① 在500℃、200atm和鐵催化條件下向一密閉容器中充入1mol N2和3mol
H2，充分反
應后，放出的熱量 92.4kJ，(填“＜”“＞”“＝”)，理由是
.
② 為有效提高合成氨反應的速率，實際生產中宜采取的措施有
A．降低溫發 B．最適合催化劑活性的適當高溫
C．增大壓強 D．降低壓強
E．循環利用 F．原料氣中氮氣和氫氣的配比為1：2.8
G．及時分離出氨
（2）已知氨的催化氧化反應發生后，不需要繼續加熱，鉑銠合金網仍然會保持紅熱。試
寫出該反應的化學平衡常數表達式K= ，當溫度升高時，K值
（增大、減小、無影響），其原因是
。
（3）常溫下某無色透明溶液中僅含有NH4+和NO3-等四種離子，請回答下列問題：
① 該溶液所含的離子中除上述兩種外還應有
(填離子符號)兩種離子。
② 該溶液所含的上述四種離子的物質的量濃度大小有多種可能。例如，可以是
c(NO3-)>c(NH4+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)，也可以是c(NO3-)> c(H+)>
c(NH4+)> c(OH-)。
請你再填寫兩種可能
，
。
③ 如溶液中c(NH4+)= c(NO3-)。則溶液中的溶質為
(填
化學式)，該溶液的Ph 7(填＜、＞或＝)
19．（14分）某學習小組在實室條件下，用標準卷尺、中學化學實驗室常用的托盤天平和如
圖所示的儀器，以及稀硫酸和寬度、厚度均勻的純鎂帶測定氣體摩爾體積，假如實驗是
在標準條件下進行，試回答下列問題：
（1）甲乙兩試管各有兩根導管，用橡
膠管連接對應接口后，若倒置盛
稀硫酸的試管，可發生反應放出
氣體。鎂帶和稀硫酸應分別置于
、
儀器中
（填儀器編號）；接口的連接方式是
A接
，B
，
C接
（填寫各接口的編號）
（2）儀器丙由左右兩部分組成，它們用橡膠
管連通，并裝入適量水(含少量食鹽)。
G管可以用化學實驗室中的一種常用儀器改裝，該儀器的名稱是
。反
應結束后讀數時，除應將溫度恢復至0℃，還應采取的措施是
。
（3）實驗中要取用一定質量的鎂帶投入試管中，取用的質量應小于 g；取用實
驗需要的鎂帶，能否用化學室常用的托盤天平 ，理由是
；
正確取用鎂帶的方法是
。
（4）如果鎂帶長Lm，質量為mg。試驗中截取鎂帶長xcm，產生氣體的體積為VmL，
則測得標況下氣體摩爾體積應表示為V(m)=
。
（5）實驗中若取用的鎂帶表面部分被氧化，則導致測定結果
；若稀硫酸取
用不足量，則導致測定結果
；若讀數時量氣管內液面高于水準管內液
面，則導致測定結果
(填偏高、偏低或無影響)。
20．（8分）如圖：橫軸表示溶液的pH，縱軸表示Zn2+離子或[Zn(OH4)]2-。P離子(配離子)物
質的量濃度的對數，回答下列問題。
（1）往ZnCl2溶液中加入過量的氫氧化鈉溶液，反應的離子方程式可表示為
。
（2）從圖中數據計算可得Zn(OH2)。的溶度積(Ksp)=
。
（3）某廢液中含Zn2+離子，為提取Zn2+。離子可以控制溶液中pH的范圍是 。
（4）往1 L 1.00 mol ?L-1。ZnCl2。溶液中加入NaOH固體至pH=6,需NaOH mol
（精確到小數點后2位，忽略溶液體積變化）。
參 考 答 案
第I卷包括15小題，每小題3分，共45分。
l．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．D
11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D
16．（8分）（1）Si3N4 (2分)； SiCl4+N2+H2→Si3N4+HCl （2分）
（2）2CO2+2H2O+4e-=2CO+4OH-
（2分）
（3）H2(l)+1／2 O2(l)= H2O(g) △H=-237.46kJ?mol-1（2分）
17．（12分）（1）KNO3、S (1分)；C（1分）；（2）2:1:3 （2分）；（3）D （2分）
（4）(i)取黑火藥燃燒后的固體殘留物于燒杯中，加適量水溶解，過濾，得無色澄清溶液 （1
分）；
(iii)在無色溶液中加入過量的BaCl2溶液，有白色沉淀生成，過濾，洗滌 (1分)；
(iv)在自色沉淀中加入過量的稀鹽酸，白色沉淀部分溶解，有無色無味氣體生成，證明溶
液中含有K2CO3和K2SO4 (1分) (v)在濾液中加入稀鹽酸，有無色有臭雞蛋氣味的氣體生
成，證明溶液中有K2S (1分)
（5）KNO3+C→K2CO3+ N2↑+ CO2↑ (2分)
18．（共13分）（1）①＜
(1分)，因為該反應為可逆反應，不可能進行完全；又因為反應溫
度為500℃，高于25℃，會導致平衡左移，所以放出的熱量小于92．4kJ；(2分) ②
BCFG(答2個且正確者得1分；全對得2分；多1個錯誤答案扣1分，扣完為止)。
（2）
（1分）,減小(1分)。因為氨的催化氧化反應是放熱反應，
所以升高溫度，K會減小。(1分)
（3）①H+、OH- (1分) ②c(NH4+)
> c(NO3-) > c(OH-) > c(H+)
(1分)，
c(NH4+)
> c(OH-)> c(NO3-) > c(H+) (1分) （其他合理答案同樣給分）
③NH4NO3、NH3?H2O (1分)，=
(1分)
19．（14分）（1）甲、乙(1分)；D，E，F(2分)
（2）50mL堿式滴定管(1分)；上下移動量氣管使量氣管液面與水準管液面相平(1分)。
（3）0.05(1分)；不能(1分)；托盤天平的感量為0.1g(1分)；用標準卷尺量取(1分)。
（4）12VL／5mx
L?mol-1。(2分)
（5）偏低(1分)；偏低(1分)；偏低(1分)。
20．（8分）（1）Zn2+4
OH-=[Zn(OH4)]2- (2分)
（2）10-17 (2分)
（3）8.0~12.0 (2分)
（4）1.80
(2分)
試題詳情
2009高考英語最新熱點作文預測8篇
熱點1: 翟志剛首次太空行走
2008年9月25日,中國成功地將三人小組送入太空,其中航天員翟志剛在太空首次行走,這是我國自2003年以來最具有挑戰性的太空任務.請簡單介紹此次 “神舟七號”的有關情況.內容包括:
1.這是一次具有歷史使命的飛行,而且技術上的成果基本都是我國自主研發的.
2.這次的任務主要是太空行走,它將有助于中國在未來幾年內建立中國的第一個空間站.
注意:載人飛船manned spaceship/spacecraft; 出艙活動an extra-vehicular
activity；空間站space station
Shenzhou-Ⅶ, which was shot up into space on September
25,returned to Earth three days later, having completed its historic mission.
It is the country’s most challenging space mission since 2003.The main mission
is to carry out the space walk, known as an extra-vehicular activity, or EVA,
which is expected to help China master the technology to create it’s first
space station in the next few years. During the traveling, Zhai
Zhigang, one of the three astronauts on board Shenzhou-Ⅶ,stepped out of the capsule and conducted the
historic space walk. Most importantly, all along China has relied heavily on
homegrown technology. The Shenzhou-7 mission marks a historic breakthrough in China’s
manned space program. It represents the comprehensive strength of our nation.
熱點2:北京奧運
經過運動員們16天的激烈拼搏,第29 屆奧運會于2008年8月24日在北京落下帷幕.中國運動員發揮出色,獲得了51枚金牌,為中國贏得了巨大的榮譽.奧運會期間,有很多值得我們回味的地方.你作為一名中學生―李華,圍繞奧運會對人類的影響,談一下自己的看法,題目自擬.
注意:詞數120左右.
What a Great Olympic Games!
The 29th
Olympic Games has been over in Beijing,
China on August
24,2008, which has left a great impression on the whole world. About 204
countries and regions attended the Olympic Games. In the Games, our Chinese
athletes have won 51 gold medals, while America,36;
Russia,23.
This is the first time that we, Chinese athletes have won so many gold medals
in one Olympic Games, which means our sports games belong to the first class in
the world!
It is our athletes’ intelligence and other qualities that have won the great
honor for us Chinese all! Days when we were looked down upon have gone forever!
From the very Games, we have proved that our government has the ability to hold
the Olympic Games successfully! Not only can we hold the Olympic Games well, but
also we can perform well. The fact has showed everything to the world! It is
the successful 29th Olympic Games that destroys the saying of those
who doubted about it days ago! What a great, successful and impressive Olympic
Games!
熱點3: 劉翔退賽
在2008年北京奧運會上,中國著名運動員劉翔因腿傷退出比賽,引起人們的廣泛爭議,下面是新浪網站的一項調查:
運動員受傷后,應該堅持還是應該退出?
選項名稱
投票數
百分比
趨勢
應該退出,健康比金錢重要
222292
34.77%
上升
運動場就是戰場,劉翔應該堅持
123752
19.36%
上升
請你結合上表,寫一篇英語短文,談談自己的看法.
In the
Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Chinese athlete Liu Xiang dropped out of the race
due to his foot injury, which led to a heated discussion among people across
the country.
According to a survey conducted by Sina Website,
about 34% of the people think an athlete should quit the race when injured
since health is much more important than a gold medal; While nearly 20% of the netizens believe that an injured athlete should hold on to
the end instead of giving up halfway. They regard the sport field as a
battlefield in which every athlete should fight for the honor of his or her
country in spite of any difficulty.
In my opinion, it’s a right choice for Liu Xiang to choose to quit the race.
For one thing, nothing is more important than health and sports doesn’t mean
sacrificing one’s health for a gold medal; for another, after Liu Xiang
recovers fully, he still has many chances to realize his dream.
熱點4：奧運會獲獎運動員的高薪問題
近幾年，奧運會獲獎運動員的高薪問題引起了廣泛的社會關注。有些人支持這種做法，認為運動員們付出了很多努力，應該得到回報；有些人則持反對意見。請你就此寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文并發表自己的看法。
In recent years, the topic whether it is fair for athletes to
pocket large sums of money has aroused more and more discussion.
Those who support giving sportsmen high salaries
think that athletes have won a great reputation for our country in the Olympic
Games. What’s more, athletes must undergo painstaking physical and
psychological training. Besides, they offer a lot of encouragement to young
people to take part in physical activities.
However, some people have different ideas. They
consider that athletes do little to boost the national economy directly. Thus
they should not receive so much money.
I believe that they should get high
salaries, considering all the efforts they have made.
熱點5：高三備考復習效率
在緊張的高三備考階段，英語老師為了提高復習效率，廣泛征求學生意見。假如你叫張華，請根據以下提示，給英語老師寫封信，表達你們的需求和建議。
●適當放慢進度，留出思考時間
●反復訓練重要、易錯知識點
●指導方法
●減少作業量以保證質量
●給予更多鼓勵
注意：1.根據以上內容寫一篇短文，不要逐句翻譯，可適當增加細節以使行文連貫。
2.要準確使用語法和詞匯；使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思；
3. 詞數：100個左右。開頭已給出，不計詞數。
Dear
Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you are willing to share our views.
In the course of the general revision, what we need is solid foundation. As you
know, we didn’t learn well enough in the first two years, so please slow down
and make sure we have really mastered something. Besides, we need a little more
time to think for ourselves. As for those important points which also make us
confused, would you please give us more practice in case we forget? Meanwhile,
we need your instruction, for example, in how to write in natural English. I
still have another request: assign us less homework in order that we can do it
more efficiently.
By the way, we often feel frustrated, which has a very bad effect on our study.
We would appreciate it if you would give us some encouragement from time to
time.
熱點6：高考狀元與廣告
高考過后，總有一些學習用品商家千方百計在高考狀元身上下工夫，讓狀元們說是使用過他們的產品后才取得了優異成績。請你用英語寫一篇100詞左右的短文，談談自己的看法。內容應包括以下要點：
1. 簡要描述這種現象； 2. 給狀元們提一點建議。
注意：
1. 可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
2. 參考詞匯：狀元 Number One Scholar；產品 product；適合suitable
After
the college entrance exams, some companies that sell learning products are
always trying to do anything they can to make full use of Number One Scholars
in order to sell their products.
In fact, it’s not easy for students to become
Number One Scholars. Most of them succeed not because of the products, but
their proper way of learning and hard work. Every student has his own way of
studying, so the Number One Scholars’ experience may not be suitable for all
the students. Most important of all, not all of these products are good enough
to help us study.
I do hope that Number One Scholars can
think of the poor students instead of themselves only.
熱點7：三鹿奶粉事件
近期，“三鹿奶粉事件”吵得沸沸揚揚。經相關部門調查，發現三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉里有一種對嬰兒有害的物質三聚氫胺。到目前為止，奶粉污染事件已導致4名嬰兒死亡，約5,4000名嬰兒染病。假如你是一名記者，請你對這一事件做一下簡要介紹并發表自己今后對如何確保食品安全的看法。字數130左右。
Recently, the incident of Sanlu milk powder has
become the focus of people’s attention. According to the investigation of
related departments, the powder was found to contain a chemical called C3N6H6
which can cause great damage to infants’ health. So far, four children have
died and approximately 54,000 have developed illness after drinking the milk.
From this incident, we can see that there are still more things to be done.
Firstly, the government needs everything possible to ensure the quality of
products, particularly the safety of food as this concerns everyone's life.
Secondly, as for the producers, it is very important for them to be morally
honest. They should never try to pursue profit or economic growth at the
expense of health and life of people. Thirdly, we consumers must attach
importance to the things we eat and develop an awareness of how to protect our legal rights if cheated. Only in
this way will we be able to build a more secure and harmonious society.
熱點8：可持續發展
可持續發展已成為全球共識，如何實行可持續發展是擺在世人面前的重大問題。請就下面表格所提供的內容進行陳述并談談你的看法。
目前的狀況
自然資源日趨減少
環境問題依然嚴重
人的環保觀念淡薄
貧富差距越來越大
已采取的措施
制定了相關的法律法規
投入了大量的資金改善環境
對民眾進行教育
加強了國際間相互合作
你的看法
……
注意：
1．不要逐條翻譯。
2. 可適當發揮
3. 詞數：120左右
4. 文章的開頭部分以給出
參考詞匯：差距
gap 相關法律 relevant laws
The idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the
world. How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet.
The present situation is worrying. First, natural resources are becoming less
than before. Second, as some people are not aware of the importance of the
environmental protection, the problems with it remain extremely serious to some
degree. The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider
and wider.
To our great joy, many countries have taken action. On one hand, they have made
relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the
environmental protection. One the other hand, popularized education as well as
international cooperation is being carried out.
As for myself, I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable
development, our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren
will be in danger.
試題詳情
2．“三效催化轉換器”可將汽車尾氣中的有毒氣體處理為無污染的氣體，下圖為該反應的微
學平衡狀態的影響，得到如下圖所示的變化規律(圖中T表示溫度，n表示物質的量)，
A．X元素可能為鋁
18．（13分）工業上生產硝酸銨的流程圖如下：