2009年英語備考素材：高考知識點匯集
非謂語動詞
分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。
它分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。
現在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在于現在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞則只有一般式。
現在分詞表動作正在進行，表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經完成，表被動。
過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經完成，表主動。
分詞使用中的幾個問題
1、現在分詞的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out.
2、現在分詞的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、現在分詞與過去分詞的不同
現在分詞表示主動、正在，過去分詞表示被動、完成
I found the man killed there.
I found the man standing there.
4、have結構
We have the car repaired.
We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car.
We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分詞作表語
We were excited at the news.
The football game is exciting.
6、獨立主格結構
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II． 例題
例1、Time_______， I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permits B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting
解析：該題答案為D。 Time permitting…是獨立主格結構，意為"如果時間允許的話…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
解析：該題答案為C。主語she是被問。
情態動詞與助動詞
I． 要點
助動詞本身無意義，在句中幫助主要動詞構成一定的時態，語態、語氣，或是幫助構成否定句和疑問句，常用的助動詞有
be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).
情態動詞表一定的詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態，而僅僅表達說話人的態度，它在句中須和主要動詞一起構成謂語，
主要的情態動詞有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.
1.可以，表說話人同意，許可還可表客觀條件許可，
如:You can go now.
提建議或請求時可用can I, can you表客氣，
如Can I buy you a drink?
an和be able to表能力時的區別。
n表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定條件下的能力，
如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.
2、may
（1）可以，表說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。You may go.
（2）（現在和將來）可能，也許，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.
3、must, have to
must表主觀上的必須，have to表客觀上的必須，
如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. Yes, you must.
(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)
4、need, dare這二詞有實意動詞和情態動詞兩種詞性，如用作實意動詞后接動詞不定式to do，
如用作情態動詞后接動詞原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)
5、shall用于第一人稱疑問句中表說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求，
如，Shall we begin our lesson?
用于二、三人稱陳述句，表說話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻，
如: You shall fail if you don't work harder.
6、should表應該，意為有責任，有義務。
如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，
如 "Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."，
8、should have done表應該做而未做
must have done表對過去事實的肯定推測
could have done表本可以做某事
9、判斷句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, might
He must be in the office now.
He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
He can't be in the office. He is at home.
He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.
He might be in the office, I am not sure.
He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.
句子種類
I． 要點
句子按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；按結構又分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。
1、陳述句的否定
（1） 在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中，當主句的謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主語是第一人稱時，賓語從句謂語的否定習慣上要移到主句謂語上，如: I don't think he is right.
（2） 含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應視為否定句，
如: I have never been there before.
2、反意疑問句
（1） need和dare 既可作情態動詞，又可作實意動詞，在反問部分須加以區別，
如We needn't leave, need we?
We don't need to leave, do we?
（2） 陳述部分出現否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時，反問部分須用肯定形式如： He seldom comes, does he?
（3） 陳述部分用不定代詞作主語時，反問部分的主語用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?
陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語時，反問部分常用it，有時也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
（4） 陳述部分包括used to 時，反問部分可有兩種形式，
如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
（5） 陳述部分是"there + be"結構時，反問部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
（6） 陳述部分是含有賓語從句的主從復合句時，反問部分的主語和謂語應和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
但，如果是I think , I believe等 +賓語從句時，反問部分須和從句的動詞保持一致，
如，I don't think he is right, is he?
I don't believe he does that, does he?
3、感嘆句
用what或how,
What a beautiful park it is!
How beautiful a park it is!
How beautiful the park is!
How we worked!
4、祈使句
Take care!
Don't stand there.
Please open the door for the old lady.
II．例題
例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?
A. will you B. do you C. won't you D. shall you
解析：該題答案為A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?
例2，Let's go out for a walk, _______ ?
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do we
解析：該題答案為C，let's…后加上shall we來表語氣婉轉、客氣，而在let us后加上will you。
例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ?
A. doesn't he B. does he C. do they D. has he
解析：該題答案為B，hardly否定副詞，反問部分要用肯定形式。
各種從句
I．要點
根據從句在句中的句法功能，從句可分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。
1、 名詞性從句
（1） 主語從句
What he wants is a piece of paper.
It is believed that he can solve the problem.
注：主語從句的謂語動詞用單數。
（2）賓語從句
I don't know how to solve the problem.
Do you know where he lives?
（3）表語從句
The problem is who can help me.
This is why I came here.
（4）同位語從句
I have no idea where he went.
I heard the news that he would come.
同位語從句用that引導，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等詞后，that在從句中不作任何成分。
2、定語從句
在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，或修飾整個主句的從句叫做定語從句，引導定語從句的關系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關系副詞when, where, why。
（1）that指物時一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時，如，
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，如，
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時，如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情況
在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作關系副詞
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
3、狀語從句
在復合句中起狀語作用的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結果狀語、條件狀語、行為方式狀語、比較狀語、讓步狀語等多種。
II． 例題
例1、 _______ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when
解析：該題答案為B。whether可以和or連用，if不可以，此外if一般僅用于賓語從句。
例2、The way _______ these comrades look at problems is wrong.
A. where B. in that C.X D. with which
解析：該題答案為C，先行詞是way，定語從句中用that或 in which來引導或不填。
例3， ____a long time since I saw you last time.
A．It was B. It is C. It had been D. It can be
解析：該題答案為B，It is +時間數+ since引導的從句是一個句型，意為"從…時候以來過了多久了。"
主謂一致
I． 要點
謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。 1、語法上一致
（1）以單數名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數，主語為復數時，謂語用復數，如， To work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）用and或both……and連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用復數，
如， Both he and I are right.
但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數，
如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
（3）主語是單數時，盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with,
together with, like等，謂語動詞仍用單數，
如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.
（4）某些不定代詞，如做主語，謂語動詞要用單數，如:Everyone has a book.
（5）一些只有復數形式的名詞，如people, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數，
如，A lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意義上一致
（1）、表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數，
如，Twenty years is not a long time.
（2）、表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數，如，
People are talking about the accident.
（3）、有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數，如指其中每個成員，則用復數，如，
My family is a big one.
My family are watching TV.
3、鄰近一致
用連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數，一個是復數，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致，如，
Either you or I am mad.
II．例題
例1、 The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built
解析：該題答案為A。works形式上是復數，意思上是單數，因此謂語動詞用單數，類似的還有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.
A. have B. has C. having D. gets
解析：該題答案為A。They each不等于each of …, each of 這個詞組作主語謂語用單數如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主語，謂語要隨each前面的詞來變化。
倒裝
I．要點
按"主語+謂語"這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序，如果變為"謂語（或謂語的一部分）+主語"，就是倒裝語序。
1、全部倒裝
（1）there be 句型
There is going to be a meeting.
There is a book on the table.
（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副詞置于句首時，主謂倒裝，但如果主語是人稱代詞時，主語和謂語語序不倒裝，如，
Here comes the bus.
Here he comes.
（3）直接引語的部分或全部位于句首時，有時也用倒裝，
如，"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.
（4）為保持句子平衡，強調表語或狀語，使上下文緊密銜接時須完全倒裝，
如，In front of the house sat a small boy.
2、部分倒裝
（1）so, neither, nor置于句首說明與前者情況一致時，如，
I like swimming, so does my brother.
（2）only +狀語放在句首，如，
Only through this method can we win.
Only in this way can we do the work well.
（3）含有否定意義的詞置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，
如，Never had I heard that. Little did I know about this.
（4）以often, so +形容詞或副詞開頭的句子，如，
So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.
（5）用于省略if的虛擬條件句中，將had, were, should提前，如，
Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
Had he come, we would have won.
（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，
May you be happy for ever.
II．例題
例1、Not only ____ this machine but ____ it.
A. can he run……can he repair B. can he run……he can repair
C. he can run……he can repair D. he can run……can he repair
解析：該題答案為B，在not only……but (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒裝，but后面仍是正常語序。
例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.
A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond is
C. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the diamond
解析：該題答案為B，在讓步狀語從句中，從屬連詞as可以表示though，但要用倒裝語序。
例3、Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there.
A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope
解析：該題答案為A，
省略
I．要點
有時為了避免重復，使語言簡練緊湊，在不損害結構或引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語。
１、 固定習慣用詞。如：
No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
2. 簡單句中的省略
2009年高考英語分類閱讀理解預測試題
Reading for
一、人物類
(1)
In October 1961 at Crowley Field in Cincinnati Ohio an old deaf gentleman named William E. Hoy stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired(退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier in 1903. However he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was born in Houckstown
Hoy began playing professional baseball
in 1886 for
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years people talked about Hoy’s
last ball game in 1903. He was playing for
After he retired Hoy stayed busy. He ran
a dairy farm near
1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy’s life?
a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker.
b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.
e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d e a c b B. e a c b d C. d a e c b D. e a b c d
2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.
A. became famous B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition
3. This passage is mainly about _______.
A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball
B. baseball game rules and important players
C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people
D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
4. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.
C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy’s family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
【答案解析】本文介紹了美國20世紀初最杰出的棒球選手Hoy不平凡的一生。
1. B。細節題。此題要求對事件發生的先后順序進行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一個發生的事件 (e. Hoy became deaf.)，再找到最后一個發生的事件 (d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.)，故可排除A、C。再進行比較可知B最佳。
2. D。推斷題。根據Until a few years before his death he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week.，可見在他生命的最后歲月里，他的身體狀況很好。
3. A。主旨題。縱觀全文可知。
4. A。推斷題。根據he stole 82 bases…the Senators’ leading hitter…threw out three batters…managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. 等細節，可以判斷Hoy是他那個時代最杰出的棒球選手。
(2)
The Man of Many Secrets ― Harry Houdini ―
was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He
was a man famous for his escapes ― from prison cells, from wooden boxes
floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters
all over Europe and
Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.
Houdini started working in the
entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed
card tricks in club in
It was the publicity(宣傳) that came from this that started Harry Houdini’s success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape ankle chins. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck ― and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, pass quickly from her mouth to his.
Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local prison of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World-wild fame, and a name remembered today.
1. According to the passage, Houdini’s success in prison escapes depends on _______.
A. his special tricks and supernatural powers
B. his unusual ability and a skeleton key
C. his magic tricks and unhuman powers
D. his wisdom and magic tricks
2. In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “this” refers to _______.
A. his first prison escape B. the year 1898
C. the publicity D. Harry Houdini’s success
3. It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous _______.
A. in 1894 B. before he married
C. at the age of 17 D. when he was about 24
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Skeleton Key B. A Man of Many Secrets
C. World-wild Fame D. Great Escape
(1―4 BADD)
【答案與解析】本文介紹了Harry Houdini特技成功的經歷和方法。
1. B。細節題。根據第4段第2句：Harry把手、腳都訓練得很靈活來擺脫手鏈腳銬及第4句后半部分：妻子通過接吻傳給他萬能鑰匙，可推知此題答案為B。
2. A。單詞理解題。根據語境，this指上文所表演的事情：第一次越獄成功。由此可推知此題答案為A。
3. D。推斷題。第3段第1句：他步入娛樂圈時是1891年，17歲；倒數第2句：第一次成功是1898年，時隔七年，應是24歲，可推知此題答案為D
4. D。主旨題。由文章第1段第2句：He was a man famous for his escapes ― from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water，可知Harry 因逃脫出名，后面列舉的例子談的是他從監獄成功地逃出，所以答案為D。
(3)
On
News of this election appeared on the
front pages of newspapers everywhere in the
LOS ANGELES ELECTS BRADLEY MAYOR UNSEATING YORTYBLACK WINS 56% OF VOTES
Bradley called his victory over Yorty “the fulfillment (實現) of a dream”. During his childhood and youth, people had kept telling him, “You can’t do this, you can’t go there, because you are a Negro.” Nevertheless he had won a decisive victory over a man who had been won 43.7 percent.
At the time of the
In Los Angeles thousands of white
citizens voted for Thomas Bradley because they believed he would be a better
mayor than the white candidate(候選人). Bradley had spent
forty-eight of his fifty-five years in
1. In the author’s opinion, it was surprising that _______.
A. the whites would vote for a black mayor
B. a black mayor would be elected in such a large city
C. a black from a poor farmer’s family
could be elected mayor of
D. there would be so many black mayors
2. From the passage we can infer that people ________.
A. voted for Bradley because of his black color
B. didn’t care much about his color when they voted
C. voted for him to give a chance to fulfill his dream
D. voted for Bradley because they trust him
3. Bradley hit the front page headline for _______.
A. he was the first black mayor in history
B. he was the first black mayor in the
south of
C. he was the first black mayor of one of
the largest cities in
D. a poor farmer’s son could also win an important election
4. From Bradley’s victory in the election we can see that ________.
A. blacks had equal rights as whites in
the
B. black people’s situation began to be improving much more than before
C. one can be successful through hard
work in the
D. it is certain that someday the
(1―4 ADCB)
【答案與解析】本文報道了黑人在洛杉磯這樣白人占絕大多數的大城市里被當選為市長這一新聞。
1. A。推斷題。根據文章第1段最后一句：洛杉磯黑人的比例為16%以及倒數第2段所描述其他幾個城市的黑人的比例(分別是36 %、55 %、60 %)可推此題答案為A。
2. D。細節題。根據文章最后一段第1句…because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate可推知此題的答案為D。
3. C。細節題。根據倒數第2段第1句…three other American cities already had black mayors, but none of those cities had as large a population as Los Angeles可推知此題的答案為C。
4. B。推斷題。運用排除法：選項A顯然與原文內容不符；選項C和D文章沒提及，況且此兩項過于忽略美國的種族矛盾，不宜選；只有選項B原文內容較相符。
(4)
Jeanne Calment, a French woman, became a record breaker on 17 October of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days, she became the longest-lived human being on record. A Japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days.
Jeanne Calment lives in a small old
people’s home in the south of
So what is the key to a long life? According to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. Jeanne Calment has followed two of the tips(竅門). She has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. However, until recently she drank two glassed of strong red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). Besides, Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes(基因) from her parents. Her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.
A local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. It must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. Every year on her birthday Jeanne Calment sends him a card saying:
Sorry, I’m still alive!
1. How does Jeanne Calment feel about her old age?
A. She is miserable and unhappy.
B. She is cheerful and humorous.
C. She would like to live much longer.
D. She feels she is going to die very soon.
2. Jeanne Calment owes her good health and long life to _______.
A. smoking only a little every day
B. her giving up smoking and drinking
C. drinking two glasses of strong red wine every day
D. the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercises
3. Which of the following could best replace the word “move” in the fourth paragraph?
A. deal B. trick C. march D. sport
4. Why does Jeanne Calment say “Sorry, I’m still alive” to the local lawyer every year on her birthday?
A. Because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage.
B. Because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed.
C. Because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house.
D. Because the house she sold to the lawyer isn’t worth the money he has already paid.
(1―4 BDAC)
【答案與解析】本文介紹了世界上壽命最長的法
1. B。細節題。根據文章內容及第2段第3句 She still has a lively sense of humor 可推知此題答案為 B。
2. D。細節題。根據文章第 3 段第4句 She has always eaten a healthy diet… 及倒數第 2 句 Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes (基因) from her parents 可推知此題答案為 D。
3. A。詞義猜測題。根據此單詞所在句子的前面部分 A local lawyer bought her house… under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death 可推知此題答案為 A。
4. C。推斷題。文章倒數第 2 段第 1 句說 …so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house，而老太太本人也感到不好意思，據此可推知答案為 C。
(4)
Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-year-old Swede is anything but ordinary, from the computer in his parents’ home he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals(網絡犯罪分子).
Jonathan first
made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker
of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March
1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7, finding out the suspected(嫌疑的) sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus. The suspect was caught
in
Jonathan’s special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the “virtual” crimewave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing his younger brother’s football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on e-security(電子安全) to large companies. He reads a lot and exchanges information with other computer experts to know much about the latest tricks of the hacker (黑客) trade.
Many companies
have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the moment.
Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at
Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid”. “Jonathan is a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer,” his little sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because “he likes to help”, not because he’s looking for fame and recognition.
When the world was hit by the “Love Bug” virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech on e-security to look into the problem. “Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began looking.” Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the FBI. He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly.
“This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at.”
1. The passage mainly wants to tell us that______.
A. Swedish kid helps FBI find out the most wanted cyber criminals
B. Jonathan is really a quiet, gentle and ordinary boy
C. many companies want the young computer expert to join in
D. any cyber criminals will surely be found out wherever they are
2. The public started to know something about Jonathan just from____.
A. his helping the US FBI to find out the sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus
B. his work together with Fredrik Bjoerck to find out the maker of the “Melissa” virus
C. his little sister’s talk about his good qualities as a regular kid and a good programmer
D. his speech on e-security to many computer companies after his fight against hackers
3. From Jonathan’s success in finding out the sender of the dangerous ‘Love Bug” virus we can infer that ___.
A. where there’s a will, there’s a way B. experience is knowledge
C. hard work leads to success D. failure is the mother of success
4. What do we know about Jonathan?
A. He is a good fame hunter with various abilities.
B. He is such a brave fighter that any criminal will feel afraid.
C. He is an expert on security, not interested in running a company.
D. He is a regular kid but does something unusual.
【答案與解析】本文主要講述了19個瑞典男孩 Jonathan 憑借自己出色的電腦技術幫助美國聯邦調查局尋找網絡犯罪分子。
1. A。主旨題。根據 …he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals 可確定答案。
2. B。細節題。根據 Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999 可推測出答案。
3. B。推斷題。根據 He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly 可以看出，以前積累的經驗對他以后的工作大有幫助，故 B 最佳。
4. D。細節題。根據 Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid” 可以看出來，Jonathan 是一個正常的孩子，但他卻做出了一些不尋常的事情。
二、故事類
(1)
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route―through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a
ditch(溝渠) at Romney Marsin,
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦傷), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
1. What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman
B. Car Boot Can Serve As The
C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
2. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer. B. The coin.
C. The screw. D. The horn.
3. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C. Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.
4. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______.
A. Luckily the door was torn away in the end
B. At last the wrench went broken
C. The lock came open after all his efforts
D. The chance was lost at the last minute
5. It may be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road
B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【答案與解析】本文記述了Mr. Johnson由于車禍被困于水下車內半個小時，最后死里逃生的故事。
1. C。主旨題。根據第1段 Mr. Peter Johnson…escape from his trapped car…through the boot 可歸納出文章的標題為答案C。
2. B。細節題。根據第4段 Mr. Johnson 所說的話及他后面所做的事情可推知此題答案為B。
3. C。細節題。根據第2段第一句…skidding on ice and hitting a bank 可推知答案為C。
4. C。詞句理解題。根據其上文 …work on the boot lock 及下文 but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in 可推知此題答案為C。
5. A。推斷題。根據第4段最后一句 but no help came 及最后一段的第一句 Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby 可推知地點是在寂靜的農村，此題答案為A。
(2)
The most frightening words in the English
language are, “Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on
business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to
“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”
“I can’t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.”
I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do all you people do?”
“We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”
“So when it goes down, you go down with it.”
“That’s good, sir.”
“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.
“I have no idea. Sometimes it’s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There’s no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it’s down it won’t answer us.”
After the girl told me they had no backup(備用) computer, I said. “Let’s forget the computer. What about your planes? They’re still flying, aren’t they?”
“I couldn’t tell without asking the computer.”
“Maybe I could just go to the gate and
ask the pilot if he’s flying to
“I wouldn’t know what gate to send you
to. Even if the pilot was going to
“Is there any other airline flying to
“I wouldn’t know, ” she said, pointing at the dark screen. “Only ‘IT’ knows. ‘It’ can’t tell me.”
By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.
1. The best title for the article is _______.
A. When the Computer Is Down B. The Most Frightening Words
C. The Computer of the Airport D. Asking the Computer
2. What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking the computer?
A. She could sell a ticket.
B. She could write out a ticket.
C. She could answer the passengers’ questions.
D. She could do nothing.
3. Why do you think they had not a backup computer?
A. Because it was easy down.
B. Because it was very expensive.
C. Because it was not advanced enough.
D. Because it was not as big as the main computer.
4. The last paragraph suggests that _______.
A. a modern computer won’t be down.
B. computers can take the place of humans
C. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people
D. there will be great changes in computers
(1―4 ADBC)
【答案與解析】本文記述了作者在機場遭遇電腦系統死機所帶來的后果及人們對此的反應。
1.A。主旨題。根據文章第1句中的Our computer is down及后面的文章內容，可推知此題答案為A。
2.D。細節題。根據文章中的對話：售票員不能賣機票，回答不出旅客提出的問題等等，可推知此題答案為D。
3.B。主觀題。根據各選項的比較及生活經驗對之進行判斷，得出此題的答案為B。
4.C。推斷題。根據文章最后一段的描述：電腦死機，旅客們感到恐懼、憂郁、不安，從而可推知此題答案為C。
(3)
We spent a day in the country, picking wild flowers. With the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back my wife noticed a cupboard (柜廚) outside a furniture shop. It was tall and narrow. “Buy it, ” my wife said at once. “We’ll carry it home on the roof rack. I’ve always wanted one like that.”
What could I do? Ten minutes later I was ￡20 poorer; and the cupboard was tied on the roof rack. It was six feet long and eighteen inches square, quite heavy too.
In the gathering darkness I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed unusually polite that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said, “There’s a long line of cars behind. Why don’t they overtake, I wonder?” In fact a police car did overtake. The two officers inside looked at us seriously as they passed. But then, with great kindness, they led us through the rush-hour traffic. The police car stopped at our village church. One of the officers came to me.
“Right, sir, ” he said. “Do you need any more help?”
I was a bit puzzled. “Thanks, officer, ” I said. “You have been very kind. I live just on the road.”
He was staring at our car, first at the flowers, then at the cupboard. “Well, well, ” he said, laughing. “It’s a cupboard you’ve got there! We thought it was something else.”
My wife began to laugh. The truth hit me like a stone between the eyes. I smiled at the officer. “Yes, it’s a cupboard, but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.
1. In fact the husband _______ the cupboard.
A. would like very much to buy B. badly wanted
C. was glad to have bought D. would rather not buy
2. Other drivers thought they were _______.
A. carrying a cupboard to the church
B. sending flowers to the church
C. carrying nothing but a piece of furniture
D. going to attend a funeral(葬禮) at the church
3. The police will be more polite to those who are _______.
A. driving in gathering darkness B. in great sorrow (悲痛)
C. driving with wild flowers in the car D. carrying furniture
4. What did the husband think of this matter?
A. It was very strange. B. He felt ashamed of it.
C. He took great pride in it. D. He was puzzled at it.
(1―4 DDBB)
【答案與解析】作者在采花回家的路上，妻子又買了一個柜子裝在車上，其他的司機及警察都以為他們是去給人送葬，所以紛紛給其讓路。
1. D。推斷題。根據文章第2段作者對買柜子的想法：要花錢、又長又笨重，從而推斷出作者心里不愿意，由此可知答案為D。
2. D。推斷題。根據第4段倒數第2句：警察的車停在教堂及第7段警察看車的情形：看了花草又看柜子，說：我們以為是別的什么東西。可推斷出此題答案為D。
3. B。推斷題。根據文章中對警察關心作者的描述及警察對作者車上東西的看法可推斷出警察以為作者去參加葬禮，所以對作者特別關心，由此可知答案為B。
4. B。推斷題。根據文章最后一段的描述：好像一塊石頭擊中了我的眉心，于是我盡快地把車開回家，可看出作者對此很羞愧，從而推斷出此題答案為B。
(8)
My father was
a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras,
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.
I was only
six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. Our family needed every dollar we
could make because my father never earned more than $
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴樹枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field ― except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.
1. The writer’s first job was _______.
A. to stand down the fairway at a golf course
B. to watch over the sugar-cane plantation
C. to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields
D. to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them
2. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______.
A. difficult B. boring C. interesting D. unusual
3. The writer learned that_______ from his first job.
A. he should work for those who he liked most
B. he should work longer than what he was expected
C. he should never fail to say hello to his owner
D. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for
4. _______ gave the writer self-esteem.
A. Having a family of eight people
B. Owning his own golf course
C. Bringing money back home to help the family
D. Helping his father with the work on the plantation
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. He wanted to be a successful golfer.
B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house.
C. He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.
D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.
【答案與解析】本文主要介紹作者小時候的工作經歷：6歲時在一家甘蔗種植園耕地，7歲時在離家不遠的一家高爾夫球場找到看球。
1. C。語義理解題。第 1 段第 2 句話My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields 和題干幾乎完全相同。
2. B。詞義猜測題。從第 2 段第 2 句話中的I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could 可以推知 tedious 的正確詞義。
3. D。語義理解題。看到文章第 2 段第 4 句話 I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for，答案不言自明。
4. C。語義理解題。從文章第 3 段最后兩句話 Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem (自尊心)… 不難肯定答案為C。
5. A。判斷題。從最后一段內容不難看出他想當一名高爾夫球員的迫切之心。
(4)
At the time, I would go out in the evening with my parents. But this time I had borrowed a bicycle from a friend of mine. I didn’t know why, but once I was on my own bicycle, a kind of free feeling flooded through me. The faster I rode, the faster I wanted to go! Far ahead, I rode as if my life depended on it, head down, hands grasping the handbars. I meant to get to Jinghai Bar as fast as I could...
Oh! My hands! Don’t come any closer... Don’t touch me! That poor doctor just couldn’t get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. Much later, I discovered that I had crashed(碰撞) heavily with another bicycle, and I hadn’t spoken one word of sense for at least three hours! After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as white as a sheet, and gave me a hug(擁抱), only then did the doctor begin to stitch(縫合) my head wound, not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻藥) either! Later. I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right hand was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?
1. On her way to Jinghai, the writer felt _______.
A. nervous B. comfortable C. light-hearted D. upset
2. Why did the writer ride a bicycle to Jinghai Bar that evening?
A. Because she wanted to attend a party on time.
B. Because she wanted to meet her friend who was waiting for her there.
C. Because she just wanted, to join some of her friends and drink some wine.
D. We are not quite sure about what she was really going there for.
3. What did the writer think of the doctor?
A. Friendly. B. Cruel. C. Hardworking. D. Kind.
4. One thing is sure, that is, before she was wounded she _______.
A. often went to Jinghai Bar with her friends
B. liked playing the piano
C. didn’t like any doctors at all
D. would burst into tears when she was in trouble
(1―4 CDBB)
【答案與解析】本文述說了作者騎車遇險的經歷。
1. C。推斷題。根據第1段后面幾句話的描述可推知此題的答案為C。
2. D。推斷題。文章未說作者去Jinghai Bar的原因，因此，我們也就無法知道，因此此題答案為D。
3. B。推斷題。根據文章中的 …not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic either 可知，作者認為這醫生很殘忍，因此選B。
4. B。細節題。根據文章最后一句可知：她喜歡彈鋼琴。從而可推知此題答案為B。
(5)
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists.
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town’s newspaper. The Beldon Post:
FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors： “Please don’t smoke cigarettes in bed.” This was Beldon’s first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one：
ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Now what do you think of the rest of the “news” ?
1. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this text?
A. Beldon and Canfield are both good places for tourists in summer.
B. A fire broke out night in Seabreeze Hotel last summer.
C. It was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers.
D. Two newspapers gave reports on the same matter.
2. Which of the following are probably facts?
a. The fire broke out in a bedroom at the hotel.
b. A cigarette started the fire.
c. An old lamp started the fire.
d. The fire broke out at night.
e. There has never been a fire in Canfield.
A. b and c B. a and d C. c and e D. a and c
3. The Canfield Times used the headline like this in order to make its readers think _______.
A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire
B. hotels in Beldon don’t often catch fire
C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel
D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe
4. The Canfield newspaper gave a report just the opposite to the Beldon Post by saying that _______.
A. the bedroom lamps were very old at the Seabreeze Hotel
B. the bedroom lights made funny noise when the fire took place
C. the firemen failed to save clothing, bedclothes and other things
D. such accidents never happened in Canfield for the past 5 years
【答案與解析】本文通過講述兩個對手城市的報紙對同一件火災事故的不同報道，對新聞報道的真實性提出了質疑。
1. C。主旨題。從主題句It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident.可得出答案。
2. B。細節題。根據There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August及兩張報紙都報道了火災是在晚上發生的，故可以確定的事實只有兩項a和 d。而其他選項都只是兩份報紙的片面之辭，到度是真是假，我們無法得知，因此答案為B。
3. A。推斷題。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是個關鍵詞，它暗示了Beldon賓館頻繁發生的火災。
4. C。細節題。The Canfield Times 報道說Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel.，而The Beldon Post則說消防隊員及時把這場小火撲滅了，（沒有造成損失），兩者報道相反。可此題答案為C。
(6)
Jack used to curse(咒罵) the front yard as if it were a living thing. He was the man who lived
with my grandmother for thirty years. He was not my grandfather, but an Italian
who came down the road one day, selling fruit in
Jack stopped at my
grandmother’s house to sell her some oranges just a stone’s throw from downtown
Now the ground was so hard that it gave his car flat tires(輪胎) in the summer. The yard was always finding a nail to put in one of his tires or the car as always sinking out of sight in the winter when the rains came on. The lawn had belonged to my grandfather, who lived out the end of his life in an insane hospital. It had been his pride and joy and was said to be the place where his powers came.
1. It can be inferred that the real reason Jack had problems with the yard was that _______.
A. he didn’t like the lawn.
B. the author’s grandfather was against Jack working on the lawn
C. the lawn was full of living things
D. he himself did not take care of the lawn
2. We can learn from the passage that when the lawn belonged to the author’s grandfather, it had been _______.
A. beautiful B. worn out C. wasted D. full of nails
3. What do we know about Jack and the author’s grandfather?
A. They both hated the front lawn.
B. Jack was jealous of the author’s grandfather.
C. They sold fruit in
D. They came from
【答案與解析】Jack為什么曾經指桑罵槐，因為他嫉妒我祖父。我祖父曾把前花園弄得很漂亮。
1. D。判斷題。從第2段最后一句話He refused to water it or take care of it in any way. 可以判斷。
2. A。語義理解題。根據There had been a beautiful lawn(草坪) there when Jack came along, but he let it wander off into nothing 可知答案。
3. B。判斷題。運用排除法：根據原文可知A、C、D三項明顯不對。再看第1段第1句話的意思：Jack 過去常常咒罵前花園，就好像那花園是一個有生命的東西一樣，可以看出Jack 不是在罵花園，而是指桑罵槐，所以選B。
(7)
When Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil you brought us, Mr Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled.
The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.” “So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson.
“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr Johnson?”
Johnson smiled again. “Would I be showing it to you if I had?”
“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager.
“It would be expensive to do that, even if you could.” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.”
“Perhaps,” said the manager. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson, Shall we discuss it?”
“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing with a situation of this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best way,” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.
“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts, but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?”
“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”
1. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it ________.
A. cheaper than the new oil B. more quickly
C. more expensive D. as good as the new oil
2. Johnson’s new oil would be ________.
A. more expensive than fish oil, but better
B. less expensive, and better
C. less expensive, but not good
D. more expensive, and not so good
3. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager ________.
A. could not stop the new oil being made
B. would never know how to make it
C. had spent a lot of money on it
D. didn’t know enough about it
4. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted ________.
A. to produce it himself B. to prevent it being produced
C. to be paid not to produce it D. the manager to produce it
(1―4 DBAD)
【答案與解析】本文描述了Johnson向經理推銷他所研制的生產新品種的油的過程。
1. D。推斷題。根據第2段經理所說的話 It is better than our fish oils 和第6段We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils可推知此題的答案為D。
2. B。推斷題。根據Johnson與經理的對話，特別是從It is better than our fish oils和I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils 可推知此題答案為B。
試卷類型：A
廣東省茂名市2009年第二次高考模擬考試
化 學 試 題
考生須知：1、本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題二部分，共計150分，考試時間為120分鐘
2、選擇題答題時，選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑
3、可能用到的相對原子質量：H 1 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl 35．5 Na 23 K 39 Fe 56 Cu 64
第一部分 選擇題（共63分）
高考考綱詞匯分類整理（動詞）
accept 接受，承認，同意
（通常指主觀上接受）
對比：receive 強調客觀收到的動作，不一定接受。
achieve 達到；取得
（指通過努力而獲得成功或達到某種目的）(n .)achievement
achieve one’s goal/aim
act 行動，做，做事，扮演
act/work/serve as 作為，充當，扮演
(n .)actor& actress ; activity& action
take action to do 采取行動
add 加，增加，接著說 add…to…
add to… 增加add up 加起來add up to總計
(n .)addition in addition 另外，此外
admire 欽佩，羨慕，贊美 (n .)admiration
admit 承認，接收，讓……進入 (admitted)
admit doing sth. 承認做某事
be admitted into 被錄取
advance推進，促進 in advance 提前，事先 （adj.）advanced高級的，高等的
advise 勸告，建議
advise doing /advise sb. to do
/advise that (虛擬語氣)
對比:persuade勸服
afford 負擔得起，提供
agree 同意,贊成 agree to do sth. 同意去做 agree with sb. 同意某人的意見
agree to sth. 同意某種意見、建議
agree on sth. 與某人達成一致意見
(n .)agreement
allow 準許，允許
allow sb. to do sth. / allow doing
announce宣布，宣告，通知（強調鄭重其事預先通知） (n .) announcement
apologise 道歉
apologise to sb. for doing sth.
(n .)apology apologies(pl.)
appear出現，顯得，好像 （反disappear）(n .)appearance 外表 外貌
argue爭論，爭辯
argue with sb. over/about sth.
(n .)argument 論點，論據
ask ask for / ask sb. for sth.
astonish 使…詫異 astonishment
attack v./n. be under ~ 遭到攻擊
an air ~ 空襲
attempt n./v.努力；嘗試
~ to do sth.= make an ~ to do sth.
in an ~ to do sth.努力/嘗試去做......
attend v.出席；照顧 attendant n.服務員 ~ to sb./ sth. 照料；從事；處理
attract vt .吸引
attractive adj.有吸引力的；迷人的 attraction n.吸引（人的人或物）
be attractive to sb.吸引某人
be attracted to sth. 被......吸引
bake 烘烤
bargain v. 討價還價
n. 討價還價；便宜貨 a real ~ 便宜貨
base n. 基地；基礎 vt.以......為基礎
~ A on B A以B為基礎/依據
be ~d on以......為基礎
be am/is/are/was/were/being/been
bear vt.忍受；承受(bore/born-borne)
He can’t ~ being looked down upon.
He was born in Shanghai.
They have borne three children.
beat(beat,beat) v.打；擊敗
become/became/become link.v.系動詞
beg v.乞討；哀求 begging begged beggar n.乞丐 ~ sb. for sth.
go ~ging去乞討
begin/began/begun v.
beginning beginner初學者
Well begun, half done.
良好的開端是成功的一半。
to ~ with首先=first of all
in the beginning at the beginning of
believe vt. belief n.信仰；信念
belong 屬于
belong to 無被動無進行時態
bend/bent/bent v. 弄彎
~ over sth. 伏在......上面
be bent over......一心想/做
bite/bit/bit:bitten v.咬
Never bite off more than you can chew.
要量力而行
blame vt.責備
be to ~ (for doing sth.)因......而應受責備 ~ sb. for doing sth. 因......而責備
Don’t ~ the child for the broken glass. It was my fault.
I wonder who is to ~ for the broken glass.=I wonder who to ~ for the broken glass.
blow/blew/blown v.吹~ up爆炸 ~ sth. up把......炸毀 ~ ...away把吹走
boil v. boiling water在沸騰的水 boiled water沸水 boiling hot超熱
borrow 借出
break/broke/broken v. ~ down出故障；破除 ~ up破壞；解散；開墾
~ into sp.闖入；侵占
~ the law/rule違反 ~ one’s promise食言 ~ away (of) 脫離
~ forth/out爆發 ~ off折斷；突然中斷
~ open撬開 ~ with與......斷交
c.n.休息 take/have a ~
bring/brought/brought vt. ~ sb. up撫養 ~ sth. up嘔吐;提出 bring sth. forward提出
broadcast/broadcast/broadcast vt.廣播
~ sth. live現場直播 Cf. cast/cast/cast forecast/forecast/forecast
build/built/built vt.建造；建設 building n. ~ ...up建造 ~ A into B把A建成B
burn/burnt/burnt v. ~ sth. up燒光
~ sth. to the ground=~ sth down夷為平地 It’s ~ing hot.
burst vt.爆發；爆炸
~ sth. up =blow sth. up炸掉 ~ into tears/laughter/cheers
~ out crying/laughing/cheering ~ into...闖入
~ forth= ~ out= break forth= break out爆發
bury vt.埋葬 burial n.葬禮
~ sb. alive活埋
buy/bought/bought vt.
I won’t ~ your story.我才不信呢
call v./n. ~ for請求；要求；需要；呼吁 ~ at sp.參觀 ~ on sb.訪問 ~...off取消
~ out大聲叫喊 ~ forth...喚起；鼓起（勇氣等） call (on) sb. to do sth.號召
camp v.宿營 n.帳篷
go camping去宿營
can 能，能夠 could
care v. ~ for...喜愛；關心；照管 ~ about...關心；顧慮
care n. take ~ of...照料；照看
take ~當心；保重 under the ~ of在...... with ~ =carefully小心地；慎重地 careless 粗心的
carry vt. ~ sth. in one’s arms抱著 ~ sth. on one’s back背著
~ sth. in one’s hands捧著
~ sth. in one’s hand拿著
~ sth. out實施；執行
~ ...away帶走；沖昏...的頭腦
~ sth. on繼續下去
~ through堅持到底
catch/caught/caught vt.抓住
~ sb. = ~ up with sb.追上
catch sight of突然看到 ~ hold of突然抓住
~ (a ) cold得感冒
~ sb.’s attention/ eye吸引的注意力
~ sb. doing sth.
be caught in a rain遭遇風雨等
be caught in/between the trees卡在樹中
celebrate v. 慶祝 celebration n. ~ one’s birthday/Christmas/Easter/New Year’s Day (=mark/observe/keep)
change v./n.變化
~/turn A into B 把A變成B
~ trains/planes/clothes換車、飛機、衣服
~ for the better/worse邊得更好/壞
~ with...隨著......而變化 ~ oneself=get ~d換衣服
Great ~s have taken place in China since the reform and opening up in 1979.
charge v.收費；控告；沖鋒 ~ sm. sb. for sth. He ~d me $10 for the book.
~ sb. with (doing) sth.
He was ~d of sealing books from the newsstand.
n.主管；收費；控告；沖鋒 in ~ of 主管 in the ~ of由......主管 free of ~免費的
chat 閑談 chatting
clap v. n.拍（手）
climb 爬，攀爬
close
come (came, come) vi. 來，來到
compare vt. 比較，對照
complete v. 完成
connect vt. 連接，把……聯系起來
consider vt. 考慮
contain v. 包含；包括；能容納
continue vi. 繼續
correct v. 改正；糾正 a. 正確的，對的；恰當的
cost (cost, cost) v. 值（多少錢）；花費
cure n. & vt. 治療；醫好 cure…of …
could ?modal v.?
（can的過去式）可以……；
（表示許可或請求）可以……，行
count vt. 數，點數
cut (cut, cut) v. n. 切，剪，削，割 傷口
damage n.& vt. 毀壞，損害
dare ?v.& aux.? （后接不帶to的不定式；主要用于疑問，否定或條件句）敢，敢于
decide v. 決定；下決心
declare vt. 聲明；斷言
defeat vt. 擊敗；戰勝
defend vt. 防守；保衛
delay v.& n. 拖延，延誤，延遲，延期；耽擱
destroy vt. 破壞，毀壞
determine vt. 決定；決心
develop v. （使）發展；（使）發達；（使）發育；開發 vt. 沖洗（照片）
devote vt. 把……奉獻； 把……專用（于）
deliver vt. 投遞（信件，郵包等）
demand vt. 要求 ?
depend vi. 依靠，依賴，指望；取決于
describe vt. 描寫，敘述
die vi. die of/from 死亡
（ died, died, dying ）
dig vt.(dug dug digging ) 挖掘
disappoint vt. 使失望disappointed/disappointing disappointment
discover vt. 發現
discuss vt. 討論
disturb vt. 打擾
dive vi. 潛水
divide vt. divide into 劃分
do (did done doing )
draw ( drew drawn )
dream vt. ( dreamed/dreamt, dreamed/dreamt ) dream of
drink vt. ( drank drunk )
drive vt. (drove driven )
drop vt. ( dropped dropped )
drown 溺水
earn vt. earn one’s living
eat vt. ( ate eaten )
employ vt. 雇傭 hire/take on employer/employee employment
op. fire/dismiss/lay off
encourage vt. encourage sb to do 鼓勵 n. encouragement
enjoy vt. sth/doing sth
escape vi. from 逃跑
enter vt. 進入
envy vt. 羨慕，嫉妒
examine vt. 檢查
excuse vt. 原諒 n. 借口
exist vi. 存在
expect to do/expect sb to do 期望
explain vt. sth to sb/to sb sth 解釋
exploit vt. 開發
express vt. 表達
fail vi. 失敗
fall ( fell fallen )
fasten vt. 拴，系
feed vt.( fed fed )
feel ( felt felt ) feel like doing
fetch vt. 取回
fight vi. ( fought fought )
fill ~ in 填寫
find ( found found )
finish vi. sth/doing sth
fly ( flew flown )
float vi. 漂浮
fix vt. fix one’s attention on
flow vi. 流動
fold vt. 折疊
follow vt. 跟隨 as follows
forbid vt. ( forbade forbidden )
forbid doing/sb to do 禁止
force vt. force sb to do 強迫
forget ( forgot forgotten ) to do/doing
forgive ( forgave forgiven ) forgive sb for sth 原諒，寬恕
found vt. 建立 founded/founded
freeze ( froze frozen ) 凝固，結冰
freezing cold 冰冷
frighten vt. 嚇唬 adj. frightened/frightening
fry vt. 煎
gain vt. 獲得
gather vt. 聚集 gathering 集會
get vt. (got got )
give----gave-----given
go----went-----went
grow----grew----grown
hang----hung----hung 懸掛
-----hanged-----hanged 吊死，絞死
have----had-----had
hear----heard-----heard
hide----hid----hidden/hid
hit----hit----hit
hold----held----held
hurt---hurt----hurt
keep---kept----kept
know---knew---known
lie---lay---lain (vi)平躺，位于
lie----lied----lied (vi)撒謊
lay----laid----laid (vt)放置，產卵
lead---led---led
learn---learnt/learned---learnt/learned
注意 a learned person
leave---left---left
lend---lent---lent
let----let----let
light---lit/lighted---lit/lighted
注意 a lighted cigarette
lose---lost---lost
make---made---made
mean---meant---meant
meet---met---met
mistake----mistook---mistaken
by mistake
make a mistake
mix mix A with B
mixture(ｎ) 混合物
miss miss the early bus
miss the target
merry merry Christmas 圣誕快樂
mention Don't mention it.不用謝，別客氣
not to mention = let alone
= still/much/even less 更不用說
may------(過去式)might
marry----married----married
marry sb = get married to sb(不可以和時間段連用)
be married to sb(可以和時間段連用，表示狀態 )
(ｎ) marriage 婚姻
manage
manage to do sth = succeed in doing sth 設法做到某事
try to do sth = attempt to do sth 設法做某事(未必成功)
I can manage it. 我能行； 我能對付
manager (ｎ) 經理，管理者
Management (n) 經營，管理
laugh burst into laughter 突然笑起來
burst out laughing 突然笑起來
laugh at 嘲笑
kill kill time 消磨時間
join join the army
join the Party
join in the game
invite invitation (n) 邀請
invent invention (n) 發明
inventor (n) 發明者
introduce 介紹 ，引進
introduce sb/oneself to sb
introduce sth into some place
An introduction to English Grammar 英語語法入門
interrupt 與disturb
interrupt 打斷
disturb 打擾
insist
insist on (one`s) doing 堅持要求做某事
He insisted that he didn't break the law and insisted that he should be set free.
他堅持說他沒有違法并堅持要求被釋放
include 與 contain
include 包括，強調范圍
contain 包含，強調內容或成分
The basket contains many apples , including some green ones / some green ones included.
increase
increase to 增長到。。。
increase by 增長了。。。
improve (vi /vt) 使改善/提高，改善/提高
He has improved his health.
His health has been improving.
imagine imagine sb /sb's doing sth
imagine sb to be......
beyond imagination 超出想像
hire 近義詞 employ/ take on/engage 雇傭
反義詞 fire/dismiss/lay off 解雇
hate hate to do sth / doing stb
I hate it when people are talking with their mouths full.
happen
happen to sb 某事發生在某人身上
It happens that ......碰巧。。。
Sb happens to do sth 某人碰巧做。。。
guess I guess so/ not.
You guessed it.
greet greet sb with a smile
greeting(n) 問候，問候語(pl) ( v/n )
Glance 一瞥，瞥見 (v) glance at
(n) take a glance at
at first glance
graduate (v) graduate from 畢業于。。。
(n) high school graduates 高中畢業生
guard 警衛，哨兵；保衛，守衛
guide (v) 引導，指導
guide ~sb around some place
(n) 向導，領路人；指南，入門 ； a guide to grammar
hand (v) hand in
hand out
（n）give/lend sb a hand
=do sb a favor幫某人一個忙
head (v) head for 朝。。。。行進
(n) hit sb on the head
heat (v) He will heat some milk. 加熱
(n) The sun gives us heat and light. 熱，熱量
( adj ) heated 激烈的 heated discussion
help (v) help sb with sth /
~in doing sth / to do sth
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
can't help to do sth不能幫忙做某事
can't help but do sth不得不做某事
help oneself to sth隨便吃。。。
(n) be of great help / very helpful to sb
with sb's help = with the help of sb
honour (v) feel honoured to do sth 因做某事而感到榮幸
(n) It is an honour to do sth 做某事是榮幸的一件事
In honour of為了向。。。。表達敬意，為了紀念。。。
hurry (v) Hurry up, or we'll be late.
(n) He left here in a hurry.
interest (v) This book interests me.
I am interested in this book.
This book is interesting.
(n) I show an interest in this book.. The guide showed us around many places of interest.
judge (v) Judging from his cloths, he must be very rich. 判斷
(n) He is a fair judge. 法官，裁判
knock 敲門，敲門聲 (v) Someone is knocking at the door.
(n) There is a knock at the door.
lack 缺乏，缺少，短缺
(v) lack sth
be lacking in sth
(n) (a) lack of
land （n） 陸地， (v) 著陸
lift (v) I can not lift the heavy box. 舉起，抬起
(n) Take the lift to the 50th floor. 乘電梯
give sb a lift / ride讓某人搭車
limit (n) 極限，界限，限度 There is a limit to my patience.
(v) 限制，限定 You should limit spending.
We should make full use of the limited time.有限的時間
list 清單；列舉 He made a list on which he listed all the things he
wanted to buy.
load (n) 擔子，負載 He bore a heavy load on his shoulders.
(v) 裝，裝載 They are loading a car with luggage.
lock The door won't lock, so he put a new lock on the door.
look Please take a look at what he is looking at now.
love fall / be in love with sb
mail mail a letter /send a letter by mail
march Time marches on. Our preparations for the college entrance
examination are on the march. 在進行中
mark The teacher was marking examination papers. LiLei got full marks.
matter (n) what's the matter with you ？
(v) It does't matter.
mind (v) Never mind.不要緊，沒關系
(n) change one's mind 改變想法
make up one's mind to do sth 下決心做某事
keep / bear sth in mind 牢記。。。。
master (n) 主人；能手 (v) 掌握；精通
match (n) 火柴；比賽 (pl) matches
(v) 比得上，與....相匹敵； compare with
與....相匹配；go with
measure (n) 量度，測量； make.....to one's measure 量體裁衣
措施(pl) take measures/action/steps to do sth 采取措施做。。。
(v) 量, 測量； 有.....長(寬 ， 高 等)
This room measures 10 meters across.
like (v) 喜歡 like to do sth / doing sth
（prep） 像…..一樣 look like
owe欠，歸于 vt.―owe sth to sb 把…歸功于某人/欠某人某物―own 擁有―owing to 由于
pack打包，裝入 vt.---pack sth into sth--- n.= package =packet包裹
paint 漆，涂vt.―paint sth green-- 油畫painting
pardon vt.―pardon sb for sth―pardon me---I beg your pardon.
pass vi./vt (A:passed―passed)/(B:past―past) n.―護照passport ---過路人passer(s)-by
---pass my house―pass the examination―pass the holiday―pass me the newspaper(pass the newspaper to me)―pass a law--pass by ―pass on―pass down
pause暫停 vi./n.(C)―without a pause
pay vi./vt.(paid―paid) ---sb pay sb sm for sth―pay a visit to sp―pay attention to ? pay back―pay off
perform 表演，進行vi./vt.―n. performance--performer
=carry out―perform one’s duty/ a task =play―perform a part in ----perform well
permit vt./vi. 允許 (permitted―permitted―permitting)
n. permission (ask for sb’s permission) permit許可證 ( a permit to hunt)
not permit the waste of a single drop of water―permit sb to do sth―permit doing sth
If time permits=Time permitting
persuade 說服vt. persuade sb to do sth―persuade sb into/out of doing sth―persuade sb of sth
plan vt. (planned―planned-planning) plan sth--plan to do sth―plan a visit to sp=plan to visit sp
n.plan-- make /work out /carry out a plan
play vi./vt. play football―play the piano―play cards―play an important part in―play a joke on
n. player 運動員
please vt. please sb―if you please( =if you like/=竟然)
adj. pleased―pleasing n. pleasure―It is a pleasure to do sth
plough犁vi./vt. n. plough犁
point vi./vt. point to ?point at―point out
n. (keep/come/get) to the point―beside the point―at this point 此刻
―in this point ?be on the point of doing sth
There is no point in doing sth.
post vt. post sb sth=post sth to sb n. post ---by post ? postcard 卡片―postbox郵箱―postcode郵編
pour vi./vt 傾瀉，流 pour (sth) into
practise vi./vt. practise doing sth
n. practice --in practice 熟練/實際上―out of practice 生疏--put sth into practice --a regular pratice 常規做法
praise vi./vt. 表揚 praise sb. for sth. n. in praise of --sing high praise for--
prefer vt.( preferred―preferred―preferring)
n. preference have a preference for
prefer sth―prefer (doing)sth to (doing)sth ?prefer to do sth rather than do sth―prefer sb to do sth ---prefer that s. (should)do sth
prepare vi./vt. prepare sth ?prepare for sth--prepare sth for sth ?prepare sb for sth --be well prepared for
n. preparation
press vi./vt. n. pressure 壓力
pretend vi./vt假裝 pretend sth―pretend to be ---pretend that
prevent vi./vt prevent sth (disease /an accident)
prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth=keep sb/sth from doing sth=stop sb/sth (from) doing sth 被動結構中from都不省略
print v./n printing 印刷
produce v./n.生產 produce--product--production
promise v./n. promise to do sth―promise that―promise sb sth ---promise sth( A heavy snow promises a good harvest) make/keep/break a promise (of sth)
pronounce v. n. pronunciation
protect v. n. protection protect sth/sb from/against
prove v. 證明 n proof(s)
prove that ---prove (to be) sth/adj. = turn out (to be) sth/adj. (It proved a good idea./ It proved good)
provide v. n. provision
provide sb for sth =provide sb with sth = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb = supply sth to/for sb =supply sb with sth
pull v./n 拉，拽
punish v.懲罰 n. punishment punish sb for sth
push v./n 推
put v.( put-put ?putting )
put up/down/away/aside/back/on/forward/off/out/through/together/up with
quarrel v. 爭吵(quarrel(l)ed -- quarrel(l)ed ?quarrel(l)ing )
quarrel with ab about/over sth
raise vt. raise one’s voice
reach vt./n. reach =arrive in/at=get to reach an agreement
out of /beyond one’s reach
read v . read-read Read aloud. It reads/says 上面寫著“No parking is allowed.”
realize/realize 實現，意識到vt. n. reality realize one’s dream ?realize one’s mistake
receive vt. receive a letter=hear from sb receive an invitation --- accept an invitation
recognize/ze 認出vt. recognize sb /sb’s voice
recover v. 恢復 n.―recovery recover from ---suffer from
reduce v. reduce to /by increase to/by
refer v. referred―referred―referring n. reference
參考refer to a dictionary---提到refer to a person---涉及refer to personal life
refuse v. refuse sth/sb (反accept)---refuse to do sth (反agree)
regard v. regard as = look on as = treat as = consider as =have as= think of as
regret v./n 后悔( regretted―regretted―regretting)
regret sth--- regret doing sth后悔---regret to do sth (to say--)抱歉，遺憾
remain v. remain poor/silent/standing/unfinished remain to do ( to be seen)
n. remains 剩下的東西 adj. the remaining money --- the money left
remember v. remember to do sth ?remember doing sth ---remember sb to sb
remind v. remind sb---remind sb of sth ?remind sb to do sth---remind sb that
remove 搬走 v. remove from
repair v. /n. repair sth under repair
repeat v. 重復
reply v/n. reply to in reply to make no reply
request v/n request sth from / of sb---request sb to do sth ---request that s. (should) do n.-- request for
require v. n.―requirement
require sth ---require sth of sb---require sb to do sth―require that s. (should) do―sth requires doing = want=need
research v./n. research on/ into
respect尊敬 v./n. respect sb for sth --- have / show respect for ---in respect of ?with respect to
adj. respectful表示尊敬的---respectable值得尊敬的
review v. 復習 n.---revision
ride (rode, ridden) v. /n. go for a ride ?give sb a ride n.―rider
ring (rang ,rung) vi.
rise (rose, risen) vi.
roll v. roll in涌來 ---roll over翻身 ―roll up 卷起
ruin v./n in ruins 成為廢墟
rule v./n. n.―ruler
ran (ran, run)
rush v./n. rush hour 交通高峰期
sail v. sail for sp --- go sailing n. sailor
satisfy vt.使滿意 satisfy sb with sth --satisfy sb’s need ?be satisfied with
adj. satisfied―satisfying
n. satisfaction
save v. save sb’slife --- save water―save sb. sm.―save face save up 積蓄
say v. (said, said) say sth―say sth. to sb―say to oneself―say hello/sorry to sb
It is/was said that= be said to do ? that is to say -- you said it 你說對了?having said that 雖然說過
There goes a saying,/ As a saying goes,
scold v. scold sb for sth
scream v./n.
search v./n. search sp/sb for sth ?search for sth in search of
seat vt. 使坐 seat oneself be seated
see v. (saw , seen)
see sb do/doing sth --see a movie/play/film―see( to it )that確保/負責 ?see sb off―see through看穿?see sb/sth through幫某人度過難關--I see. /You see,你知道--See you later( tomorrow).
seek v. 尋求(sought,sought) seek (for ) sth. --seek to do sth
seek one’s fortune
seem v. seem adj./ n.(The idea seems good.=It seems a good idea.)―seem like(It seems a good idea.) ? It seems that --- It seems as if ---
seize v. 抓住 seize sb’s hand=seize sb by the hand --- seize a chance/ opportunity
sell v.(sold,--) sell sth ? sell sth to sb=sell sb sth―sell well/ badly
sell off―sell out
send v.(sent, sent) send a letter ?send sb to sp―send sb to do sth --
send one’s love/regards/wishes to sb
send up―send for sb
sentence v/n. sentence sb to death/ three years ?make sentences
separate v. /adj. separate from / a separate room
serve v. 服務 serve sb with sth--- serve as n. ?service
set v.(set,set, setting)
set fire to sth=set sth on fire―set the table―set one’s mind /heart/ on sth―set an example to sb ?set sb free-----set about doing sth=set out to do sth---set aside---set off---set up---set down
settle v. settle sth―settle down ?settle down to sth 開始認真做某事
n. settlement
sew v. (sewed,sewed/sewn) 縫
shake v.(shook,shaken)
share v. /n. share sth with sb
shave v.(shaved,shaved/shaven) n. shaver 剃須刀
shine v. (shone, shone) 發光
shock v. shocking, shocked ?be shocked to see/hear/learn come as a shock
shoot v.(shot, shot) shoot at n.芽
shout v. shout at ?shout to
show v.(showed, shown /showed)
show sb sth=show sth to sb―show sb around sp―show off―show up=turn up
n. be on show
shut v.(shut, shut, shutting) shut up =shut your mouth=shut it閉嘴
sigh v./n. 嘆息
sing v.(sang,sung)
sink v.(sank,sunk)
sit v.(sat,sat) sit up =stay up 熬夜
skate v. go skating
sleep v. (slept,-) sleep well/ soundly―sleep late ?sleep like a log/top睡的熟
n. go/get to sleep--- a sound sleep
adj. sleepy困的 asleep睡著的---fall asleep ---be sound asleep 熟睡
smell v.(smelt, smelt / smelled, smelled) smell nice---smell like―
smell vi.發出臭味的 His breath smells. 他有口臭。smelly adj. 臭的
smile v./n. smile at sb with a smile
smoke v./n.
snow v./n adj. snowy sun―sunny fog―foggy
wind―windy cloud ?cloudy storm―stormy rain―rainy
sound v. sound like---sound good---sound as if safe and sound
be sound as a bell十分健康 It sounds a good idea.
n. 聲音
sow播種―sowed,sowed/sown
spare v. 節約，省出spare sb sth---spare sb trouble使某人免受麻煩---spare no efforts to do sth―
a spare pen---in one’s spare/free time
scold vt. 責罵
score v. 得分，分數
search v. 搜尋，搜查
see (saw, seen) vt. 看見，看到；領會；拜會
seek vt. 試圖； 探尋
seem v. 似乎，好像
seize vt. 抓住(時機等)
select vt. 選擇，挑選，選拔
sell (sold, sold) v. 賣，售
send (sent, sent) v. 打發，派遣；送，郵寄
sense n. 感覺，意識
separate v. 使分開，使分離a. 單獨的，分開的
serve vt. 招待（顧客等），服務
set (set, set) vt. 釋放，安置
settle vi. 安家，定居
shake (shook, shak? en) v. （使）動搖，震動
shall (should) v. aux. （表示將來）將要，會；……好嗎
share vt. 分享，共同使用
sharpen v. （使）變銳利，削尖
shave (shaved, shaved 或 shaven) v. 刮（臉，胡子）
shine (shone, shone 或 ?d, ?d) v. 發光；照耀；杰出；擦亮
shock vt. 使震驚
shoot1 (shot, shot) vt. 射擊，射中，發射
shop vi. 買東西 n. 商店，車間
should v. mod. 應當，應該，會 v. aux. 會，應該（shall的過去時態）
show (showed, shown 或 showed) v. 給……看，出示，顯示
shut (shut, shut) v. n. 關上，封閉；禁閉；
sigh vi. 嘆息； 嘆氣
sing (sang, sung) v. 唱，唱歌
sink (sank, sunk) vi. 下沉； 消沉
skate vi. 溜冰，滑冰
ski vi. 滑雪板；滑雪
skip v. 蹦蹦跳跳；跳繩
sleep (slept, slept) vi. 睡覺
smell (smelt, smelt 或 ?ed,?ed) v. 嗅，聞到；發氣味
snatch v. 奪，奪得，奪走
sneeze v. 打噴嚏
sort vt. 把……分類，揀選 n. 種類，類別
sound vi. 聽起來；發出聲音n. 聲音
spell vt. 拼寫
spend (spent, spent) v. 度過；花費（錢、時間等）
spit v. 吐唾沫；吐痰
split v. 撕開； 切開
spread v. 延伸； 展開
stand (stood, stood) v. 站；立；起立；坐落；經受；持久
stare vi. 盯，凝視
start v. 開始，著手；出發
starve v. 餓死
steal (stole, stolen) vt. 偷, 竊取
stop v. 停，停止，阻止
strengthen vt. 加強，增強
strike v. （鐘）鳴；敲（響）；罷工
strike (struck, ? struck 或stricken)? vt. 擦（打）火, 侵襲
struggle vi. 斗爭
study v. 學習；研究 n. 書房
succeed vi. 成功
suck vt. 吸吮
suffer vi. 受苦，遭受
suggest vt. 建議，提議
suit vt. 適合 n. 一套（衣服）
supply vt.& n. 供給，供應
support vt.& n. 支持，贊助
suppose vt. 猜想，假定，料想
surprise vt. 使驚奇，使詫異 n. 驚奇，詫異
surround vt. 圍繞； 包圍
swallow vt. 吞下； 咽下 ?
sweep(swept,swept)? v. 掃除，掃
swim (swam, swum) vi. 游泳，游
swing vt. 揮舞，擺動 n. 秋千
take (took, taken) vt. 拿；拿走；做；服用；乘坐；花費
teach(taught,taught)? v. 教書，教
telegraph v. (拍) 電報
telephone v. 打電話 n. 電話
tell (told, told) vt. 告訴；講述；吩咐
terrify vt. 使人感到恐怖
test vt.& n. 測試, 考查，試驗
thank vt. 感謝，致謝，道謝 n. （復）感謝，謝意
think(thought, thought) v. 想；認為；考慮 ?
throw(threw,thrown)? v. 投，擲，扔
tick vt. 作記號
tie vt. （用繩，線）系，拴，扎 n. 領帶，繩子，結；關系
tire vi. 使疲勞
touch vt. 觸摸，接觸
trade vt. 用……進行交換
translate vt. 翻譯
transport ?vt.?運輸
trap vt. 使陷入困境
treat vt. 對待，看待
tremble v. 顫抖
trouble vt. 使苦惱，使憂慮，使麻煩 n. 問題，疾病，煩惱，麻煩
trust vt. 相信，信任，信賴
try v. 試，試圖，努力
turn v. 旋轉，翻轉，轉變，轉彎 n. 輪流，（輪流的）順序
type vt. 打字
understand (understood, understood) v. 懂得；明白；理解
undo v. 解開，松開
unfold vt. 展開，打開
unite v. 聯合，團結
visit vt. 參觀，訪問，拜訪
vote vi. 選舉，投票
2009年安慶九中高三理科數學（五）
2009 高考英語總復習之
-----寫作
袁麗莉
Teaching aims:
1. 使學生熟悉高考改錯新題型，并規范改錯格式。
2. 啟發學生思維，使學生在寫作時能有話可寫，盡快適應越來越來開放的作文題型。
Teaching important and difficult points:
如何擴展學生思維，積極參與討論
Teaching procedures:
Step 1
let students correct some common mistakes in the writing and present the kinds of mistakes.
一 、句子結構
1.However, other students against the idea.
2.I am not be a student who is crazy about music.
3.There have many reasons for that.
Tips: “句子結構不對,一處扣2分”.
二 、動詞
1.DuJiangyan Irrigation Project, which is built
2000 years ago, are still working now.
Tips: “時態語態誤用為大錯,一處扣2分”.
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