2009年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試西工大附中第六次適應性訓練
理科綜合測試卷
第I卷（選擇題，共126分）
可能用到的相對原子質量：H-1、C-12、O-16、S-32、Cl-35.5、Fe-56
A
Many of us have heard of the saying: everything is possible if you can just believe. But few of us really know the power of faith and perseverance (毅力). South African swimmer Natalie du Toit embodies (體現) those virtues.
Du Toit, 24, became the first swimmer to compete in both the Olympic
Games and the Paralympics (殘奧會) in Beijing. Although she finished 16th in the tough
One of the most successful disabled athletes of all time, Natalie du Toit was already a promising swimmer when she lost her leg in a motorcycle accident in 2001, at just 17.
“There are a lot of dark moments,” du Toit said. “There are some days when I cry. But I try to remember that better days are ahead. You just go on.”
Within a few months, she was back in the swimming pool.
She still competes and still succeeds. The only difference is she
has switched to longer events―from
“Going out in the water, it feels as if there’s nothing wrong with me. It doesn’t matter if you look different. You’re still the same as everybody else because you have the same dream.”
She is the holder of many world records, and she also won gold when
competing against able-bodied swimmers in the
But there is no magic recipe for success. It all lies in hard work and determination. “She is stubborn (固執的), which is good and bad,” said her coach Karoly Von Toros. “Good for the swimming, but bad for the coach.”
There is a poem that hangs on her wall that reads:
“The tragedy of life does not lie in not reaching your goals.
The tragedy of life lies in not having goals to reach for.”
1. Natalie du Toit is a vivid example that _____.
A. you are what you believe B. the early bird catches the worm
C. all is well that ends well D. you must look before you leap
2. According to the text, Natalie du Toit became _____.
A. the first athlete to compete with able-bodied swimmers in the world
B. the youngest disabled swimmer to break the world record in the
C. the youngest disabled swimmer to collect three golds in a single Paralympics
D. the first swimmer to compete in both the Olympic Games and the Paralympics
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Natalie du Toit?
a. She won gold at the All Africa Games.
b. She finished 16th in the tough
c. She adjusted herself to long events. d. A motorcycle accident disabled her.
A. c-d-a-b B. d-c-b-a C. d-c-a-b D. d-a-c-b
4. The underlined word “It” in the ninth paragraph refers to “_____”.
A. Gold B. Success C. Dream D. Recipe
B
DNA tells the story of the race to discover the structure of DNA, and the scientists who changed our understanding of the world and everything in it. The five-part series, to be broadcast from Thursday July 14 at 8:30 p.m. on ABC TV, also looks at the implications of the scientists’ work for the future of mankind.
The scientists were a small group of pioneers who explored a world too small to see. What they found there answered some eternal questions ―What is life? How is it made? Why are children like their parents?
DNA is without doubt the most powerful substance on Earth. The order of its chemicals determines whether a child has her mother’s eyes or her father’s smile. But as DNA reveals, until 50 years ago, almost no one knew of its existence. All that changed when two unknown scientists―Jim Watson and Francis Crick―ran into a bar in Cambridge shouting that they’d found the secret of life.
This declaration heralded (預示) a momentous discovery, not just for the human race but for the people involved. As this program reveals, it was one of the most heated scientific races the world has ever seen.
Dr Watson takes us back 50 years, guiding us through the tumultuous (喧囂的) events that led to the creation of a double helix (螺旋結構) model being built by Dr Francis Crick and himself. He tells how he and Crick beat all the odds to find the double helix first and win the Nobel Prize.
The program reveals others involved with the DNA story, including Maurice Wilkins, who helped create the atom bomb. He became disillusioned (不再抱幻想的) with the science of death and chose the science of life instead, by looking for the structure of DNA.
5. The purpose of writing this passage is to ______.
A. introduce some scientists B. give a summary of a TV program
C. tell the importance of DNA D. report on a study on DNA
6. According to the passage, the underlined word “DNA” in the first paragraph refers to _____.
A. a five-part TV program B. a story about the scientists’ work
C. the most powerful substance on Earth
D. the substance discovered by two unknown scientists
7. The number of scientists mentioned in this passage is _____.
A. 2 B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. DNA explained certain eternal questions involving life.
B. Jim Watson and Francis Crick discovered DNA.
C. Few scientists showed interest in DNA study.
D. Maurice Wilkins also did some study on DNA.
C
Harbour Cruises LTD. : Dining, Sightseeing and Special Events
Get on board to experience Vancouver from a different perspective (視角). Join Harbour Cruises Ltd. For Vancouver’s only guided tour of the inner harbour, the always popular dinner cruise, or a luncheon cruise through a quiet coastal mountain bay. Special event cruises are available throughout the year including during the yearly fireworks competition and December’s Christmas Carol Ships. Harbour Cruises Ltd. is located next to world-famous Stanley Park.
Dates of Operation: April-October and December
Seasonal Hours: 8:00 am-7:00 pm, 7 days a week
Directions: Drive west on Georgia and turn right at the lights at Denman Street. Take No. 135 Stanley Park bus or walk west along Georgia for 15 minutes towards Stanley Park from downtown.
Information: 604.688.7246
Reservations: 1. 800. 663. 1500
Website: www. boatcruises. Com
Email: tours@boatcruises. Com
No. 1, North Foot of Denman Street, Vancouver, BC V
The Lookout at Harbour Centre Tower
Not sure where to start? The Lookout, which is high atop Harbor Center Tower, is your best first choice in Vancouver. Majestic cruise ships, mountains sprinkled with fresh snow and a west coast sunset are a few highlights of this grand 3,600 view. Drink your cappuccino, join a free guided tour, learn something new about Vancouver and enjoy the view!
Dates of Operation: Open 365 days / year
Seasonal Hours: Winter 9:00 am-9:00 pm
Summer 8:30 am-10:30 pm
Directions: Located downtown at the SeaBus and SkyTrain station. Just steps away from the Cruise Ship Terminal and historic Gastown.
Information and Reservations: 604.689.0421
Website: www. vancouverlookout.com
Email: info@vancouverlookout.com
555 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 4N4
Burnaby Village Museum And Carousel
Step back in time to 1925. The museum features a village, a farmhouse and the historic CW Parker Carousel. Costumed townspeople welcome you to exhibits that include a schoolhouse, a blacksmith, a Chinese medicine store and an ice-cream parlour（會客廳）.
Seasonal Hours: May 4-Sept 2 (11: 00 am-4:30 pm )
Christmas Hours: Nov 23-Dec 13 & Dec 31-Jan 4 (12:00-5:30 pm) and Dec 14-30 (12:00-8:00 pm). Closed Dec 24 & 25.
Directions: Take exit 33 from Hwy 1 to Canada Way. Follow the signs along the sidewalk to Deer Lake Park. 20 minutes from downtown Vancouver.
Information: 604. 293. 6501
Telephone: 604-293-6500
Website: www. city. burnaby.cb.ca.
6501 Deer Lake Avenue, Burnaby, BC V
9. To get a bird’s-eye view of Vancouver, you can go to _____.
A. Harbour Cruises LTD B. Harbour Centre Tower
C. Burnaby Village Museum D. Stanley Park
10. If you want to visit one of the places from 8:30 am to 10:30 am on Christmas Day, you can get further information on _____.
A. Website: www.vancouverlookout.com
B. Email: info@vancouverlookout.com
C. Website: www.city.burnaby.cb.ca
D. Website: www.boatcruises.com
11. Which of the following places is NOT open to the public during the Christmas Day?
A. The Lookout. B. Stanley Park.
C. Burnaby Village Museum. D. Harbour Center Tower.
12. The main purpose of the advertisements is to attract tourists to Vancouver _____.
A. for great fun B. for a ship sightseeing
C. for a cultural visit D. for the view of mountains
D
They say that Mexico is a country no one ever leaves. Every year, millions of tourists pass through, and Mexicans jovially(高興地) warn that a part of them will remain behind forever. Most visitors are vacationing North Americans who wind up on the brilliant beaches of Cancun, Acapulco, Mazatlan, and Puerto Vallarta. The beaches, of course, are among the world’s best―but those who venture inland are rewarded with the true soul of Mexico, which has always resided firmly in the interior.
And it is a big soul. Mexico is vast, comprising nearly two million square miles of coastline, desert, rain forests, mountains, and fertile plains. From the American borderlands of the wide, agriculturally rich north, the country narrows gently as it sweeps south and east. The two main mountain ranges, the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental, hug the west and east, finally merging(并入) into the volcanically active central highlands and the capital, Mexico City―the most populous city in the world. Further south, the country narrows to only 100 miles, then broadens again before reaching the Guatemalan border. There are two major peninsulas(半島) that are almost countries themselves. In the west is the poetically barren Baja Peninsula; to the east, protruding into the Caribbean like the end of a fish hook, is the Yucatan peninsula, bursting with rain forests, Mayan ruins, and white powder beaches.
The population is about 106 million, and the generosity（慷慨大方）of the Mexican people is unsurpassed (非常卓越的). Knowing a few simple sentences in Spanish will win hearts.
Mexico has been graced with an unusually temperate climate year
round. The most important thing to remember is that the Mexican summer is also
the rainy season, although the rain rarely lasts more than a few hours, and
typically arrives in the late afternoon. Extremes are present only in the North
and in Baja, both of which have deserts where the temperature leaps above
13. By saying “Knowing a few simple sentences in Spanish will win hearts.”, the writer wants to show that _____.
A. Mexicans are friendly to foreigners
B. Spanish is Mexico’s official language
C. Mexicans especially welcome Spanish tourists
D. Mexicans all want to learn about Spanish culture
14. The last paragraph is mainly about Mexico’s _____.
A. geography B. climate C. population D. language
15. In the north of Mexico, _____.
A. there are plenty of rainforests
B. many volcanoes are very active
C. economy mainly depends on agriculture
D. visitors can enjoy Mayan ruins in the forests
16. The purpose of this passage is to _____.
A. tell us the results of the writer’s survey
B. advise us to tour around Mexico C. give us some introduction about Mexico
D. show the relationship between temperature and desert
17. It can be inferred that a tourist who stays in Mexico City usually feels _____.
A. cold B. frozen C. comfortable D. hot
18. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Nobody prefers to leave Mexico.
B. Mexico City has a large population.
C. Baja Peninsula looks like a fish hook.
D. Whoever visits Mexico can learn about Mexico’s soul.
E
Children born in the autumn and winter months are more likely to be good at sports, according to one of the largest studies into childhood.
Researchers at Bristol University in England, where the study is based, found that children born in the spring were the most sluggish (懶惰的), according to a paper published in the British Medical Journal.
Those born in the summer were 4.5 percent more active, while those delivered in the autumn and winter were 9 percent more active.
The researchers asked 5,451 children aged 11 and 12 to wear devices around their waists that recorded, minute by minute, their levels of activity for a week. Researchers then compared the children’s activity levels with a lot of other factors such as their birth dates, how active their mothers were during and after pregnancy and whether they had siblings（兄弟姐妹).
Calum Mattocks, who is leading the study, said a biological explanation was unlikely. He suspected a link to when children begin school.
“If you’re born later in the school year, you’re likely to be smaller than your peers and that could disadvantage you in sports and other activities, such as playing,”he said.
Older children are likely to be bigger and stronger than their classmates and more likely to do better in sports, perhaps motivating them to stay interested in exercise as they grew up, he added.
The findings could help schools develop activity classes that encourage smaller, younger children, and help them improve their fitness.
Having at least one physically active parent led to children being on average 4 percent more active.
A weak link was found between watching television and activity levels later in life. Children who watched a lot of TV between the ages of three and four were less than 1 percent less active than others by the time they reached 11.
19. What does the underlined word “peers” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A. People who are the same age.
B. People who like doing sports.
C. People who like helping their parents.
D. People who were born in summer.
20. We can infer from the passage that _____.
A. if you are smaller, you’ll have an advantage in sports
B. if you’re born later, you’ll have an advantage in sports
C. if you have fewer siblings, you’ll have an advantage in sports
D. if you’re born earlier, you’ll have an advantage in sports
21. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Activity levels later in life have a weak link with watching television.
B. Children born in the spring were good at sports.
C. Children born in the autumn and winter were 9 percent more active.
D. Children born in the summer were 4.5 percent more active.
F
Although everything else in your life seems complicated at the moment, picking a college really comes down to some simple concepts. The steps you’ll need to take include learning the ABCs of getting started, familiarizing yourself with the basic types of college choices, understanding the college application process, and knowing your options（取舍）once you’ve made your choice.
Apparently, a whole lot of people got together one day and decided they would pick the prom king and queen of higher education. But don’t make the mistake of allowing your ultimate（最終的）college choice to come down to an opinion in a magazine you never even read. Rankings provide great publicity for the few colleges that get selected as the “best”, but in the end, the only judgment that matters is your own. You wouldn’t let a group of reporters choose your next boyfriend or girlfriend. Letting them choose your next college might not be such a wise move, either.
Think the national media has a monopoly(獨有權) on college opinions? Not to worry, because if you haven’t heard from them already, pretty soon your parents, friends, and teachers will more than likely share their opinions with you on what makes a college great. One of the most difficult things you’ll have to do, in fact, is gently remind all those well-wishing advisors that you’re not just looking for the best college, but the right one.
By all means, take all the advice you can get, but take it all with a grain of salt. Start a list of all the people whose opinions matter to you and seek out their advice. This will usually include your parents, your siblings, your classmates, your teachers, and your high school guidance counselor（輔導員）. But think of this advice as a starting point.
Once you’ve got a list of colleges, start thinking about what kind of college you’d like to attend and ask yourself, “What qualities am I looking for in a school?” What follows is a guide to the many types of schools out there, and how to decide if any of them are right for you.
22. The whole passage mainly deals with _____.
A. the basics of choosing a college
B. the concerns of students nowadays
C. the media influence on education
D. the importance of decision-making
23. The author advises readers to _____.
A. trust information in magazines
B. put their own judgment above all
C. follow suggestions from parents
D. look for the best college
24. According to the passage, the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph suggests that _____.
A. more advice is a must
B. advice is not easy to gain
C. good advice is half success
D. not all advice is practical
25. Who might be most interested in this passage?
A. Parents and teachers.
B. College students.
C. Middle school students.
D. Magazine editors.
Key：1-5 ADCBB 6-10 ABCBD 11-15 CAABC 16-20 CDBAD 21-25 BABDC
啟用前☆絕密
臨沂市高三教學質量檢查考試
物 理
2009.3
本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分，第I卷1～4
頁，第II卷5～8頁，共8頁，滿分100分，考試時間100分鐘。
注意事項：
1.答第I卷前,
考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目、試卷類型（A或B）用鉛筆涂寫在答題卡上.
2.
每小題選出答案后, 用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑, 如需改動, 用橡皮擦干凈后,
再選涂其它答案, 不能答在試題卷上.
3.
考試結束后將本試卷和答題卡一并交回.
第I卷（選擇題 共40分）
A
A new study finds that the animal known as man’s best friend can also be a good friend to the heart. Researchers in California say they have found that even just a short visit with a dog helped ease the worries of heart patients.
The study divided the patients into three groups. In Group A, a dog and a person visited each patient for twelve minutes. Patients in Group B received just a human visitor for twelve minutes. And members of Group C received no visitor, human or dogs.
The dogs would lie in the hospital bed so the heart patients could touch them. The researchers say some patients immediately smiled and talked to the dog and the human visitor. Dogs, in her words, “make people happier, calmer and feel more loved.”
The researchers examined the patients before, during and after the visits. They measured stress（緊張）levels based on blood flow and heart activity. They say they found a twenty-four percent decrease in the group visited by both a dog and a person. They reported a ten percent decrease in the group visited by a person only. There was no change in the patients without any visitors. These patients, however, did have an increase in their production of the hormone epinephrine（腎上腺素）. The body produces epinephrine during times of stress.
The increase was an average（平均值） of seven percent. But the study finds that patients who spent time with a dog had a seventeen percent drop in their levels of epinephrine. Patients visited by a human but not a dog also had a decrease, but only two percent.
1. The author believes that .
A. the dog can take the place of most medicines
B. the dog is the most popular pet for man
C. the findings of the research cannot be trusted
D. visits by a human work better than visits by a dog
2. From the research findings we may conclude that .
A. the less the body produces epinephrine, the better
B. the longer a visit lasts, the happier the patient should be
C. the patients enjoyed the dogs’ company more than the human visitors’
D. it’s impossible for heart patients to recover without dogs’ visits
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Worried heart patients B. Epinephrine and stress
C. A good friend to the heart D. Three groups of patients
4. The author seems to suggest that .
A. no one should keep a dog as a pet
B. the dog is better than any other animal
C. everyone should keep a dog as a pet
D. keeping a pet does you good
B
On the 25th of January three years ago, my uncle, my cousin, and I went to the desert for hunting. It was the hunting season. My uncle was 72 years old, but he was still strong. My cousin at that time was 10 years old, and I was 25.
It took us three hours by car to reach the place we were looking for at 5:15 p.m. That night we ate the delicious food, drank Arabic coffee, and sat around the fire talking until 10:30. Then we went to bed.
We left camp the next day at 7 o’clock in the morning. We went north
and found two kinds of birds and caught them. However, we faced trouble at 10:
We learned from the story that the desert is dangerous, but we will never give up hunting.
5. It can be inferred that the writer .
A. lived by hunting
B. lived on raising birds
C. loved hunting very much
D. loved raising birds very much
6. Where did the three people spend their first night ?
A. In a tent in the desert.
B. In a hotel near the desert.
C. In their car in the desert.
D. In a man’s house in the desert.
7. Why did the writer walk south alone ?
A. Because the other two were too weak to walk.
B. Because it was a long difficult way for the other two.
C. Because there was no enough water left.
D. Because the other two had to stay with their car.
8. The three people left the desert safely most probably on .
A. the 26th of January B. the 27th of January
C. the 28th of January D. the 29th of January
C
This year more than 125,000 high school graduates in Beijing are taking the national college entrance exam. And with the 36 degrees Celsius, should these tests be moved to another month? And students in Beijing aren’t the only ones suffering in the heat. The north, southeast coastal area and Xinjiang are almost burning at over 35 degrees.
The exam takers are suffering the effects of global warming. Heat puts more pressure on the heart to supply more blood to the brain. These students can’t afford to get these kinds of illnesses after a ten years of hard work at school. Commonly known as “gaokao” held in July in the past, the exam takes place in June following complaints （抱怨） about the terrible weather. But moving the exam time earlier hasn’t helped the students as June has become just as hot as July.
Should “gaokao” be adjusted according to the weather? Some experts suggested the exam should be held in May to avoid the hot weather or even organize the exams in April next year to reduce the traffic burden before the Olympic Games.
China’s Education Ministry, however, stressed that the examination timetable for next year won’t be changed, but did say that the time could change in the coming years. In fact, the adjustment will lead to further troubles in re-organizing teaching plans. What is more, the suggestion to hold the exam during weekends was not welcomed in Western China, where they don’t have the same traffic problems that many large Chinese cities are dealing with at the moment.
This year marks the 30th anniversary（周年）of the restoration（恢復） of “gaokao”. Chinese universities were shut down from 1966 to 1976, due to the political disaster of the Cultural Revolution （文化大革命）. In the past 30 years, 36 million students have been admitted into universities, colleges, and vocational and technical schools.
9. According to the passage, the college entrance exam takes place .
A. in Beijing
B. in the north and Xinjiang of China
C. in Western China
D. all over China
10. As for the year 2008, how many reasons should “gaokao” be adjusted for in the eyes of some people？
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. While “gaokao” is being held, the weather is terrible in most provinces.
B. In the future, it is possible that the exam will be moved to April.
C. A great many young people have changed their fate thanks to the exam.
D. All the Chinese people don’t agree with the exam adjustment.
12. The important exam has lasted .
A. thirty years
B. more than thirty years
C. less than fifty years
D. over fifty years
D
Scientists have proven （證明） that drinking tea can help people lose weight. During a five-year study, researchers discovered five new genes related to obesity（肥胖）. However, they also found that something in tea ―especially Oolong tea ―can help obese people battle the obesity.
The focus of the study was to help address growing obesity among Chinese children, especially in cities. The research shows that overeating is not the only cause. “Diet and lifestyle are only the external （外部的） reasons,” said Guo Xirong, a specialist. “The genetic conditions of the people could cause children and teenagers to become overweight.” However, Guo admits there is no magic bullet for treating childhood obesity. But he said a healthier diet and lifestyle will help.
Children tend to become obese later in life before they are born if their mothers eat too much and have a dramatic increase in weight. Compared to bottle-fed babies, breastfed （母乳喂養） babies are less likely to become obese later in their life because breast milk is limited. Bottle-fed babies are easy to develop a larger appetite（胃口） because they are fed each time they cry.
Chinese have long believed in the link between tea drinking and weight loss but many health experts in the West have been doubting it. Guo particularly recommends Oolong tea, one of the less-known teas in the West. Of the total amount of tea produced and consumed in the world, 78 percent is black, 20 percent is green, and less than 2 percent is Oolong tea.
Black tea is consumed mainly in Western countries, the Middle East and South Asia while green tea is drunk mainly in China, Japan and a few countries in North Africa. The production and drinking of Oolong tea are mainly limited to southeastern China.
13. Why do some Chinese children become obese easily?
A. Because they have much chance to eat too much food.
B. Because their mothers had a good appetite before they were born.
C. Because it is probable that they were bottle-fed babies.
D. Because both some genes and eating habits contribute to the result.
14. According to the passage, how do obese people lose weight?
A. Babies had better not be bottle-fed.
B. Their mothers should keep their bodies fit.
C. Drinking Oolong tea may help a lot.
D. Such people should take much exercise.
15. As a businessman, in which country will you be successful by trading green tea?
A. Egypt. B. Canada.
C. Singapore. D. Korea.
16. If there is some more information added to the passage, what will it be about?
A. Southeastern China. B. Black tea.
C. Green tea. D. Oolong tea.
E
The traditional idea of the bride moving in with the bridegroom’s parents seems to be on the wane (逐漸衰落). Now，in Shanghai, the opposite seems just as likely.
Before moving into his wife’s family home earlier this year, Li Feng had felt worried about what life with his in-laws would bring. “My wife and her parents insisted that living together be a better option. It is certainly more convenient, and it helps save money.” Now Li says he is living a happy life with his wife and the two elders , and feels far less pressured to buy a new house.
Like Li, more and more newlywed couples in Shanghai have accepted the idea of life with the parents of the bride, an idea which seems contrary with the past.
“It still sounds a bit strange when young people get married but continue to live with their parents, especially with their wife’s parents.” said Li. But the young modern generation of Shanghai seems to be slowly abandoning this traditional viewpoint.
For some people, however, life with the parents seems more like a smart business than a question of choice.
But it’s not only the young who are open to this new idea. Many elders in Shanghai also encourage their married children to remain with them.
17. The underlined phrase “the opposite” in Paragraph 1 means “ ”.
A. parents moving in with the young couple
B. the young couple living separately from the parents
C. the husband moving in with the wife’s parents
D. the wife moving in with the husband’s parents
18. Which of the following can best show the advantages of living with the girl’s parents?
A. It’s more convenient.
B. It helps save money.
C. For some it seems more like a smart business than a question of choice.
D. All the above.
19. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Young couples tend to live with parents
B. Parents tend to live with young couples
C. Husbands tend to live with wives’ parents
D. Husbands feel at home with wives’ parents
20. If the writer goes on writing the passage, what will be the main idea of the next paragraph?
A. Some young couples don’t like to live with the elders.
B. In the past, many elders didn’t like young couples to live with them.
C. Why many elders would like young couples to live with them.
D. Now, more and more elders would like young couples to live with them.
F
Ireland is the land of artists and scholars. But it still feels bad about letting its greatest literary names like Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw leave the country.
So, for the past 30 years, the world’s smallest cultural super-power has comforted itself with a unique act: Its writers, artists and musicians don’t have to pay tax. Now, however, the government is working in secret to see whether it should stop the tax exemption（免稅）. The reason is that the public are angry at tax-avoiding British writers and pop stars using the rule to get rich.
The exemption was created in 1969 by Charles Haughey, then finance minister. All income from “creative” work such as a novel, a play or a song would be exempt from tax, Haughey decided. Haughey said his plan was to stop Irish artists from leaving the country.
It started in 1970 and now exempts artists, writers and singers from paying tax on money earned from original works. But the tax exemption, which cost the Irish Government 37 million euros in 2001, has caused many British artists to move to the country.
Frederick Forsyth, author of “The Day of the Jackal” moved in the 1970s. The pop band Def Leppard and the singer Lisa Stansfield later moved there as well. This year’s biggest argument arose with the arrival of the millionaire Scottish author of “Trainspotting”, Irvine Welsh. He was described by Irish people as greedy for coming just to avoid paying taxes.
“I didn’t move here for tax reasons, but as a writer I would use it. I know the system there is to keep big bands like U2 based in the country instead of losing them to the US,” Welsh said.
While some show support for stopping the rule, others still think it is necessary. About 80 percent of tax-exempt writers and artists earn less than 50,000 euros a year and still need to be supported.
21. Tax exemption was originally created in order to .
A. encourage artists to create
B. promote the importance of literary
C. attract famous artists to settle
D. prevent artists leaving the country
22. The passage is mainly about .
A. Ireland’s cultural background
B. tax exemption
C. artists’ fame
D. tax reform
23. The public the phenomenon that British writers and pop stars needn’t pay taxes.
A. are for B. are strongly against
C. have neglected D. laugh at
24. It can be inferred that .
A. Ireland values artists
B. the author is against tax exemption
C. the Irish government finds it difficult to afford the vast fees concerning artists
D. the argument about tax exemption will be fierce
G
Every year, residents of Kunming, Yunnan Province welcome thousands of black-headed gulls with food and happy laughter. The lovely white birds fly from Siberia to stay in the Dianchi area of the city in winter. But this year the white angels are no longer lovely in locals’ eyes, due to their fear of bird flu.
Although scientists have not found the deadly virus in the birds, few people will dare to risk their lives to feed the birds this year. Across the world, wild migratory birds seem to have become number-one public enemy. Since the deadly H5N1 bird flu virus was discovered not only in Asia but also as far away as Europe and Africa, migratory birds were regarded as the carriers. Geographically speaking, the spread of bird flu appears to be following the migratory routes of wild birds. Bird flu is a common disease among wild migratory birds. But the virus may change itself when transferred to humans and animals.
Since the World Health Organization warned last month that migratory birds could carry the deadly H5N1 virus that causes bird flu, many countries, like China, have started tracking migratory birds and cleaning up poultry markets. China also didn’t allow all pigeon races last week.
Scientists said that the migratory routes of wild birds are often far away from big cities. The risk of transferring the virus directly from wild birds to humans is very low. Scientists also warned that wild birds are shy creatures. They see you coming and fly away at once. But if a wild bird becomes easy to approach, people should be careful that it may be sick.
There are already three areas hit by bird flu in the provinces of Hunan and Anhui and the northern region of Inner Mongolia, areas all on the migratory routes of wild birds. In the past two weeks China has reported three outbreaks of the H5N1 virus that killed 3,800 chicken, ducks and geese.
25. By mentioning black-headed gulls, the author wants to show .
A .they have been lovely in people’s eyes
B. their fates are full of danger
C. people are alert these days
D. local people begin to hurt the birds
26. In which of the following continents hasn’t H5N1 bird flu been found?
A. Asia. B. Africa.
C. Europe. D. America.
27. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. China does better in controlling bird flu than other countries
B. China pays great attention to the prevention of the outbreak of bird flu
C. people in big cities have no chance to catch bird flu
D. people must kill wild birds if they approach people
28. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Migrating birds may spread flu
B. Bird flu hits Asia
C. Bird flu might break out in winter
D. Birds start migration
H
Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between race and rates of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2,000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics might help explain the racial and ethnic (民族的) differences. There could be differences in how people’s bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites were the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases affect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted (針對) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency （服務機構） called it “a step toward the promise of personalized medicine.”
29. From the passage, researchers agree that it is that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.
A. the larger amount of smoking than white people
B. the living style or habit of the blacks to form
C. the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs
D. the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke
30. People in the new study are made up of .
A. heavy smokers in America
B. the black and white people
C. the Asians and Hawaiians
D. smokers and non-smokers
31. The production of BiDil is referred to in the last paragraph in order to .
A. explain different races reaction to some diseases differently
B. tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers
C. show a big step people have taken in the medicine area
D. support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers
32. According to the author, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer.
B. Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer.
C. The research was started by New England Journal of Medicine.
D. The risk of lung cancer lies in how much a person smokes.
臨沂市高三教學質量檢查考試
語 文
2009.3
本試題分為第1卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，共8頁。滿分150分，考試時間150分鐘�？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項：
1．答卷前，考生務必用0．5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、準考證號填寫在答題卡和試題卷規定的位置上。
2．第1卷每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。答案不能答在試題卷上。
3．第1I卷必須用0．5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區域內相應的位置，不能寫在試題卷上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。
4．第1I卷第六題為選做題，考生必須從所給(一)(二)兩題中任選一題作答，不能全選。
第I卷 選擇題(共36分)
江蘇省揚州中學2008―2009學年度第二學期期中考試
高 一 歷 史 （選 修） 2009.04
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，答題時請將第Ⅰ卷的答案務必填涂在答題卡上。
本試卷考試時間為100分鐘，總分為120分。
第Ⅰ卷（共60分）
一.選擇題（本大題共20小題，每小題3分，合計60分。每小題只有一個正確答案）
1.《墨子》記載：“農夫早出暮入，耕稼樹藝，多聚菽粟，此其分事也；婦人夙興夜寐，紡績積?，多治麻絲葛布繩，此其分事也�！边@句話直接反映了
A.小農經濟的生產方式 B.手工業經濟的生產方式
C.古代婦女的地位較高 D.商品經濟的不發達
2.《國語?晉語》記載：“公食貢，大夫食邑，士食田，庶人食力，工商食官�！边@說明
A.私營手工業得到迅速發展 B.家庭手工業是主要經營形式
C.西周時期工商業由官府經營 D.手工業開始成為獨立的生產部門
3.《唐六典》記載：“凡市，以日午擊鼓三百聲，而眾以會；日入前七刻，擊鉦三百聲，
而眾以散。”這句話說明
①唐朝時期市有時間限制 ②唐朝時期市坊分立
③唐朝時期政府對市嚴格管制 ④唐朝時期商業繁榮
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④
4.齊國管仲說：“凡為國之急者，必先禁末作文巧。末作文巧禁，則民無所游食，民無所游食則必事農。民事農則田墾，田墾則粟多，粟多則國富。國富者兵強，兵強者戰勝，戰勝者地廣�！蹦逞芯空邠说贸觥爸袊r業的產生與專制國家農業政策密切相關”的結論。該推斷
A.材料充分、理解準確、結論合理 B.材料充分、理解不準確、結論不合理
C.材料不充分、理解準確、結論合理 D.材料不充分、理解不準確、結論不合理
 |
從中我們可以得出的觀點是
①農業稅相對穩定 ②工商雜稅逐漸增長并超過農業稅
③商品經濟發展 ④工商雜稅后來成為清政府主要稅源
A.①②④ B.①②③
C.②③④ D.①②③④
6.下列關于鴉片戰爭后自然經濟逐步解體的表述不正確的是
A.中國手工棉紡織業的衰敗是自然經濟開始解體的標志
B.中國自身商品經濟的發展是自然經濟逐步解體的主要原因
C.這種變化深深地打上了半殖民地經濟的烙印
D.自然經濟的逐步解體為中國資本主義的產生和發展提供了客觀條件
7.下列選項中正確反映了1870～1956年中國民族資本主義發展趨勢的是
8.19世紀70年代后，李鴻章的洋務思想得到深化，他認為：“必先富而后能強，尤必富在民生而國本乃可益固�！边@表明他主張
A.仿效西方政治制度 B.興辦近代軍事工業
C.創辦近代民用工業 D.關注和改善民眾生活
9.《馬關條約》中規定：“日本臣民得在中國制造一切貨物，其于內地運送稅、內地稅、鈔課、雜派……即照日本臣民運入中國之貨物一體辦理，自應享優例豁除。”由此可以看出導致中國近代以來民族工業舉步維艱的一個因素是
A.外資工業在中國的興起 B.民族工業沒有技術優勢
C.民族工業沒有資本優勢 D.外資工業享有免稅特權
10.下圖關于建國后農村生產關系的調整中實現了土地所有制根本性變革的是
①1952年土地改革 ②農民踴躍報名入社 ③人民公社化運動 ④家庭聯產承包
A.②③④ B.①② C.①③④ D.②④
11.右圖是1955年的政治宣傳畫，圖中“聽毛主席的話，我自愿入社”的“社”指的是
A.農業生產的合作組織
B.公私合營的生產組織
C.人民公社的生產組織
D.包產到組的生產組織
12.右圖是安徽省風陽縣小崗生產隊社員在20世紀70年代末秘密簽訂的一份契約：“我們分田到戶，每戶戶主簽字蓋章�！绮怀�，我們干部坐牢殺頭也甘心�！边@份契約簽訂的背景是
A.人民公社體制挫傷了廣大農民的生產積極性
B.家庭聯產承包責任制在部分地區已經實行
C.我國農村土地所有制正經歷著變革
D.農村解決了溫飽問題，正向小康邁進
13.20世紀90年代初，我國從思想和實踐上全面突破了“計劃經濟”模式，其表現是
①重新確立解放思想、實事求是的指導方針 ②鄧小平視察南方發表談話
③《關于經濟體制改革的決定》的通過 ④建立社會主義市場經濟體制
A.①③ B.②④
C.①④ D.②③
14.改革開放30年，我國取得偉大成就關鍵是我們在實踐的基礎上不斷推進“馬克思主義中國化”的進程，形成和發展了中國特色社會主義理論體系。這一體系包括
①毛澤東思想 ②鄧小平理論
③“三個代表”重要思想 ④科學發展觀
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.②③④ D.①②③④
15.辛亥革命后南京臨時政府于
A.用國號紀年取代帝王年號紀年體現了民主共和精神
B.沿用舊歷有利于安排農事和優秀傳統文化的傳承
C.這種陰陽歷并用的作法體現了“新舊并存、中西共融”的特點
D.這種作法沒有受到西俗東漸和社會變革的影響
16.中國近現代社會生活變遷具有“新舊并存、中西共融”這一特點的根本原因是
A.各地經濟社會發展不平衡 B.經濟發展和政治變革
C.文化傳承和思想解放 D.科技進步和西學東漸
17.16世紀著名的葡萄牙詩人路易斯?德?卡蒙斯是這樣深情地描繪他的祖國的：“大陸，在這里是盡頭；大海，在這里才開頭�！绷钤娙藢λ淖鎳詾楹赖氖�
A.地處海路交通要沖 B.壟斷歐亞之間的貿易
C.率先探索出新航路 D.居歐洲商業中心地位
18.查爾斯?P金德爾伯格在《世界經濟霸權1500--1990》一書中記錄的英國每年申請專利數變化（如圖）。下列現象與圖中反映的歷史事實有明顯因果關系的是
A.工業革命的開展
B.壟斷組織的出現
C.君主立憲制確立
D.殖民霸權的確立
19.從社會轉型角度看，下列圖片中使人類由傳統社會開始過渡到現代社會的是
 |
A.牛耕 B.蒸汽機 C.內燃機 D.互聯網
20.資本主義世界市場形成的根本原因是
A.工場手工業的發展 B.交通通訊工具的發明
C.殖民擴張的開展 D.工業革命的推動
第Ⅱ卷（共60分）
二.非選擇題(本大題共5小題，合計60分。要求：分析材料，結合所學知識回答問題)
21.閱讀下列材料（12分）
材料一 （唐代開元十三年）東至宋、汴，西至岐州，夾路列店肆待客，酒饌豐溢。每店肆皆有驢，賃客乘，悠忽數十里，謂之驛驢。南詣荊、襄，北至太原、范陽，西至蜀川、涼府，皆有店肆，以供商旅，遠適數千里，不持寸刃。
――《通典?食貨七?歷代盛喪戶口》
材料二 舟航所聚，旁通巴漢，前指閩越，七澤十藪，三江五湖，控引河洛，兼包淮海，弘舸巨航，千舳萬艘，交易往還，昧旦永日。 ――《舊唐書?崔融傳》
材料三
（明清時期）鎮有各種類型……集散型的商業集鎮已形成專門性的農副產品市場，其大宗除輸出糧食，大都是重要的農產品原料或重要的農村家庭手工業產品；生產型的手工業市鎮則依托于某項手工業生產的發展。
材料四
鴉片戰爭后短短幾年，英國輸華商品比戰前增加了3.5倍，其中棉紡織品占總值的70%以上，增加了4倍多。江蘇松江、太倉一帶原本是中國手工棉紡織業中心，素有“衣被天下”的盛名，而鴉片戰爭以后，由
于洋布暢銷，“松太布市，銷減大半”，東南沿海一些專以紡織為業的鄉村，受到很大沖擊。
洋紗、洋布的進口(單位：千海關兩)
年份
洋紗
洋布
1867
1,450
11,671
1877
2,841
1,959
1887
12,590
24,457
1892
22,059
30,554
請回答：
A
“What are you bringing in to show and tell tomorrow?” Alex asked Sam as they walked onto the school playground.
“It’s a secret. A special secret,” Sam answered. “You can tell me,” Alex said. “I’m your best friend!”
“We-l-l-l,” Sam said. “Promise you won’t tell anybody?” “Sure,” Alex agreed.
Just then the bell rang. As they lined up in front of the classroom, Sam whispered his secret to Alex.
“What?” Alex whispered back, “Did you say your aunt’s farm?”
“No talking!” Their teacher warned.
“That’s right,” Sam whispered.
Now Alex was excited. This was too cool. What would it hurt to tell just one person?
“Listen, Jake,” Alex said during the break. “Sam has a secret, but I can tell you if you promise not to tell anybody else.” “OK,” Jake answered.
“Sam’s bringing in his aunt’s farm to show and tell tomorrow!”
But on the way home from school, he was bursting to tell Garth. And then Garth told Kenny.
The next morning the four boys arrived at school dressed like cowboys. Sam came toward them carrying a large box under his arm.
“Why are you guys dressed like that?” Sam asked. “So we can ride the horses,” Kenny said.
“What are you talking about?” Sam scratched (撓) his head.
“Alex said you were bringing in your aunt’s farm to show.” Jake told him.
“So?” Kenny asked. “Where are the animals?”
“I never said, ‘My aunt’s farm.’ I said, ‘My ants’ farm!’” Sam said. He pulled a container out of the box. “Look inside. You can see how the ants build roads and tunnels and how they make their homes and take care of the baby ants.”
1. Why didn’t Alex hear what Sam said ?
A. Because it was noisy in the classroom.
B. Because Sam said in a low voice.
C. Because Alex was affected by the teacher.
D. Because Sam wanted to fool him.
2. Alex told Sam’s secret to .
A. one classmate B. two classmates
C. three friends D. four friends
3. It can be inferred that Sam and the other four boys were to see each other the next morning.
A. excited B. angry C. disappointed D. confused
4. By telling the story, what did the writer probably want to express?
A. Honesty is the best policy to achieve our goals.
B. Lying will get people into more trouble.
C. It’s not easy for people to keep secrets.
D. We should think about what we see carefully.
B
Earl Guilford started working when he was 15 years old. For the first time in 64 years, he will be without a job. He’s had many jobs over the years, from painting cars to packaging meats. His time at the post office in Washington has lasted 28 years. Guilford has been through three different postmasters, and he retired as a full-time maintenance worker around 1998. But Guilford couldn’t stay out of work for long. He was in the process of becoming a school-bus driver when the post office asked him to come back as a part-time custodian(看守人). “I was over there taking the test when they called me,” he said.
Guilford has made quite an impression around the post office with his gentle attitude and friendly smile. Leverne Buck has worked with “Mr. Earl”, as some affectionately call Guilford, since 1993. Buck said， “He has a lot of wisdom, is always optimistic and never says anything negative about other people, especially in the workplace.” Buck said Guilford could tell when he was stressed and would pass by and say, “Don’t let it worry you,” or would make a quick joke to make him smile. He described his friendships with fellow employees as close. “You know the kind of people you can get along with and can say anything and it’s OK,” he said.
When Guilford agreed to return to the post office, he was under a year-by-year contract. “They are not going to renew his contract, and they’ve already got somebody else,” Buck said, adding the decision not to keep Guilford is unfortunate but is mainly because of concern for his health. Guilford isn’t happy about leaving his post-office family, and that family is unhappy to see him go. “I planned on retiring this year, and I’ll go how the Lord leads me,” Guilford said.
He wants to spend time with his wife, Ruth, and visit people who are living alone to “let them know somebody’s thinking about them”. “I will miss the people I work with and the people I see coming and going,” he said. Even though he didn’t know all of them by name, it was his routine to greet people as they entered the post office. “You always have time for ‘Good morning,’” he said.
5. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. It’s Never Too Old to Learn
B. Grandfather of Washington Post Office Retires Again
C. What Leads to Earl Guilford’s Workaholic Behavior
D. Hard Work Leads to Success
6. The post office in Washington won’t renew Guilford’s contract because ______.
A. they wish Guilford to spend more time with his wife
B. Guilford is tired of doing the job
C. his family is unhappy to see him go
D. his advanced age prevents him from working again
7. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that ______.
A. Guilford is a warm-hearted man and he’s popular among his fellow employees
B. Guilford keeps in tight touch with his fellow employees
C. people in the post office help and love each other
D. Guilford is not good at communication
8. How does Guilford probably feel working in the post office?
A. Very enjoyable. B. Rather busy.
C. Fairy dull. D. Hard and tired.
C
With 14,000 laborers working day and night, the first of Dubai’s three palm-shaped islands is finally about to get its first residents. The Palm Jumeirah（珠美拉棕櫚島嶼群）, a 12-square-mile island group, is part of what’s regarded as the largest land-cultivation project in the world, the product of five years of carrying of millions of tons of sand and rock.
On Nov. 30, the palm will open to some 4,000 residents, said Issam Kazim, a spokesman for Dubai’s state-owned developer Nakheel. When fully complete by 2010, the Palm Jumeirah will be an offshore city, with some 60,000 residents and at least 50,000 workers in 32 hotels and dozens of shops and attractions, Nakheel said.
Observers say they are surprised that the young developer has been able to build such a complex project more or less as planned, despite with several difficulties that delayed the opening from last year. “The project has captured people’s imagination,” said Colin Foreman of the Middle East Economic Digest. “Nothing like it has been done anywhere else in the world.”
Nakheel’s island projects, the world’s largest land cultivation effort, are reshaping Dubai’s coast. The $14 billion project is a key part of this city’s ambitions to compete with Singapore and Hong Kong as a business center, and be better than Las Vegas as a leisure capital. The rapid pace of development has transformed Dubai from a sleepy trading and pearl-diving village in the 1950s to a big city of 1.5 million.
The island’s construction has not all been smooth, and most buyers were supposed to get keys to their island homes a year ago. Some of the new land sank and Nakheel needed an extra year to add more and pack it with land compactors（壓土機）. Those moving onto the Palm Jumeirah this year will have to live with construction for another three years, and then a large number of tourists. Most of the owners are foreigners, with Britons making up the largest group.
9. What’s probably the best title for the passage?
A. The Process from a Pearl-diving Village to a Big City
B. The World’s Largest Land-cultivation Project
C. Dubai’s Man-made Island Nears Completion
D. The Palm Jumeirah
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The island’s construction goes smoothly.
B. It’s hard for the young developer to build the complex project as planned.
C. Dubai is sure to do better than Singapore and Hong Kong as a business centre.
D. The rapid pace of development of Dubai is beyond people’s imagination.
11. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____.
A. the island’s construction has attracted a large number of tourists
B. a lot of Englishmen are rushing to buy the real estate of the island
C. the construction made some of the new land sink
D. those people moving onto the palm Jumeirah have a strong appeal for the tourists
12. The passage wants to tell us that ______.
A. wisdom and determination works wonder
B. whatever you do, do it well
C. the largest land-cultivation project is wonderful
D. the young developer Nakheel
D
NEW YORK(Reuters)―Two of America’s top authors, John Irving and Stephen King, made a plea to J.K. Rowling on Tuesday not to kill Harry Potter in the final book of the series, but Rowling made no promises.
“My fingers are crossed for Harry,” Irving said at a joint news conference before a charity reading by the three writers at New York’s Radio City Music Hall. The author of “The World According to Garp” and other bestsellers said he and King felt like “warm-up bands” for Rowling, who is working on the seventh and last book in the Harry Potter series, and who has said two characters will die. King, who shot to fame in 1974 with “Carrie”, said he had confidence that Rowling would be “fair” to her hero.
Rowling, a Briton whose books have sold 300 million copies worldwide according to her publishers, said she was well into the process of writing the final book. “I feel quite liberated,” she said. “I can end the story now and it’s fun in a way because finally I’ve reached my decision, and I think some people will hate it and some people will love it, but that’s how it should be.” “We’re working toward the end I always planned but a couple of characters I expected to survive have died and one character got a reprieve（死刑撤銷）,” she said, refusing to explain.
Asked about the wisdom of killing off fictional characters, Rowling said，“I understand why an author would kill a character from the point of view of not allowing others to continue writing after the original author is dead,” leaving the door open to the worst fears of some fans―that Harry could die.
“When fans accuse me of sadism, which doesn’t happen that often, I feel I’m toughening them up to go on and read John and Stephen’s books,” she said. “I think they’ve got to be toughened up somehow. It’s a cruel literary world out there.”
13. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means _____.
A. I am praying for Harry
B. I demand Harry go on alone
C. I am happy about Harry
D. I take the side of Harry
14. Rowling will set the plot of Harry Potter’s death in the final book of series because ____.
A. it’s fun for her to end the story in such a way
B. she wishes others not to continue writing Harry Potter after her death
C. she is working toward the end she always planned
D. she will lead readers to experience the cruel literary
15. What do you know about Rowling?
A. She is worldly wise and plays safe.
B. She is good at the long-term planning.
C. She sticks to her way whatever others say.
D. she pays no attention to her sadism.
16. What can we learn from the end of the story?
A. Readers are happy that Rowling won’t kill Harry Potter in her final book.
B. Rowling persuades her readers to read more other bestsellers.
C. More and more fans accuse her of sadism.
D. The death of Harry Potter gets a reprieve.
E
For most people, filmmaking calls up an image of famous directors like Steven Spielburg, backed by big Hollywood studios with multi-million dollars budgets. But digital filmmaking in the form of a portable digital video camera, special effects opera and at-home editing means that anyone can be a filmmaker.
Bart Cheever (producer): Digital technology is completely rewriting the way films are made. It’s letting a lot of people outside the traditional Hollywood film studio system make film for the first time. We’re going to see a lot of new stories come out in a lot of new perspectives that have never been seen before.
Halfden Hussey: What this is doing is freezing up(使不能正常運轉) film-makers on lower budgets to do work that they could never have done before. So these innovations are turning the world of film in a new direction.
Lynn Herschmann (Producer & Director): Film?鄄makers can take advantage of technology as it’s being invented, that is the technology of our time. It is what Fresco painting was to the Renaissance.
A thirty-minute digital videocassette costs about twenty dollars. Now shooting that same thirty minutes on a sixteen-millimeter film, developing it, and then transferring it to video for editing cost a hundred times more. With prices ranging from one to four thousand dollars, digital video cameras, like this Sony VX1000, are giving independent filmmakers high quality images at low budget prices.
Halfden Hussey: A lot of creative forces in this world do not have the resources of a studio and now with the digital camera, they can do work that can compete with the studio.
Rodney Asher(Filmmaker & FX Artist): An important part of trying to make a documentary is capturing the world as it is without interference(干擾) from you, and a little DV camera can let you do that.
17. What do you suppose the word “innovations” in Paragraph 3 means?
A. Ideas. B. Inventions.
C. Changes. D. Improvements.
18. There are several reasons why digital filmmaking can greatly reduce the budgets EXCEPT that _____.
A. the prices of digital video cameras are relatively low so that independent filmmakers can afford it
B. shooting with a sixteen-millimeter film is a hundred times more than using a digital video cassette
C. digital filmmaking does not need much equip?鄄ment and can be edited at home
D. it makes it possible to have a lot of new stories come out in many new ways
19. What does Lynn Herschmann believe the invention of digital technology means to our time?
A. It can help the maker of a documentary capture the world without interfering it.
B. It means that anyone can become a filmmaker if he has his own digital camera.
C. It is a revolutionary invention as what Fresco painting was to the Renaissance.
D. It means that people can see a lot of new stories which are not made in Hollywood.
20. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. films made by digital cameras will replace traditional ones
B. making films with digital cameras will become more popular
C. Hollywood films which cost a lot of money are not good films
D. the cost of Hollywood films will be greatly reduced in the future
F
We all know that our eyes are sometimes bigger than our stomach when it comes to food intake and now a new study reveals that your stomach really does need a while to make up its mind that it is full.
The concept that eating slower limits appetite has been, though not seriously, discussed for ages, but there was never any scientific proof―now there is.
“It started in about 1972 as a supposition that eating slowly would allow the body time for the development of satiety (fullness) and we would eat less,” said Kathleen Melanson, a researcher from the University of Rhode Island. “Since then we’ve heard it everywhere and it has become common knowledge. But no studies had been conducted to prove it.”
In the study 30 college-aged-women were given large plates of pasta and told to eat as much as they wished.
When asked to eat quickly, they consumed 646 calories in nine minutes. But when they were told to slow down and chew the food 15 to 20 times, their calorie consumption was about 579 calories in 29 minutes.
“Satiety signals clearly need time to develop,” Melanson said. “Not only did the women take in fewer calories when they ate more slowly, they had a greater feeling of satiety at meal completion and 60 minutes afterwards, which strongly suggests benefits to eating more slowly.”
The women who ate slowly also reported enjoying their meals more.
The results were reported at the annual meeting of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity in October.
21. By “...our eyes are sometimes bigger than our stomach when it comes to food intake”, the author means “______”.
A. sometimes our eyes can be very big when we are eating
B. at times we are surprised at good food
C. sometimes we can eat more than we can find
D. attracted by food, we sometimes eat too much
22. According to the findings of the research from the University of Rhode Island, people should eat slowly in order to ______.
A. have the feeling of satiety
B. eat the appropriate amount of food
C. enjoy the meal as much as possible
D. consume fewer calories
23. All the following are included in the findings of the research EXCEPT ______.
A. by eating more slowly, people are in need of less heat during a meal
B. the faster you eat, the more calories you will take in for a meal
C. eating slowly benefits people by way of limiting the amount of food to take in
D. people can have a better appetite by eating slowly
24. Interestingly enough, if eating very fast, the moment he / she feels full, the eater ______.
A. is really full
B. is still hungry
C. can still eat something else
D. has eaten too much
G
Herbaceous(草本的) peony in Chinese language is shaoyao which means “medicinal herb plant”. The root of shaoyao was what first interested the Chinese. At a spring festival of song and dance, presenting the root of a peony most probably was like giving a forget-me-not.
The tree peony entered the lives of the Chinese people through the herbaceous peony, shaoyao. It was first called tree shaoyao and other names, eventually mudan. Mudan means “male scarlet flower” because its reproduction is principally by root division, instead of the usual way, by seeds that requires the combination of pollen of male and female flowers.
The earliest record of the tree peony was found in
25. According to the passage, peony is useful in several aspects, which are ______.
A. medical, ornamental, and love-showing
B. magic, fantastic, and romantic
C. garden-building and inspiring
D. burial, decorative, and fantastic
26. The underlined word “domesticate” in the third paragraph has the similar meaning to ______.
A. put some plant at home B. make (some plant) adaptive
C. protect D. harvest
27. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.
A. most emperors in ancient China liked flowers
B. emperor Yang cared more for flowers than for his country
C. in the Sui Dynasty peony was only liked by the nobles
D. peony has gained a high position in people’s mind
28. The passage above is probably taken from an article entitled ______.
A. Peony-the national flower of China
B. A history of peony, or Shaoyao
C. A wild flower and a domestic flower
D. Mudan-a medicinal flower
H
The favors we do for friends and others have complicated and various results. But the significance of the little acts of kindness we do or refuse to do may not be known until many years in the future. Because we cannot see the consequences of our actions when we carry them out, we tend to ignore them. We may think our small acts of kindness make very little difference and are unimportant. However, do not belittle your charity. A jug fills drop by drop.
Constantly being asked to do favors is not a burden, but a sign that one has many friends. And it is an opportunity to gain new experiences as well as gain the wisdom to decide which favors to grant and which to turn down. Our little acts of kindness can pay big dividends to our friends. For example, by spending ten minutes with a friend to share my knowledge of cameras, I may save him hours of work as he decides which camera to buy. Similarly, he may recommend to me a book to read, a web site to visit, or a piece of software to try. So, the time we spend with others adds value to the time we spend with ourselves. This is not to suggest, however, that we should willingly grant favors because we will eventually receive benefits. No, the biggest favor we can do for ourselves is to grant favors to others with no expectation or hope of any reward. For by doing so, we can make the world a favorable place for all by blessing it with the favors we do as we pass by.
29. According to the author, the favours we do ______.
A. might be very helpful even though we don’t know the value of them
B. are always rewarding and fruitful
C. should be granted without exceptions or reward
D. should be mutual and interactive
30. By the saying “A jug fills drop by drop”, the author wants to tell us that ______.
A. one should do favours with perseverance
B. the more good deeds, the better
C. good deeds are like drops of water
D. small favours can be accumulated to big charities
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true accordingly?
A. Rewarding favours are incidental.
B. Not all favours we do are traceable.
C. No favour should be turned down.
D. Small acts of kindness might pay big dividends to others.
32. This passage is meant to ______.
A. make clear to people the value of friendship
B. call on people to help others
C. distinguish favours of various kinds
D. enable people to tell right favours from wrong ones
臨沂市高三教學質量檢查考試
政 治
2009.3
本試卷分第I 卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分，共10頁。試卷滿分100 分，考試用時100分鐘。考試結束后, 將本試卷、答題卡和答題紙一并交。答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目填涂在試卷、答題卡和答題紙規定的地方。
第I卷( 必做 共44分)
注意事項:
1. 每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。不能答在試卷上。
2.
第I 卷共 22 個小題，每小題2分，共 44 分。在每題給出的四個選項中，只有一項是最符合題目要求的。
目前，我國部分地區樓市交易低迷，房價下跌。回答1-2 題。
1. 樓市低迷直接影響到鋼鐵、建材、銀行保險、裝飾裝潢等行業的發展。針對這種情況，各地政府出臺了一系列針對房地產市場的調控措施, 如放寬第二套房貸款、減免購房相關稅費等。政府采取措施穩定房地產市場的依據是
①我國政府具有組織經濟建設的職能
②以市場調節為基礎不利于資源的優化配置
③市場機制要與國家的宏觀調控結合起來
④加強直接干預是現代市場經濟的要求
A. ①③ B.
①②③ C. ③④ D
①②
2. 下列各項中與上題材料所體現的宏觀調控手段相一致的是
A. 國務院審議并通過《乳品質量安全監督管理條例》
B. 國家發改委將超薄塑料袋列入淘汰類產品目錄
C 國務院出臺鋼鐵、汽車、船舶等十大產業振興規劃
D. 國家加強新上項目市場準入審核，提高市場準入門檻
3. 價格變動影響企業的生產和經營。面對商品降價企業必須努力提高勞動生產率。其經濟意義在于
①降低補會必要勞動時間, 獲得競爭優勢 ②降低個別勞動時間, 減少生產成本
③提高單位商品的價值量, 做到以質取勝
④提供產品降價空間, 應對價格競爭
A ②④ B
②③④ C
①③ D
①②④
4. 經濟學家發現, 工作不穩定的人比有著穩定工作的人有更高的儲蓄愿望。這表明
A. 當前收入直接影響當前的消費水平
B. 未來收入預期影響當前的消費水平
C. 居民收入差距大小影響總體消費水平
D. 人們應轉變消費觀念, 做理智的消費者
5. 增值稅以企業生產經營的增值額為征稅對象, 但我國過去也對企業購進的機器設備等固定資產征稅。
①有利于降低企業設備投資的稅收負擔, 促進企業技術進步
②有利于調動企業投資的積極性減輕企業負擔, 擴大內需
③有利于促進產業結構調整, 轉變經濟增長方式
④有利于調節個人收入分配, 維護社會公平
A ①③④ B
②③④ C. ①②④ D
①②③
中共十七屆三中全會2008 年10月 9-12 日在北京舉行, 全會審議通過了《中共中央關于推進農村改革發展若干重大問題的決定》。回答 6-8 題。
6.
會議強調指出, 全黨必須深刻認識“三農”工作面臨的新形勢新任務, 全面把握新機遇新挑戰, 把解決好“三農”問題作為全黨工作的章中之重。提出上述要求的依據是
A. 科學發展觀的第一要義在于統籌城鄉發展
B.“三農”問題事關全面建設小康社會的大局
C. 農業在我國國民經濟中的比重會不斷提高
D. 我國現階段的中心任務隨著形勢的變化而變化
7.《決定》把“農村基層組織建設進一步加強, 村民自治制度更加完善, 農民民主權利得到切實保障”作為我國農村改革發展的基本目標和任務之一。堅持和完善村民自治制度的直接意義在于
A. 鞏固農村基層政權, 保障人民當家作主
B. 擴大公民權利, 發展社會主義民主政治
C. 發展基層民主, 保證人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利
D. 加強制度建設, 使人民群眾能夠直接參與國家管理
8. 隨著農村勞動力外出務工的增多和現代農業的發展, 農村對加快土地承包經營權流轉的要求更加迫切。《決定》明確提出, 按照依法自愿有償原則, 允許農民以轉包、出租、互換、轉讓、股份合作等形式流轉土地承包經營權, 發展多種形式的適度規模經營。中央出臺允許農民土地流轉政策的哲學依據是
A. 生產關系一定要適應生產力的狀況
B. 上層建筑一定要適應經濟基礎狀況
C. 改革是社會主義制度的根本變革
D. 徹底否定才能實現事物的發展
9. 我國政府具有歷史上任何政府都不可比擬的權威。從根本上講, 這是由
A. 我國政府依法行政的能力
B. 我國政府工作的良好業績
C. 我國政府工作人員的良好形象 D.
我國社會主義國家的性質
10. 胡錦濤總書記在紀念黨的十一屆三中全會召開30周年大會上的講話中指出, 改革開放以來我們取得一切成績和進步的根本原因, 歸結起來就是：開辟了中國特色社會主義道路, 形成了中國特色社會主義理論體系。中國特色社會主義理論體系是
①包括毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想和科學發展觀等重大戰略思想在內的科學理論體系②關于中國革命和建設的正確的理論原則和經驗總結③馬克思主義中國化的最新成果④不斷發展的、開放的理論體系
A.
①②③ B.
③④ C. ①③④ D.
②④
11.
中共中央統戰部負責人在北京接見達賴喇嘛的私人代表時強調, 任何組織、個人都必須以憲法為根本的活動準則, 維護憲法尊嚴, 遵守憲法和民族區域自治法。民族區域自治是解決我國民族問題的基本政策, 是國家的→項基本政治制度。對于民族區域自治制度, 下列認識正確的是
①我國的民藤區域自治是以釵士完整、國家統一為甜是的
②我國各少數民族居住的地方都實行民族區域自治
③我國各民族自治地方的自治機關依法行使自治權
④民族自治地方是中華人民共和國的地方行政區域
A. ①②③ B.
②③④ C. ①②④ D.
①③④
12. 近年來, 亞丁灣、索馬里海域頻繁發生海盜襲擊、劫持過往船舶事件, 對國際航運、海上貿易和海上安全構成嚴重威脅。
①我國支持和參與聯合國的各項活動
②我國外交政策的基本立場發生變化
③我國積極履行國際義務, 展示了我國負責任的大國形象
④維護國家利益是國家對外活動的出發點和落腳點
A. ①② B.
②③ C. ③④ D.
①④
目前臨沂市大型水上實景藝術表演《蒙山沂水》室外版正在緊鑼密鼓地籌備中, 預計今年“五一”將與廣大市民和游客見面�；卮�13一14 題。
13. 《蒙山沂水》室外版將為海內外游客提供精美絕倫的沂蒙印象, 也為全市人民奉獻豐盛的文化大餐, 對展示臨沂豐厚的文化資源, 促進臨沂文旅結合、把臨沂打造成旅游目的地城市, 具有重大的推動作用。這表明
A. 文化與經濟相互交融、相互影響
B. 文化的價值在于能否創造經濟價值
C. 優秀文化是一種物質力量, 對經濟社會發展具有促進作用
D. 文化對經濟發展具有決定性作用
14. 《蒙山沂水》室外版, 內容上突出沂蒙紅色文化, 并將豐厚的歷史文化和蓬勃發展的現代文化融為一體, 借助蒙山沂水獨特的山水品牌, 綜合運用聲光電水景等各種手段, 通過政府推動、市場運作、社會參與、公司經營 , 打造國內獨一無二的大型水上實景演出和文藝極品。這啟示我們
①加強文化建設，要注意突出地方文化特色
②文化發展要正確處理好繼承與創新的關系
③創新內容、創新形式、創新手段是文化發展的要求
④國家應努力扶持高雅文化, 限制通俗文化的發展
A ②③④ B.
①②④ C. ①②③ D.
①③④
15. 推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮必須大力建設社會主義核心價值體系。社會主義核心價值體系是
①社會主義意識形態的本質體現 ②全國人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎
③推動文化創新的動力和源泉 ④堅持先進文化前進方向的要求
A. ①②③ B.
①②④ C. ②③④ D.
①③④
16. 臨沂市以“提升群眾幸福指數”為宗旨, 扎實有效、持續不斷地開展全國文明城市創建活動, 得到千萬臨沂人民的衷心擁護和積極參與, 極大提升了城市的文明程度和文化品位, 提升了臨沂的城市形象。這表明, 建設社會主義精神文明必須
①積極開展多種形式的精神文明創建活動
②充分調動人民群眾參與精神文明建設的積極性
③堅持以人為本, 人民群眾共建共享
④把城市作為精神文明建設的重點
A. ①②③ B.
①② C. ②③④ D.
①③④
北京奧運會以精彩的開閉幕式、嚴密的賽事組織和完美的服務, 為世界奉獻了一場“無與倫比”的體育盛會, 給奧林匹克留下一份寶貴的遺產。回答17-18題。
17. 張藝謀在談到北京奧運會開幕式時說, 使用一種中國人、外國人都能看得懂的方式講述了一個特別美麗的中國故事, 這是北京奧運會開幕式得以成功的最關鍵因素之一�！坝檬澜缯Z言講述中國故事”體現了
A. 消除文化差異是文化發展的必然要求
B. 各民族文化既有差異, 又有共性和普遍規律
C. 中華文化具有源遠流長、博大精深的特點
D. 傳統文化的弘揚必須借助外來文化的形式
18. 十萬大軍, 一張“名片”。北京奧運會志愿者用激情和責任詮釋了“奉獻、友愛、互助、進 步”的志愿精神。他們用志愿行動為當代青年引領了生活時尚, 也體現了他們的人生價值。這說明
A. 奉獻社會的目的是為了彰顯自我價值
B. 有價值的人生不應考慮個人利益
C. 要在奉獻和創造中實現人生價值
D. 實現人生價值需要一定的客觀條件
19. 五行學說認為世界的本原就是木、火、土、金、水五種具體的物質形態。同時, 還以五行之間的生、克關系來闡釋事物之間的制約關系, 認為任何事物是在不斷的相生、相克的運動之中維持著協調平衡。這即是五行學說的基本涵義。這種觀點
①認為世界是物質的, 堅持了唯物主義的根本方向
②把物質歸結為具體的物質形態, 實質是唯心主義觀點
③以“相生相克”解釋世界, 包含有聯系和發展的觀點
④不以意識、鬼神說明世界, 是科學的世界觀和方法論
A. ①②③ B. ①③ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
20. 30年前, 一場關于真理標準問題的大討論, 極大地解放了人們的思想, 使中國走上改革開放之路。這主要表明
①哲學是社會變革的先導 ②哲學都是自己時代的精神上的精華
③社會存在決定社會意識 ④社會意識對社會發展具有能動作用
A. ①② B ②④ C. ②③ D. ①④
21. 科學發展觀科學回答了“實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展”的重大理論和實際問題。科學發展觀是用來指導發展的, 其著眼點是用新的思路實現更好的發展。這是因為
A. 實踐是認識的來源 B. 實踐是認識發展的動力
C. 實踐是認識的的目的和歸宿 D. 實踐是檢驗認識真理性的唯一標準
22. 恩格斯曾指出, 人類不要過分陶醉于對自然的勝利, 對每一次勝利, 自然界都進行了報復。其中蘊含的哲理是
①事物的聯系具有普遍性和客觀性
②規律是客觀的, 違背規律就要受到規律的懲罰
③人要充分發揮主觀能動性, 認識和創造規律
④適應而不是改造自然, 是人類面對自然的正確選擇
A. ①②③ B .①②④ C. ②④ D. ①②
臨沂市高三教學質量檢查考試
政 治
2009.3
第II卷 （必做46分+選做10分，共 56分）
注意事項：
1. 第II卷共5 道題。其中23-25題為必答部分，26-27 題為選做部分，考生在選做部分的試題中必須選擇1道作答。不按規定選做者，閱卷時將根據題號的先后順序只判最前面的1道試題，其他作答的題目答案無效。
2. 第II 卷所有題目的答案考生須用黑色簽字筆、鋼筆或圓珠筆答在試卷答題紙上，在試卷上答題無效。
【必做部分】
23.（8分）剛剛過去的2008 年, 是黨和國家發展進程中很不尋常、很不, 平凡的一年。面對嚴峻形勢, 我們黨團結帶領全國各族人民同心同德、頑強拼搏, 成功奪取抗擊南方部分地區嚴重低溫雨雪冰凍災害和四川汶川特大地震災害斗爭的重大勝利, 成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會, 成功完成神舟七號載人航天飛行任務, 沉著應對國際金融危機沖擊, 社會主義現代化建設取得新的顯著成就, 我國國際地位和國際影響力進一步提高。
(1) 結合材料, 從國際競爭實質的角度, 簡要說明“我國國際地位和國際影響力進一步提高”的原因。 (6 分 )
(2)2008 年, 留給中國人太多的記憶。如果讓你用幾個關鍵詞感悟中國過去的2008 年, 你會想到哪些 ?( 至少2 個) (2 分 )
24.（15分） 材料一 2008 年, 被稱為中國的“網絡監督年”, 中國網民見證了網絡監督的強大威力。一項網上調查顯示, 參與調查的網民有87.9% 非常關注網絡監督, 當遇到社會不良現象時,93.3%的網民選擇網絡曝光。領導人上網了解民情, 政府上網公開政務, 公民上網表達意見……種種現象表明, 互聯網上的“政治互動”不僅改變著政治信息的傳播方式, 也日漸深入地改變著政治生態環境。
(1) 從政治生活的角度, 說明重視網絡民意、發揮網絡監督作用的意義。 (6分)
材料二 隨著科技的發展, 網絡悄然走進人們的生活, 在給人們帶來便利的同時, 也帶來許多問題, 一些格調不高甚三低俗的內容在網上傳播, 對人們特別是青少年造成不良影響。為進一步凈化網絡環境, 國家七部委于2008 年1 月5 日開展了整治互聯網低俗之風專項行動, 并取得了階段性的成果, 得到社會各界的一致好坪。據此, 有人認為, 網絡對人的影響是潛移默化的, 個人無法抗拒, 抵制低俗網絡文化關鍵在于國家。
(2) 請從文化對人影響的角度, 談談你對這一觀點的認。 (9分 )
25.(23 分 )
注：2007年我國GDP 增速為11.4% 。2008 年我國 GDP 增速為9%，世界經濟增速平均為3.7%。
(1 ) 指出圖 1 和圖 2（含注）反映的經濟信息?(4 分 ) 針對圖表反映的問題, 國家做出了怎樣的重大決策 ? (2 分 )
(2) 由于受全球金融危機的沖擊, 部分企業訂單減少、效益下滑, 生產經營困難, 一些企業把裁員作為應對困境的手段。但我省濟南、青島、濟寧、臨沂等地的許多企業, 不把責任推給社會, 做出“不裁員”甚至“不減薪”承諾, 充分挖掘內部潛力, 勞資齊心協力抵御金融危機, 贏得 職工和社會的贊譽。我省相關部門也出臺措施, 減輕企業稅費負擔, 幫助企業克服困難, 穩定 就業形勢。
企業是以營利為目的的, 部分企業面對危機堅持“不裁員”。對此應如何認識 ?(5 分 ) 在“不裁員”的情況下, 企業如何才能度過危機, 請你提出幾點建議 ( 至少三條)。 (3 分 )
(3) 盡管我國經濟發展面臨著來自國際國內的嚴重困難和嚴峻挑戰, 但我國經濟發展的基本面和長期趨勢沒有改變, 仍然具備加快發展的有利條件, 我們遇到的困難和挑戰是前進中的問題。當前的國際金融危機, 是“�！敝杏小皺C”。面對當前金融危機, 黨和國家領導人多次 強調，“信心比黃金和貨幣更重要”，“堅定信心是戰勝危機的力量源泉”。
請說明面對金融危機, 我們要堅定信心的哲學依據。 (9 分 )
【選做部分】
26.(10分) 【國家與國際組織常識】
材料一 2009 年1月20日, 民主黨人奧巴馬正式入主白宮。同時, 民主黨在新一屆國會中也進一步擴大優勢, 美國進入了一個嶄新的“民主黨時代”。盡管奧巳馬與控制國會的民主黨人處于同一陣線但這并不保證奧巴馬“新政”一定暢行無阻。作為立法機構的國會有不同于行政部門的權力、利益、規則和節奏。
材料二 2008 年12月18日, 胡錦濤總書記在紀念黨的十一屆三中全會召開30 周年大會上的講話中指出“必須堅持中國特色社會主義政治發展道路, 堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一�！薄耙獔猿趾屯晟迫嗣翊泶髸贫�、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度, 壯大愛國統一戰線, 推進社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化。”
(1) 說明材料一反映的政治現象。 (4 分 )
(2) 堅持和完善人民代表大會制度, 必須堅持和改善黨對國家事務的領導。中國共產黨與人民代表大會的關系是怎樣的 ? (6 分 )
27.( 10 分 )【公民道德與倫理常識】
“起步較晚、治療不規范、發展不平衡、一哄而起。”有專家這樣概括中國器官移植的現狀。提供體資源的嚴重缺乏，引發了器官買賣的暗箱操作, 有人為高額利潤銳而走險。
(1) 結合材料, 說明加強公民道德建設的重要性。 (4 分 )
(2) 現代生命科技飛速發展, 提出了許多倫理難題。你認為人們在研究醫學和生命科學的實踐中, 應該遵循哪些必要的倫理原則 ? (6 分 )
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