently
70. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Snake charmers can easily be recognized by the police on the street.
B. Children of snake charmers would not like to continue their fathers' job.
C. Snake charmers are quite angry with the attitude of their fellow countrymen.
D. The animal rights activists take a negative attitude towards snake charmers.
（II）任務(wù)型閱讀: （共10小題；滿(mǎn)分10分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。每個(gè)空格一個(gè)單詞。
What do you usually use your cell-phone for? Calling friends or sending them text messages?
As technology develops, nowadays cell-phones can do much more than that. They have become an all-in-one device.
A typical example is Apple’s Phone. The touch-screen cell-phone plays music, connects to the Web, sends e-mail and takes photos. More than 1 million Apple’s Phones have been sold since it was launched in June.
“Today’s young people enjoy using all kinds of digital
functions, such as those of a music player, a camera and even a computer,
constantly. An all-in-one device is easy to carry. That is the goal of
developing a technology to make our lives more convenient, simple and relaxed,”
said Professor Ding Shouqian at
However, the all-in-one cell-phones come with some problems. Users have complained that they are too complicated to use, and that their battery life is too short. Cell-phone producers say that they are working hard to make their phones even better.
It’s very convenient to use it. “We are trying to make the cell-phones in a way that people can quickly move from phoning to taking pictures and listening to music,” said Alastair Curtis, Nokia’s chief designer. “If you look at the Nokia 3250 model, it has a twisting bottom. So you twist it half a turn, and it’s in camera mode. You twist it another 90 degrees, and the alpha-numeric(字母和數(shù)字的) keys have disappeared and the music keys are there.” Japanese companies such as Toshiba and Fujitsu are also working to develop a new battery for mobile phone.
If all the problems are solved in the future, all-in-one phones will change our lives for the better.
(71)___▲__
It can play music.
It is (72) ___▲____to the Web.
It can (73) ___▲____ e-mails.
It can also be used as a (74)____▲___.
（75）___▲___
It’s easy to carry.
It can make our lives more (76) ___▲___,simple and relaxing.
Problems
The cell-phones are not (77) ___▲___ to use.
Their battery doesn’t (78) ___▲___long.
Ways to solve the problems
Make it easy and (79) ___▲___to move from one mode to another.
The companies make better batteries that last(80)___▲___.
（請(qǐng)將本題答案寫(xiě)在下一頁(yè)的指定位置！）
班級(jí)___________姓名____________________學(xué)號(hào)___________
任務(wù)型閱讀答案：
71. _________________ 72. _________________ 73. ________________ 74. ________________
75.__________________ 76. _________________ 77. __________________ 78. ________________
79. __________________ 80. _________________
第二卷（共25分）
第四部分：寫(xiě)作（共三節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分25分）
第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫(xiě)。正確理解句意并根據(jù)首字母或中文提示，拼寫(xiě)出單詞的正確形式，每個(gè)空格一個(gè)單詞。（每空格1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）。
1. With people’s
living standard being raised, more and more p___________________ cars are
springing up in
2. He once a month
goes to
f __________________ visitor to
the
3. The
KFC tasted so nice and delicious to mouth that it soon gained p__________________
across
4. They
have had to p____________________ going to
5. It seemed that the car had deliberately v___________________ the traffic regulations, which drew the attention of the police.
6. The number of thefts of ___________________ (車(chē)輛，運(yùn)輸工具) has risen by a third in the last three years.
7. He has invested a lot of money in the stock market, and therefore he shows great concern about current ___________________ (事務(wù)，事情).
8. The tablets will work more ______________________ (有效地) if you take a hot drink after them.
9. Another team consisting of 11 members was sent to the earthquake stricken areas, including an ______________________(建筑師).
10. The strong smell of cigarette smoke _____________________ (確認(rèn)) what he had said: there had been a meeting minutes before.
第二節(jié) 書(shū)面表達(dá)（1題，滿(mǎn)分 15 分）
假如你叫Jack,你在自己的學(xué)校就“是否應(yīng)該支持農(nóng)民工進(jìn)入城市”的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。下面是對(duì)部分學(xué)生調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果，請(qǐng)你參照該統(tǒng)計(jì)表給學(xué)校報(bào)刊寫(xiě)一篇英文調(diào)查報(bào)告，并簡(jiǎn)述你的觀點(diǎn)。
有利之處
1.外地民工積極參與城市各行各業(yè)的工作，為城市的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
2.他們從事的大部分是又累又臟甚至是危險(xiǎn)的工作，如清潔工、保姆、建筑工等等。
不利之處
1. 城市更加擁擠。
2. 亂扔垃圾，影響城市衛(wèi)生。
3. 帶來(lái)了安全問(wèn)題。
你的觀點(diǎn)
？
注意：1. 不要逐條翻譯，但可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。
2. 文章的格式已給出。
3. 單詞數(shù)：150左右。
4. 參考詞匯：1.農(nóng)民工
migrant workers 2.當(dāng)保姆 babysitting
Dear editor,
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Yours truly,
Jack
II. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 21―25 CDBAD 26―30 BCDBA 31―35 ACCDB
III. 完形填空： 36―40 DACAD 41―45 CCACD 46―50 DABCA 51―55 BDABD
IV. 閱讀： 【A】56―58 ABB 【B】59―62 ABAC 【C】63―66 DC AD 【D】67―70 DDAB
V. 任務(wù)型閱讀: 71. Functions 72. connected 73. deliver / send 74. camera 75. Advantages
76. convenient 77. easy 78. last 79. quick 80. longer
VI. 單詞拼寫(xiě)： 1. affairs 2. frequent 3. popularity 4. postpone 5. private
6. vehicles 7. violated 8. efficiently 9. architect 10. confirmed
VII. 書(shū)面表達(dá)：
Dear editor,
Recently we’ve conducted a survey on whether to support migrant workers in their moving to cities. Here is a brief report about it.
On one hand, migrant workers do play a very important role in the development of cities. They are actively involved in various kinds of jobs. In particular, they just do jobs such as cleaning, babysitting, and building, which are usually tiring, dirty even dangerous to their health and life. But these jobs are necessary and basic.
On the other hand, with more and more migrant workers coming in, the city is becoming more and more crowded. Also, the transport is much busier than before. To make matters worse, some of them don’t pay much attention to the cleanness and like littering everywhere, making the streets very dirty. The worst of all is that some even turn thieves if they cannot find any suitable jobs.
As far as I’m concerned, migrant workers have made great contributions to the development of big cities. Without them, we won’t have so many high-rise buildings. But if they can be well educated, it will be better for all of us.
Yours truly,
Jack
江蘇省丹陽(yáng)高級(jí)中學(xué)2008―2009學(xué)年度高二年級(jí)期中考試
化學(xué)試卷 5.7
本測(cè)試卷分第Ⅰ部分（選擇題）和第Ⅱ部分（非選擇題），滿(mǎn)分為120分，考試時(shí)間90分鐘。
第Ⅰ卷 （選擇題共 60 分）
2009年高考第二輪熱點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題訓(xùn)練11--化學(xué)平衡的有關(guān)計(jì)算
（五年高考真題精練）
考點(diǎn)1 濃度與轉(zhuǎn)化率的計(jì)算
1．（08海南卷）X、Y、Z三種氣體，取X和Y按1：1的物質(zhì)的量之比混合，放入密閉容器中發(fā)生如下反應(yīng)：X+2Y
2Z
，達(dá)到平衡后，測(cè)得混合氣體中反應(yīng)物的總物質(zhì)的量與生成物的總物質(zhì)的量之比為3：2，則Y的轉(zhuǎn)化率最接近于（ ）
A．33% B．40% C．50% D．65%
2．（08廣東卷）將H2(g)和Br2(g)充入恒容密閉容器，恒溫下發(fā)生反應(yīng)H2（g）+Br2(g)
2HBr（g）
g平衡時(shí)Br2(g)的轉(zhuǎn)化率為a；若初始條件相同，絕熱下進(jìn)行上述反應(yīng)，平衡
時(shí) Br2(g)的轉(zhuǎn)化率為b。a與b的關(guān)系是（ ）
A．a(chǎn)＞b B．a(chǎn)=b C．a(chǎn)＜b D．無(wú)法確定
3．(07寧夏卷)一定條件下，合成氨反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，測(cè)得混合氣體中氨氣的體積分?jǐn)?shù)為20.0%，與反應(yīng)前的體積相比，反應(yīng)后體積縮小的百分率是( )
A．16.7% B. 20.0% C. 80.0% D. 83.3%
4. (07江蘇卷)一定溫度下可逆反應(yīng)：A(s)＋2B(g)
圖1 圖2 圖3
A．保持溫度和活塞位置不變，在甲中再加入1 mol A和2 mol B，達(dá)到新的平衡后，甲中C的濃度是乙中C的濃度的2倍
B．保持活塞位置不變，升高溫度，達(dá)到新的平衡后，甲、乙中B的體積分?jǐn)?shù)均增大
C．保持溫度不變，移動(dòng)活塞P，使乙的容積和甲相等，達(dá)到新的平衡后，乙中C的體積分?jǐn)?shù)是甲中C的體積分?jǐn)?shù)的2倍
D．保持溫度和乙中的壓強(qiáng)不變，t2時(shí)分別向甲、乙中加入等質(zhì)量的氦氣后，甲、乙中反應(yīng)速率變化情況分別如圖2和圖3所示(t1前的反應(yīng)速率變化已省略)
5．（05廣東）對(duì)可逆反應(yīng)4NH3（g）＋5O2（g）
4NO（g）＋6H2O（g），下列敘述正確的是
A．達(dá)到化學(xué)平衡時(shí)，4υ正（O2）＝5υ逆（NO ）
B．若單位時(shí)間內(nèi)生成x mol NO的同時(shí)，消耗x mol NH3 ，則反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)
C．達(dá)到化學(xué)平衡時(shí)，若增加容器體積，則正反應(yīng)速率減少，逆反應(yīng)速率增大
D．化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率關(guān)系是：2υ正（NH3）＝3υ正（H2O）
6.（04北京 ）在一定溫度下，一定體積的密閉容器中有如下平衡：
已知H2和I2的起始濃度均為0.1mol?L-1時(shí)，達(dá)平衡時(shí)HI的濃度為0.16mol?L-1。若H2和I2的起始濃度均變?yōu)?.2mol?L-1，則平衡時(shí)H2的濃度（mol?L-1）是
A. 0.16 B. 0.08 C. 0.04 D. 0.02
7.（04理綜）某溫度下在密閉容器中發(fā)生如下反應(yīng)：
2E（g） 若開(kāi)始時(shí)只充入2mol E（g），達(dá)平衡時(shí)，混合氣體的壓強(qiáng)比起始時(shí)增大了20%；若開(kāi)始時(shí)只充入2mol M和1mol N 的混合氣體達(dá)平衡時(shí)M的轉(zhuǎn)化率為
A．20% B．40% C．60% D．80%
8.（04廣東）一定溫度下，反應(yīng)2SO2+O2
2SO3，達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，n(SO2):n(O2):n(SO3)=2:3:4。縮小體積，反應(yīng)再次達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，n(O2)=0.8 mol，n(SO3)=1.4 mol，此時(shí)SO2的物的量應(yīng)是
A.0.4 mol B.0.6 mol C.0.8 mol D.1.2 mol
9.（04全國(guó))恒溫下，將a mol N2與b mol H2的混合氣體通入一個(gè)固定容積的密閉容器中，發(fā)生如下反應(yīng)： N2
(g) + 3 H2(g)
2NH3(g)
⑴若反應(yīng)達(dá)平衡時(shí)某時(shí)刻t時(shí)，nt (N2) = 13mol，nt (NH3) = 6mol，計(jì)算a的值
⑵反應(yīng)達(dá)平衡時(shí)，混合氣體的體積為726.8L(標(biāo)況下)，其中NH3的含量(體積分?jǐn)?shù))為25%。計(jì)算平衡時(shí)NH3的物質(zhì)的量。
⑶原混合氣體與平衡混合氣體的總物質(zhì)的量之比(寫(xiě)出最簡(jiǎn)整數(shù)比，下同)，
n(始)∶n(平)
= 。
⑷原混合氣體中，a∶b = 。
⑸達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，N2和H2的轉(zhuǎn)化率之比，α(N2)∶α (H2)= 。
⑹平衡混合氣體中，n(N2)∶n(H2)∶n(NH3) = 。
10．（08江蘇卷）將一定量的SO2和含0.7mol氧氣的空氣（忽略CO2）放入一定體積的密閉容器中，550℃時(shí)，在催化劑作用下發(fā)生反應(yīng)：2SO2+O2
2SO3（正反應(yīng)放熱）。反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡后，將容器中的混合氣體通過(guò)過(guò)量NaOH溶液，氣體體積減少了21.28L；再將剩余氣體通過(guò)焦性沒(méi)食子酸的堿性溶液吸收O2，氣體的體積又減少了5.6L（以上氣體體積均為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的體積）。（計(jì)算結(jié)果保留一位小數(shù)）
請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題：
(1）判斷該反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)的標(biāo)志是 。（填字母）
a．SO2和SO3濃度相等 b．SO2百分含量保持不變
c．容器中氣體的壓強(qiáng)不變 d．SO3的生成速率與SO2的消耗速率相等
e．容器中混合氣體的密度保持不變
(2）欲提高SO2的轉(zhuǎn)化率，下列措施可行的是 。（填字母）
a．向裝置中再充入N2 b．向裝置中再充入O2
c．改變反應(yīng)的催化劑 d．生高溫度
(3）求該反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)SO2的轉(zhuǎn)化率（用百分?jǐn)?shù)表示）。
(4）若將平衡混合氣體的5%通入過(guò)量的BaCl2溶液，生成沉淀多少克？
考點(diǎn) 2 有關(guān)平衡常數(shù)的計(jì)算(新課標(biāo))
11．（08寧夏卷）將固體NH4I置于密閉容器中，在一定溫度下發(fā)生下列反應(yīng)：
①NH4I(s)
NH3(g)＋HI(g)；②2HI(g)H2(g)＋I(xiàn)2(g)。
達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，c(H2)＝0.5mol?L－1，c(HI)＝4mol?L－1，則此溫度下反應(yīng)①的平衡常數(shù)為( )
A．9 B．16 C．20 D．25
12．（08山東卷）高溫下，某反應(yīng)達(dá)平衡，平衡常數(shù)K=
.恒容時(shí)，溫度升高，H2濃度減小。下列說(shuō)法正確的是（ ）
A.該反應(yīng)的焓變?yōu)檎?/p>
B．恒溫恒容下，增大壓強(qiáng)，H2濃度一定減小
C．升高溫度，逆反應(yīng)速率減小
D．該反應(yīng)化學(xué)方程式為CO+H2O=CO2+H2
13．（08廣東卷）碘鎢燈比白熾燈使用壽命長(zhǎng)。燈管內(nèi)封存的少量碘與使用過(guò)程中沉積在管壁上的鎢可以發(fā)生反應(yīng)：W（s）+I2（g）
WI2ΔH＜0（溫度T1＜T2）。下列說(shuō)法正確的是（ ）
A．燈管工作時(shí)，擴(kuò)散到燈絲附近高溫區(qū)的WI2（g）會(huì)分解出W1W重新沉積到燈絲上
B．燈絲附近溫度越高，WI2（g）的轉(zhuǎn)化率越低
C．該反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)表達(dá)式是
D．利用該反應(yīng)原理可以提純鎢
14．（08寧夏卷）
已知可逆反應(yīng)：M(g)＋N(g)P(g)＋Q(g)；△H＞0，
請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題：
(1）在某溫度下，反應(yīng)物的起始濃度分別為：c(M)= 1 mol?L-1, c(N)=2.4 mol?L-1，達(dá)到平衡后，M的轉(zhuǎn)化率為60％，此時(shí)N的轉(zhuǎn)化率為 。
(2）若反應(yīng)溫度升高，M的轉(zhuǎn)化率 (填“增大”“減小”或“不變”）。
(3）若反應(yīng)溫度不變，反應(yīng)物的起始濃度分別為：c(M)= 4 mol?L-1,c(N)=amol?L-1;達(dá)到平衡后，c(P)=2 mol?L-1,a= 。
(4）若反應(yīng)溫度不變，反應(yīng)物的起始濃度為：c(M)=c(N)= bmol?L-1，達(dá)到平衡后，M的轉(zhuǎn)化率為 。
15．（08上海卷）在2L密閉容器中，800℃時(shí)反應(yīng)2NO(g)＋O2(g)2NO2(g)體系中，n(NO)隨時(shí)間的變化如表：
(1)寫(xiě)出該反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)表達(dá)式：K＝___________________。
已知：K(300℃)＞K(350℃)，該反應(yīng)是________熱反應(yīng)。
(2)右圖中表示NO2的變化的曲線(xiàn)是____________。
用O2表示從0～2s內(nèi)該反應(yīng)的平均速率v＝___________。
(3)能說(shuō)明該反應(yīng)已經(jīng)達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)的是___________。
a、v(NO2)=2v(O2) b、容器內(nèi)壓強(qiáng)保持不變
c、v逆(NO)＝2v正(O2) d、容器內(nèi)的密度保持不變
(4)為使該反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)速率增大，且平衡向正反應(yīng)方向移動(dòng)的是__________。
a、及時(shí)分離出NO2氣體 b、適當(dāng)升高溫度
c、增大O2的濃度 d、選擇高效的催化劑
16．(07廣東卷)黃鐵礦(主要成分為FeS2)是工業(yè)制取硫酸的重要原料，其煅燒產(chǎn)物為SO2和Fe3O4。
(1)將0.050
mol SO2(g)和0.030 mol O2(g)放入容積為1 L的密閉容器中，反應(yīng)2SO2(g)＋O2(g)2SO3(g)在一定條件下達(dá)到平衡，測(cè)得c(SO3)＝0.040 mol/L。計(jì)算該條件下反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)K和SO2的平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率(寫(xiě)出計(jì)算過(guò)程)。
(2)已知上述反應(yīng)是放熱反應(yīng)，當(dāng)該反應(yīng)處于平衡狀態(tài)時(shí)，在體積不變的條件下，下列措施中有利于提高SO2平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率的有 (填字母)
(A)升高溫度 (B)降低溫度 (C)增大壓強(qiáng)
(D)減小壓強(qiáng) (E)加入催化劑 (G)移出氧氣
(3)SO2尾氣用飽和Na2SO3溶液吸收可得到重要的化工原料，反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為_(kāi)________________________________
_______________________________________。
(4)將黃鐵礦的煅燒產(chǎn)物Fe3O4溶于H2SO4后，加入鐵粉，可制備FeSO4。酸溶過(guò)程中需保持溶液足夠酸性，其原因是__________________________________________________。
17．(07海南卷)
PCl5的熱分解反應(yīng)為：PCl5(g)PCl3(g)＋Cl2(g)
(1) 寫(xiě)出反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)表達(dá)式：
(2) 已知某溫度下，在容積為10.0 L的密閉容器中充入2.00 mol PCl5，達(dá)到平衡后，測(cè)得容器內(nèi)PCl3的濃度為0.150 mol/L。計(jì)算該溫度下的平衡常數(shù)。
18．(07上海卷)一定條件下，在體積為3 L的密閉容器中，一氧化碳與氫氣反應(yīng)生成甲醇(催化劑為Cu2O/ZnO)：CO(g)＋2H2(g)CH3OH(g)
根據(jù)題意完成下列各題：
(1)反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，平衡常數(shù)表達(dá)式K＝ ，升高溫度，K值 (填“增大”、“減小”或“不變”)。
(2)在500 ℃，從反應(yīng)開(kāi)始到平衡，氫氣的平均反應(yīng)速率v (H2)＝ 。
(3)在其他條件不變的情況下，對(duì)處于E點(diǎn)的體系體積壓縮到原來(lái)的1/2，下列有關(guān)該體系的說(shuō)法正確的是
a．氫氣的濃度減少 b．正反應(yīng)速率加快，逆反應(yīng)速率也加快
c．甲醇的物質(zhì)的量增加 d．重新平衡時(shí)n(H2)/n(CH3OH)增大
(4)據(jù)研究，反應(yīng)過(guò)程中起催化作用的為Cu2O，反應(yīng)體系中含少量CO2有利于維持催化劑Cu2O的量不變，原因是：_______________________________________(用化學(xué)方程式表示)。
19．(07寧夏卷)氮化硅是一種新型陶瓷材料，它可由石英與焦炭在高溫的氮?dú)饬髦校ㄟ^(guò)以下反應(yīng)制得：□SiO2＋□C＋□N2
□Si3N4＋□CO
(1) 配平上述反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式(將化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù)填在方框內(nèi))；
(2)該反應(yīng)中的氧化劑是__________，其還原產(chǎn)物是_____________。
(3)該反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)表達(dá)式為K =_______________________；
(4)將知上述反應(yīng)為放熱反應(yīng)，則其反應(yīng)熱DH________零(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)；升高溫度，其平衡常數(shù)值________(填“增大”、“減小”或“不變”)；
(5)若使壓強(qiáng)增大，則上述平衡向_______反應(yīng)方向移動(dòng)(填“正”或“逆”)；
(6)若已知CO生成速率為v (CO) =18 mol/(L?min)，則N2消耗速率為v (N2) =__________mol/(L?min)。
20．(07山東卷)二氧化硫和氮的氧化物是常用的化工原料，但也是大氣的主要污染物。綜合治理其污染是環(huán)境化學(xué)當(dāng)前的重要研究?jī)?nèi)容之一。
(1)硫酸生產(chǎn)中，SO2催化氧化生成SO3： 2SO2(g)＋O2(g)
2SO3(g)。某溫度下，SO2的平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率()與體系總壓強(qiáng)(p)的關(guān)系如圖所示。根據(jù)圖示回答下列問(wèn)題：
①將2.0 mol SO2和1.0 mol O2置于10 L密閉容器中，反應(yīng)達(dá)平衡后，體系總壓強(qiáng)為0.10 MPa。該反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)等于____________。
②平衡狀態(tài)由A變到B時(shí)，平衡常數(shù)K(A)_______K(B)(填“＞”、“＜”或“=”)。
(2)用CH4催化還原NOx可以消除氮氧化物的污染。例如：
CH4(g)＋4NO2(g) = 4NO(g)＋CO2(g)＋2H2O(g)；DH =－574 kJ/mol
CH4(g)＋4NO(g) = 2N2(g)＋CO2(g)＋2H2O(g)；DH =－1160 kJ/mol
若用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下4.48 L CH4還原NO2至N2，整個(gè)過(guò)程中轉(zhuǎn)移的電子總數(shù)為_(kāi)____________(阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值用NA表示)，放出的熱量為_(kāi)________kJ。
(3)新型納米材料氧缺位鐵酸鹽(MFe2Ox，3＜x＜4，M = Mn、Co、Zn或Ni)由鐵酸鹽(MFe2O4)經(jīng)高溫還原而得，常溫下，它能使工業(yè)廢氣中的酸性氧化物分解除去。轉(zhuǎn)化流程如圖所示：
請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出MFe2Ox分解SO2的化學(xué)方程式______________________________________(不必配平)。
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