鎮海中學
2008 學年第一學期期中考試高三年級
英語試卷
第一部分 聽力 (共兩節。滿分30分)
第一節（共5 小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In an office. B. In a library. C. In a bookstore.
2. Where did the speakers plan to go?
A. A shopping center. B. An opera house. C. The parking lot.
3. Which aspect of the film does the woman like?
A. The plot. B. The music. C. The dialogue.
4. What do we know about the woman’s jacket?
A. It is sold at a lower price.
B. Its color is her favorite.
C. It is her sister’s size.
5. What does the woman imply?
A. The man is so forgetful.
B. The man is too careless.
C. The man is over confident.
第二節（共15 小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話或獨白前后，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What makes the man so tired?
A. Playing games.
B. Surfing the Internet.
C. Searching for interesting people.
7. Whom did the man chat with?
A.
People from
B. People in need of his help.
C. People on the same project.
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8. What does the law forbid people to do?
A. To take dogs to parks.
B. To walk dogs in the streets.
C. To treat dogs cruelly.
9. What do we know from what the woman said?
A. Dogs should be kept at home.
B. Building a dog park is necessary.
C. People would remove the dog waste.
聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10. According to the man, what did he do before he watched TV?
A. He washed his hands.
B. He had his supper.
C. He took a path.
11. What place had the man been to the night before?
12. What does the man try to do in the conversation?
A. To prove the truth. B. To find the truth. C. To hide the truth.
聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13. Why did the son come back late?
A. He hurt his hands and knees.
B. He went to a pub with Linda.
C. He waited a long time for the bus.
14. What was the old lady doing in the middle of the road?
A. Looking for something.
B. Struggling to sand up.
C. Trying to seek help.
15. What happened to Linda?
A. She was fired. B. She got injured. C. She had an accident.
16. Where was the witness?
A. Outside the pub. B. At a bus stop. C. In his car.
聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17. What’s the problem of some of the university students?
A. They don’t spend all their time on studies.
B. They don’t know what to do with their free time.
C. They don’t have choices for outside class activities.
18. How is the students’ high school life?
A. Controlled and busy.
B. Regular and colorful.
C. Active and independent.
19. According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?
A. To make students healthier.
B. To improve students’ test scores.
C. To enrich students’ experience.
20. What does the speaker advise his students to do?
A. Learn to enjoy themselves.
B. Learn to be their own masters.
C. Learn to develop their potential.
第二部分 英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分35分）
第一節 單項填空 (共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)
21. _______ person like him won’t be satisfied with _______ little progress that he has made.
A. The; a B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the
22. out of the difficult situation, the restaurant is now making efforts to improve the quality of service.
A. To get B. Got C. Having got D. Getting
23. ―Hadn’t your sheep gone much farther ______ you caught up with them?
―No, and we found ______ only two of them that were frozen to death.
A. when; it were B. until; it were C. before; it was D. as; there was
24. ______ of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
25. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed quite difficult at first, has _______ many good changes in their lives.
A. resulted from B. brought about C. took place D. got through
26. It is in that poor village, _______ Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, _______ she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.
A. where; when B. that; that C. that; when D. where; that
27. The most exciting thing for him was_____ he finally found two tinned fruits in_____ seemed to him to be a servant's bedroom.
A. that; what B. what; what C. that; that D. what; that
28. -------______ Henry have left already?
-------He ______, for he always has good manners.
A．Must; needn’t have left B．Might; couldn’t have left
C．May; mustn’t have left D．Could; can’t have left
29. I feel sure that _______ qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.
A. regardless of B. in spite of C. in terms of D. by means of
30. ― I saw no more than one motor car in that shop. Will you go and buy _______?
― No, I’d rather find _______ in other shops.
A. one; one B. it; one C. one; it D. it; it
31. The telephone____ four times in the last twenty minutes，and each time it___for my roommate.
A. rang；has been B. has been ringing；is
C. had rung；was D. has rung；was
32. ------I didn’t invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.
-------_______ he hadn’t come! The party could have been a success.
A. How come B. If only C. What if D. Only if
33. ------ John, I can' t play tennis at all. I wonder if you could teach me.
-----______. Just name the day.
A. I'm glad B. Go ahead C. If you like it D. With pleasure
34. ----- Are you satisfied with your interview yesterday?
----Oh, not a little．I can’t feel _____.There ____ be a bright future ahead of me.
A. any better; should B. any worse; could
C. any well; shall D. any badly; can
35. With two more professional hands _____ you with the work later on, scarcely will you have trouble _______ your task ahead of time.
A. helping…completing B. help…to complete
C. will help…completed D. to help…completing
第二節 完型填空 （共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
When I entered
When I took the first exam, I was 38 to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 39 English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained _ 40 .
I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that 41 because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I 42 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his 43 .
One more test before the final exam. One more 44 to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time, 45 the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my 46 did no good and everything 47 as before.
The last hurdle (障礙) was the final. No matter what 48 I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye.
I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 50 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have 51 with a test.
A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office. He 52 to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you 53 , you wouldn’t continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him, 54 that his analysis and strategy were correct. I had worked my head off, as I had never done before.
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own __55__of excellence.
36. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get
37. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained
38. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious
39. A. but B. so C. for D. or
40. A. unhappy B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved
41. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected
42. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted
43. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view
44. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure
45. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned
46. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method
47. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed
48. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment
49. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject
51. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks.
52. A. happened B. proved C. pretended D. seemed
53. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed
54. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing
55.A. standard B. point C. way D. reason
第三部分 閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
A
Problem Page
Dear Lifeline,
I shall be getting married in August．My mother wants me to have a white wedding in church, because I am the only daughter, and she wants me to have the kind of wedding that she had．I , on the other hand, would like to have a simple wedding and a small party afterwards for my immediate family and close friends．I don’t want my parents to go to a lot of expense just for one day; I’d rather they spent the money on things that my husband and I will need, that will last us for many years．
Do you agree with me that this is a reasonable point of view? Can you think of a way in which I might persuade my parents to think as I do ?
Yours,
Money-Conscious
Dear Money-Conscious,
We agree that your point of view is reasonable; but reason isn’t everything. Your parents clearly do not mind ‘going to a lot of expense’, as you put it. They would mind more if you prevented them from doing so. There is, in fact, no reason why a white wedding in church should cost a lot of money. Such a wedding can be very simple, yet it can give you the sort of happy memories that your mother has of her own wedding day．
We suggest you meet your mother halfway. Have a simple church wedding and a simple party afterwards. If it means so much to your mother, perhaps you owe it to her to do as she wishes. We are sure that you will not regret it．
Dear lifeline,
I have known my girlfriend for six years. The other day, I asked her to marry me, certain that I knew what the answer would be. But she said she wanted to think about it．
I shall be going on holiday soon, and I hoped she would come with me; but now she says she’d rather go on holiday with a friend of hers. Am I losing her?
Yours,
Deeply Worried
Dear Deeply Worried,
Perhaps you were too certain of your girlfriend. Six years is a long time. Perhaps you have been in each other’s packets for too long. Give yourselves a holiday from each other, and then ask her again on your return. We think you will find that she will give you the answer that you want．
56. It is the purpose of the Problem Page to _____.
A．write letters to lonely, troubled people
B．try to find answers to readers’ problems
C．ask readers to give their answers to problems
D．send questions to readers for their answers
57. “Money-Conscious” would like her parents to _____.
A． go to a lot of expense not to buy what she will need
B． give her and her husband the money instead of a church wedding
C． give her money over a period of years
D． spend the money on useful presents rather than on the wedding
58. “Lifeline” suggests a simple church wedding because ______.
A．this is the least expensive kind of wedding
B．you cannot be reasonable about something like a wedding
C．it can be inexpensive yet provide a lifetime’s memories
D．it is the simplest, yet happiest sort of wedding
59. “Deeply Worried” was worried that ______.
A． he might lose his girl-friend while they were on holiday together
B． his girlfriend was losing interest in him
C． he had known his girl-friend for too long
D． he would have to go away on holiday by himself
B
Which is safer --- staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working at the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.
The trouble
with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death
to those living nearby. It is this that chemical accidents so newsworthy.
Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at
Some of these
are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small.
No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was
Some experts
have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a
particular danger. Thus the
60. According to the passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at _________.
A.
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.
B. Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.
C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.
D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.
62. From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of _____.
A. natural gas, which can easily catch fire
B. fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantity
C. poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areas
D. fuel, which is stored in large tanks
63. From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that _____.
A. to avoid any accident we should not repair the facilities in chemical industry
B. the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the
chemical industry
C. all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measures
had been taken
D. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe
C
Although man has known about asbestos(石棉) for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for the opening of that first mine.
Mr, Jonhs was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in
ordinary
work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in
his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned
at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos
roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to
transport(carry)them from
Ever since 1881
Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads, but they have found thousands of uses for this fireproof material, of the called the “cloth of stone”.
64. The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _____.
A. Asbestos
mined in
C. A “Wonder” mineral D. A new roofing material
65. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by ______.
A. going into
the roofing business B.
carrying asbestos from
C. sending a trained scientist D. showing the use of asbestos gloves
66. Which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show
us?
A. It is like thread B. It feels soapy
C. It burns easily D. It is unusually heavy
67. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage was to______.
A. show the need for more scientists B. compare asbestos with other minerals
C. increase the sales of asbestos D. present facts about asbestos
D
Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word; radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when
only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治療) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
68. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.
A. nuclear mystery B. radiation detection
C. radiation level D. nuclear radiation
69. Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level ________.
A. when it kills few cells
B. if it damages few cells
C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves
D. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves
70. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _____.
A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately
B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later
C. affect the healthy growth of our younger generation
D. lead to all of the above results
71. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?
A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized
B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.
C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.
D. Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.
E
One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world．Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.
Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes.“If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment（蠶食）?”asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive （認知的） skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents―and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters （培養） leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child．The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world．A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.
Kids are not to blame. They are over-protected and frightened．It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite（儀式）of passage.
Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement （增強） love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.
72. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that __________.
A．kids missing the sense of wonder outdoors
B．parks are in danger of being gradually encroached
C．Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods
D．children are expected to develop into protectors of nature
73. According to the passage, children without experiencing nature will _________.
A．keep a high sense of wonder
B．be over-protected by their parents
C．be less healthy both physically and mentally
D．change wild places and creatures for the better
74. According to the author, children’s breaking an arm is ___________.
A．the fault on the part of their parents
B．the natural experience in their growing up
C．the result of their own carelessness in play
D．the effect of their repetitive stress from computers
75. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to ________.
A．blame children for getting lost in computer games
B．encourage children to protect parks from encroachment
C．show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature
D．inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around
第四部分 寫作（共三節，滿分35分）
鎮海中學 2008 學年第一學期期中考試高三年級英語試卷
答題卷
第一節 、單詞拼寫 （共10小題。每題0.5分，滿分5分）
1. After the big fire, the forest was completely d__________.
2. Some snakes are p __________to human beings.
3. I i_________ the jacket the moment I saw it. It was my brother's.
4. Sorry, the v___________ in the office has been filled.
5. It would be u _____________that such an honest fellow should have betrayed (背叛)his friends!
6. The unemployed engineer wrote a dozen a _____________for jobs but got nothing.
7. Children are usually c _________about everything around them.
8. The police have e _________that the killer was an old woman.
9. Two businessmen have been k__________ by terrorists demanding 1 million.
10. The wind was blowing f_______ and some trees were pulled up by the roots.
第二節、短文改錯 （共10小題。每題0.5分，滿分5分）
Dear editor,
I graduated this year and wanted to get job. 11.
I thought I would be success, but eventually I failed. 12.
That was why I was so lazy that I didn’t want to 13.
go out. I always blamed for the hot weather. And there’s 14.
another reason nobody know about: I regarded myself as 15.
someone who couldn’t do anything lonely. I often felt less 16.
capable than others. When I found a company was 17.
advertising, I was even afraid to call to ask for detail. 18.
I wanted to make a move, and I was always disappointed. 19.
What should I do? I’m looking forward to receive your reply. 20.
Yours
Walter
第三節 書面表達 （滿分25分）
學校網站新開設了一個“英語寫作”欄目（column），以便學生發表（post）英語作文，進行交流，提高寫作能力。現請你為該欄目寫一個英文介紹，內容包括： 1. 開設目的 2. 欄目優勢：教師在線（online）指導等
3. 作文要求：內容貼近學生生活 4. 優秀作文的鼓勵辦法
5. 邀請大家參與
注意： 1. 詞數100左右 2.開頭語已為你寫好（不計入總詞數）
Welcome to the column “English Writing”!
答案：
聽力
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.B
單項
DACCB DADCB DBDAD
完 型
ABACD BBBCD CBAAC ADCDA
閱讀理解
BDCB BDBC CDAD DBDA DCBC
單詞
destroyed poisonous identified vacancy unbelievable applications curious evidence kidnapped fiercely
短文改錯
11. get后加a 12. success →successful 13. why →because 14.去掉for 15. know →knew 16. lonely→alone 17. √ 18. detail→details
19. and →but 20. receive→receiving
書面表達
One possible version:
Welcome to the column “English Writing”! Recently the school website has set up a new column called “English Writing” which provides the students the chances to post their composition and communicate with each other. Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but they can strengthen their self-confidence.
The column has lots of advantages. It’s the teacher’s guide on line that has advantage over the other columns. If necessary, the students can have a direct “ask and answer” with professional teachers. It is required that the composition should be related to the students’ life. What’s more, if it is organized well enough, the writer will be rewarded for it.
Hoping to the students’ participation.
2008學年第一學期高三歷史期中考查試卷
安徽省2009屆高三化學各地名校月考試題匯編：
原子結構和化學用語
1．（懷遠二中2008-2009學年高三第四次月考）已知自然界氧的同位素有16O、17O、18O，氫的同位素有H、D，從水分子的原子組成來看，自然界的水分子一共有( C )
A．3種 B．6種 C．9種 D．12種
2．（懷遠二中2008-2009學年高三第四次月考）NaH是―種離子化合物，跟水反應的方程式為：NaH＋H2O=NaOH＋H2↑，也能跟液氨、乙醇等發生類似的反應，并都產生氫氣。下列有關NaH的敘述錯誤的是( B )
A．跟水反應時，水作氧化劑 B．NaH中H－半徑比Li＋半徑小
C．跟液氨反應時，有NaNH2生成 D．跟乙醇反應時，NaH被氧化
3. （懷遠二中2008-2009學年高三第四次月考）設阿伏加德羅常數為NA。則下列說法正確的是 （ B ）
A．常溫常壓下，
B．
C．2.24LCO2與足量的Na2O2反應，Na2O2轉移的電子總數一定為0.1NA
D．常溫下，
4．（安徽省包集中學2009屆高三11月月考）正確掌握化學用語和化學基本概念是學好化學的基礎,下列有關表述中正確的一組是( C )
A．過氧乙酸(CH3COOOH)與羥基乙酸(HOCH2COOH)所含官能團相同；兩者互為同分異構體
B．16O與18O互為同位素；H216O、D216O、H218O、D218O互為同素異形體
C．P4、CH4、NH4＋粒子的空間構型均為正四面體型；CO2、C2H2均為直線型分子
D．Ca2＋的結構示意圖為
，NH4Cl的電子式為
5、（安徽師大附中2008-2009學年度第一學期期中考試高三化學）NH4Cl是強酸弱堿鹽，它在水溶液里的水解過程可用下圖表示：
則下列有關NH4 Cl溶液里存在的微粒的敘述，不正確的是[ A ]
A.存在NH3?H2O，其結構式為
B.存在NH4+，其電子式為
C.存在H3O+，其結構式為
D.存在OH－，其電子式為
6、（安徽師大附中2008-2009學年度第一學期期中考試高三化學）金屬鈦對體液無毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱。下列有關
和
的說法中正確的是[ B ]
A.和原子中均含有22個中子
B.
和
核外均有4個電子層
C.分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質互稱為同分異構體
D.與為同一核素
7．（舒城中學2008/2009學年度第三次月考 ）最新研究表明生命可能起源于火山爆發，因為火山爆發產生的氣體中含有1%的羰基硫（COS），已知羰基硫分子中所有原子的最外層都滿足8電子結構，結合已學知識，判斷有關說法正確的是（ D ）
A．羰基硫屬于非極性分子 B．羰基硫的電子式為
C．羰基硫的沸點比CO2低 D．羰基硫分子中三個原子處于同一直線上
8．（安徽榮達學校08-09學年第五次質量檢測）判斷下列有關化學基本概念的依據正確的是（A ）
A 氧化還原反應：元素化合價是否變化 B 共價化合物：是否含有共價鍵
C 強弱電解質：溶液的導電能力大小 D 金屬晶體：晶體是否能夠導電
9.（安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級第三次月考）下列化學式既能表示物質的組成，又能表示物質分子式的是（ C ）
A.NH4NO3 B.SiO
10（安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級第三次月考）下列說法正確的是（ C ）
A.發生化學反應時失去電子越多的金屬原子，還原能力越強
B.金屬陽離子被還原后，一定得到該元素的單質
C.核外電子總數相同的原子，一定是同種元素的原子
D.能與酸反應的氧化物，一定是堿性氧化物
11（安徽省天城中學2008--2009學年度第二次月考）．14N60與
A．是同系物 B．是同素異形體 C．是同位素 D．以上敘述都不正確
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12．（安徽省蚌埠二中2009屆高三第一次質量檢測）理論預測以下物質的物理性質，用＞、=、＜填空：
（1）CS2的沸點___＞______ CO2的沸點。
（2）CsCl的熔點_____＜____KCl的熔點。
（3）金屬K的硬度__＜_______金屬Ca的硬度。
（4）金剛石的硬度______＞___晶體硅的硬度。
13．Y元素的最高正價與最低負價的絕對值之差是4；Y元素可與M元素形成離子化合物，并在水中電離出電子層結構相同的陰、陽離子，則該化合物是[ A ]
A．
B．
C．
D．
14．（安徽省潛山縣黃鋪中學2009屆高三化學調研）已知在
時：C H4(g)＋2O2(g)
CO2(g)＋2H2O(g)；△H＝-820kJ?mol-1，則下列說法中正確的是[ C ]
A．反應過程中的能量變化關系可用右圖表示
B．
的燃燒熱是820 kJ.mol-1
C．
（標準狀況下）完傘燃燒生成氣態水時放出410 kJ 熱量
D．該反應發生斷裂的化學鍵只有極性鍵
15．（安徽省潛山縣黃鋪中學2009屆高三化學調研）金屬鈦對體液無毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱。下列有關
和
的說法中正確的是[ B ]
A．和原子中均含有22個中子
B．和核外均有4個電子層
C．分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質互稱為同分異構體
D．與為同一核素
16．（安徽省靈璧中學09屆高三化學第2次月考試卷）（7分） A+、B+、C－、D、E五種微粒（分子或離子），每個微粒均含有10個電子。已知：①A+＋C－
D＋E↑ ②B+＋Ｃ－
2D
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請回答以下問題：
（1）C－離子含有的化學鍵為__________________
（2）具有相同空間構型的微粒是__________________和__________________
（3）分別寫出A+和D反應，B+和E反應的離子方程式。
A+＋D：__________________B+＋E：__________________
答案．（1）共價鍵 (2)NH3, H3O+, (3)
NH4+＋H2O ㄐNH3?H2O＋H+ .NH3＋H3O+ ＝
＋H2O
17、（安徽省渦陽縣08-09年10月高三聯考）1.2007年諾貝爾化學獎得主Gerhard Ertl對金屬Pt表面催化CO氧化反應的模型進行了深入研究。下列關于
Pt的說法正確的是[ B ]
A. Pt和
Pt的中子數相同，互稱為同位素
B. Pt和Pt的質子數相同，互稱為同位素
C. Pt和Pt的核外電子數相同，是同一種核素
D. Pt和Pt的質量數不同，不能互稱為同位素
18．下列物質中微粒的個數比不是1 : 1的是（ B ）
A．NaHCO3晶體中的陰離子和陽離子 B．Na2O2固體中的陰離子和陽離子
C．重氫（
H）原子中的質子和中子 D．NH3分子中的質子和電子
19．（巢湖市?煬中學2008/2009高三第二次月考）最新研究表明生命可能起源于火山爆發，因為火山爆發產生的氣體中含有1%的羰基硫（COS），已知羰基硫分子中所有原子的最外層都滿足8電子結構，結合已學知識，判斷有關說法正確的是（ D ）
A．羰基硫屬于非極性分子 B．羰基硫的電子式為
C．羰基硫的沸點比CO2低 D．羰基硫分子中三個原子處于同一直線上
20．（巢湖市?煬中學2008/2009高三第二次月考）用NA表示阿伏加德羅常數的值，下列敘述正確的是 （ C ）
A．含有NA個氦原子的氦氣在標準狀況下的體積約為
B．
C．0.1mol碳酸鈉溶于水所得溶液中所含陰離子數大于0.1 NA
D．1 mol Cl2發生完全反應后，轉移的電子數一定是2 NA
21. （安徽省六安市08-09年度高三年級第一次調研考）下列有關化學用語的說法中不正確的是[A ]
A．次氯酸的結構式為：H―Cl―O
B．－OH與 都表示羥基
 |
C．S2－的結構示意圖：S2－ D．苯分子的模型示意圖：
22. （安徽省六安市08-09年度高三年級第一次調研考）下列分子結構中，原子的最外層電子不能都滿足8電子穩定結構的是[ C]
A．CS2 B．PCl
23、（09屆蚌埠二中10月考）在下圖所表示的粒子中，氧化性最強的是[ B]：
A、
B、
C、 
D、 
24．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯考化學試卷）Y元素的最高正價與最低負價的絕對值之差是4；Y元素可與M元素形成離子化合物，并在水中電離出電子層結構相同的陰、陽離子，則該化合物是[ A ]
A． B． C． D．
25．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯考化學試卷）下列各項中指定的粒子數目約為6.02
的是[
C ]
A．1．
所含的電子數
B．常溫下1．
所含的共價鍵數
C．
溶液中所含的碳原子個數
D．標準狀況下
所含的分子數
26．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯考化學試卷）金屬鈦對體液無毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱。下列有關和的說法中正確的是[
B ]
A．和原子中均含有22個中子
B．和核外均有4個電子層
C．分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質互稱為同分異構體
D．與為同一核素
27．（安徽省白云中學09高三化學綜合訓練三）設NA表示阿伏加德羅常數的數值，下列說法正確的是[ C ]
A．由2H和18O所組成的水
B．標準狀況下，
C．在
D．常溫常壓下的
28．（安徽省白云中學09高三化學綜合訓練三）正確掌握好化學用語是學好化學的基礎，下列有關表述正確的是 （ D ）
A．次氯酸的電子式：
B．質量數為16的氧原子：
C．乙烯的結構簡式：
D．碳酸氫根離子的電離方程式： HCO3- + H2O 
H3O++ CO32-
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
安徽省2009屆高三化學各地名校月考試題匯編：
元素周期律和周期表
1．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第二次聯考試題）右圖為周期表中短周期的一部分，若X原子最外層電子數比次外層電子數少3，則下列 說法正確的是（C ）
A．X的氫化物比R的氫化物穩定
B．原子半徑大小順序是Z>Y>X>R
C．Z的單質能與Y的某些化合物發生置換反應
D．X、Z可形成化合物XZ5，分子中各原子均滿足最外層8電子結構
解析． X原子最外層電子數比次外層電子數少3，推知X為P，則R、Y、Z依次為O、S、C1。
2．（安徽榮達學校08-09學年第五次質量檢測） 短周期元素W、X、Y、Z，W元素的一種原子無中子，X與Z同主族、與Y同周期，Y是地殼中含量最豐富的元素，Z元素原子的最外層電子數是內層電子數的0.4倍，則下列有關敘述正確的是 （ C ）
A．XY2與ZY2的化學鍵類型和晶體類型相同
B．ZY2為酸性氧化物，可以與強堿反應，但不能與任何酸反應
C．XW4與XY2均為只含極性鍵的非極性分子
D．常溫下Z的單質很穩定，既不與酸反應，也不與強堿反應
3．（安徽榮達學校08-09學年第五次質量檢測）下列有關表述正確的是 （ C ）
A． 位于短周期的X元素的陽離子與Y元素的陰離子具有相同的電子層結構，則兩元素的最高正化合價一定是X<Y
B． 分子晶體的熔沸點都很低，所以常溫下都呈液態或氣態
C． 熱穩定性：AsH3<PH3<H2O<HF
D． 最外層電子數較少的金屬元素，一定比最外層電子數較多的金屬元素活潑性強
4. （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級第三次月考）下列各組物質性質比較中，正確的是（ C ）
A.氫化物沸點：HI＞HBr＞HCl＞HF B.離子半徑：K+＞Cl-＞S2-
C.分子穩定性：HF＞HCl＞HBr＞HI D.單質熔點：Li＜Na＜K＜Rb
5. （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級第三次月考）短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序數依次增大，W與Y、X與Z位于同一主族，W與X可形成共價化合物WX2，Y原子的內層電子總數是其最外層電子數的2.5倍。下列敘述中不正確的是（ D ）
A. WX2分子中所有原子最外層都為8電子結構
B. WX2、ZX2中的化學鍵類型和晶體類型都相同
C. WX2是以極性鍵結合成的非極性分子
D.原子半徑大小順序為：X＜W＜Y＜Z
6 （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級第三次月考）M元素的一個原子失去兩個電子轉移到R元素的兩個原子中去，形成離子化合物。下列四種化合物都符合條件，但從結構上看，有一種物質與其它三種明顯不同，該物質是（ D ）
A.FeS2 B.CaC
7. （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級第三次月考）下列關于金屬的敘述中正確的是（ B ）
A.所有的金屬常溫下都是固態
B.金屬具有導電性、導熱性和延展性
C.活潑的金屬或較活潑的金屬能與酸反應，但不能與堿反應
D.金屬元素在自然界中都是以化合態存在的
8．（安徽省天城中學2008--2009學年度第二次月考）（18分）（1）有A、B、C、D、E五種微粒，它們都含有10個電子。通常狀況下，微粒A和B為分子，C和E為陽離子，D為陰離子；B溶于A后所得的物質可電離出C和D；A、B、E三種微粒反應后可得C和一種白色沉淀。請回答：
①用化學符號填空：
B的結構式 ，C的電子式 。
②寫出A、B、E三種微粒反應的離子方程式：
。
（2）甲、乙、丙、丁為前三周期元素形成的微粒，它們的電子總數相等。已知甲、乙、丙為雙原子分子或負二價雙原子陰離子，丁為原子。
①丙和鈣離子組成的離子化合物跟水反應產生一種可燃性氣體，該反應的化學方程式為： 。
②乙在高溫時是一種還原劑，請用化學方程式表示它在工業上的一種重要用途： 。
③在一定條件下，甲與O2反應的化學方程式是 。
④丁的元素符號是 ，它的原子結構示意圖為 。
⑤單質丁的晶體熔點比金剛石的熔點 （填“高”或“低”）。
答案
9．（安徽省天城中學2008--2009學年度第二次月考）下面元素周期表中全部是金屬元素的區域為（ D ）
A．只有s區
B．只有d區
C．s區、d區和ds區
D．d區和ds區
10．（安徽省天城中學2008--2009學年度第二次月考）下列說法正確的是 （ C ）
A．SiH4比CH4穩定
B．O2?半徑比F?的小
C．Na和Cs屬于第ⅠA族元素，Cs失電子能力比Na的強
D．P和As屬于第ⅤA族元素，H3PO4酸性比H3AsO4的弱
11．（安徽省天城中學2008--2009學年度第二次月考）下表為短周期的一部分，推斷關于Y、Z、M的說法正確的是 （D ）
A．非金屬性：Y >Z>M
B．原子半徑：M>Z>Y
C．氣態氫化物的穩定性：Y<M<Z
D．ZM2分子中各原子的最外層均滿足8e-穩定結構
12．（2009屆安慶一中化學高三12月考）有A、B、C、D 4種短周期元素。A、B、C為同一周期相鄰的3種元素，A和C 的原子序數之比為3：4；A、B、C分別與D形成的化合物的電子總數相等。試回答：
（1）由四種元素中的兩種組成的X、Y、Z三種物質，已知X分子的空間構型為三角錐形，該分子的電子式為__________，Y分子的空間構型為直線型，該分子的化學式為_____________________。Z分子為天然高分子化合物（限中學教材范圍內），其結構簡式為_____________________。
（2）由四種元素中的三種組成的甲、乙兩種化合物，甲物質屬鹽類，其溶液呈酸性，甲物質的化學式為__________，其水溶液呈酸性的原因是_____ _____________；乙物質為常見的天然高分子化合物，其化學式為__________________________________________。
（3）E和F為兩種共價化合物，它們均含上述四種元素，且互為同分異構體；它們一個分子中均含有2個A原子。E可發生縮聚反應，F分子中含有40個電子，則F的結構簡式為__________ _____，E發生縮聚反應的方程式_________ ___。
答案．（1）
； C2H2（CO2）(其它合理答案均可給分)；
（2分）（2）NH4NO3； NH4++H2O
NH3●H2O+H+(2分)；（C6H10O5）n；
（3）CH3CH2NO2；
13．(安徽省泗縣2008-2009學年度第一次質量檢測)（11分）有X、Y、Z三種元素，它們的單質在常溫常壓下皆為氣體。
①X單質可在Z單質中燃燒，火焰為蒼白色；
②X2Y在常溫常壓下為液體；
③Z單質溶于化合物X2Y所得溶液具有漂白性。
試回答下列問題：
（1）Z的原子結構示意圖： ；
（2）化合物X2Y2的電子式： ；
（3）化合物XZ在固態時的晶體類型是 ；
（4）化合物X2Y的分子空間構型為： ，其中Y原子的雜化方式為： （選填“sp1、sp2、sp3等”）；由于X2Y分子間能形成 ，使其具有相對較高的熔沸點；寫出X2Y在反應中作還原劑的有關反應的化學方程式 。
（5）SO2也有漂白性，將少量SO2氣體通入③所得溶液中，會使該溶液的漂白性 （填“增強、減弱或無影響”），寫出其反應的離子方程式 。
答案.【每個方程式2分，其余每空1分，本題共11分】
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（1） （2）
（3）分子晶體；
（4）V形（或折線形）；sp3；氫鍵；
（5）減弱，SO2+Cl2+2H2O = 4H++SO42―+2Cl―；
14．（7分）有①～⑧八種短周期元素，其原子序數依次增大，其中②、⑦、⑧三種元素在刷期表中的相對位置如下，且元素②所處主族的位置為所有主族的正中間。
②
⑦
⑧
（1）元素②在周期表中的位置為 ；②、⑦、⑧三種元素最高價氧化物劉應水化物的酸性由強到弱的順序是 （用化學式表示）。
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答案．（1）第二周期ⅣA族（1分）；
（2分）
（2）
（各2分）
15．（安徽泗縣一中2008-2009學年度第一學期高三第三次月考）下列各組物質的晶體中，化學鍵類型和晶體類型完全相同的是w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A．CO2和SiO2 B．SiCl4和CCl
安徽省2009屆高三化學各地名校月考試題匯編：
有機推斷
1．（黃山市田家炳實驗中學2008年高三第三次月考）(12分) 已知溴水中存在化學平衡：
Br2＋H2O
HBr＋HBrO，乙烯通入溴水中，生成A、B（B的分子式為C2H5BrO）和C2H5Br。
回答下列問題：
⑴E的分子式為______________。G中含氧官能團的名稱是______________。
⑵B的結構簡式為_____________________，I的結構簡式為_______________________。
⑶A～I中，能發生銀鏡反應的物質的結構簡式是_________________________________，。
⑷寫出由G轉化為H的化學方程式：__________________________________________，
⑸指出以下轉化的反應類型為的：乙烯→A_______、 G→H_________________。
答案．(12分)⑴ C8H16O4 羥基、羧基 (1+1)分
⑵B CH2BrCH2OH 
⑶ Br-CH2-CHO (2+2+2)分
⑷ n HOCH2COOH→H-[-OCH2CO-]n-OH +(n-1)H2O (2分)
⑸ 加成反應 、縮聚反應。(2分)
2、（2009屆安慶一中化學高三12月考）為測定某有機化合物A的結構，進行如下實驗。
【分子式的確定】（1）將有機物A置于氧氣流中充分燃燒，實驗測得：生成5.4gH2O和8.8gCO2，消耗氧氣
（2）質譜儀測定有機化合物的相對分子質量為46，則該物質的分子式是 ；
（3）根據價鍵理論，預測A的可能結構并寫出結構簡式 。
【結構式的確定】 （4）核磁共振氫原子光譜能對有機物分子中不同位置的氫原子給出不同的峰值（信號），根據峰值（信號）可以確定分子中氫原子的種類和數目。例如：甲基氯甲基醚（Cl―CH2―O―CH3）有兩種氫原子（圖1）。經測定，有機物A的核磁共振氫譜示意圖如圖2，則A的結構簡式為
。
【性質實驗】
（5）A在一定條件下脫水可生成B，B可合成包裝塑料C，請寫出B轉化為C的化學反應方程式： 。
（6）體育比賽中當運動員肌肉扭傷時，隊醫隨即用氯乙烷（沸點為
（7）A可通過糧食在一定條件下制得，由糧食制得的A在一定溫度下密閉儲存，因為發生一系列的化學變化而變得更醇香。請寫出最后一步反應的化學方程式： 。
答案（1）n(C): n(H): n(O)= 2:6:1 （2）C2H6O （3）CH3CH2OH CH3?O-CH3
（4）CH3CH2OH
（5）nCH2=CH2 [CH2-CH2 ] n
（6）nCH2=CH2 + HCl
CH3CH2 Cl
（7）
3．（岳西中學2009屆高三復習班化學第二次質量檢測）某單質X能從鹽的溶液中置換出單質Y,下列說法正確的是[ A ]
A．當X、Y都是金屬時,X一定比Y活潑
B．當X、Y都是非金屬時，Y一定比X活潑
C．當X是金屬時，Y只能是金屬。
D．當X是非金屬時，Y可能是金屬，也可能是非金屬
4．（巢湖市?煬中學2008/2009高三第二次月考）Ⅰ．相對分子質量不超過100的有機物N，既能與金屬鈉反應產生無色氣體，又能與碳酸鈉反應產生無色氣體，還可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。 N完全燃燒只生成CO2和H2O。經分析其含氧元素的質量分數為37.21%。經核磁共振檢測發現N的氫譜如下：
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（1）N的結構簡式為：___________________________________。
Ⅱ
．塑料是常用的合成高分子材料，常用塑料F、G均可由某烴經下列反應得到：
（2）寫出反應①的化學方程式：
_________ _________________________；
（3）寫出反應②的化學方程式：
_________ _________________________；
（4）寫出反應③的化學方程式：
_________ _________________________；
答案.．（1）CH2＝C(CH3)COOH (3分)
（2）
+2NaOH
+2NaBr (3分)
（3）n 
(3分)
（4）n CH3－CHOH－COOH
H
OH + （n－1）H2O
(3分)
5、（安師大附中2009屆年高三第一次模擬考試化學）（15分） 已知
。有機物G（C20H18O4）是一種酯，合成路線如下：
試回答下題問題：
（1）指出反應類型：反應① ，反應② 。
（2）A的結構簡式是 ；F的結構簡式是 。
（3）B轉化為C的化學方程式是（有機物用結構簡式表示）
（4）寫出有機物C的所有同時含碳碳雙鍵、苯環和羧基的同分異構體（不包括有機物C本身）：
、 、 、 。
答案（1）加成；消去
（2）
（3）
+2Cu(OH)2 CH = CH－COOH + Cu2O↓+2H2O
6．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯考化學試卷）（10分）（化學――有機化學基礎）
有機物A～G有如下轉化關系（無機產物已略去）．其中A、B、C、G分子中均含有苯環，1 mol
A發生反應生成l mol B和
，回答下列問題：
（1）實驗室由
制取D的化學方程式為
。
（2）C的核磁共振氯譜圖如下圖所示，則C的結構簡式為 。有相同官能團種類和數目的同分異構體有 種（除C外）。
（3）A的結構簡式為 。
（4）由C 與 F生成G的化學方程式為 。
答案（1）
（2）
；2
（3）
（4）
（每空2分）
7．（安徽省白云中學09高三化學綜合訓練三）(10分)某化合物A在一定條件下能發生如下圖所示的轉變：
其中只有B1既能使溴水褪色，又能與Na2CO3 溶液反應放出CO2 ，回答下列問題：
（1）指出反應類型：X 反應，Y 反應。
（2）物質A的結構簡式為 。
（3）寫出C
C2的化學方程式
。
（4）與F互為同分異構體且核磁共振氫譜只有一種峰的有機物的結構簡式有 。
（5）與C2具有相同官能團的同分異構體（不包括C2，同個碳原子上不能有多個羥基）共有 種。
答案．(10分)(1) 取代(或水解) 消去(每空1分)
(2)
多巴胺結構如右圖：
（2分） 
Ⅲ、（兩方程式各3分）
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m